Using LanguageⅡ课时教学实录

Unit 2 Grammar:

Revise the Appositive 教学目标：同位语从句的用法

教学重难点：1.同位语从句引导词的确定

2. 同位语从句与定语从句的区分

Step1:什么是同位语？

同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质、情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语、从句等充当。

下面句子中划线部分在句中作什么成分？

1. Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. 名词

2. I myself will do the experiment.代词

3. She is the oldest among them six.数词

4. He told me the news that the plane had exploded. 从句

划线部分在句中作同位语

： The Appositive Step2:同位语的表现形式有以下几种：

(1) 名词 (2) 代词 (3) 数词 (4) 从句

(5) 由such as, that is引导

Some subjects, such as maths and physics, are very difficult to learn. 某些学科, 例如数学和物理, 是很难学的。

(6) 由of引导

The city of Beijing has been greatly changed since 2000. 自从2000年以来, 北京市发生了很大的变化。 (7) 由or引导

The freezing temperature, or freezing point, is the temperature at which water freezes under ordinary pressure. 结冰温度即冰点, 是水在常压下结冰时的温度。

Step 3:What kind of clauses are they?

1.The hope that he may recover is not gone yet. 2.The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved. 3.I have no idea when he will come back. They are Appositive Clauses. Step4：同位语从句

（1）The Appositive Clause定义：

在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它在句中起同位语的作用。

位置：它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释, 说明前面名词的具体含义。引导同位语从句的词有that, whether, what, how, when, where等。

注意:同位语从句有时被别的词把它和名词隔开：

The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home. 她突然想起可能在她离开家时没把门关上。

(2) 同位语从句的表现形式: ①

由that引导

1. The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable. 2.The hope that he may come here is not gone yet. 3.The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 4.The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. 5.The problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. ②

由whether引导

The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. ③

由when引导

I have no idea when they will go. (3) 同位语从句与定语从句的区别:同位语从句与定语从句在使用中常

常混淆, 我们可以从以下几个方面区别它们: ①

同位语从句说明的名词大都是抽象名词; 定语从句所修饰、限定的名词或代词有抽象的也有不抽象的。

We express the hope that they will come to visit China again. (同位语从句) Those who want to go please sign your names here. (定语从句) ②

同位语从句所说明的名词与从句没有

逻辑关系, 定语从句所限定的名词是从

句逻辑上的主语、宾语、表语、定语、

状语等。

The news that they won the match is true. (同位语从句, news和从句没有逻辑关系) The news that you told us yesterday is true. (定语从句, news是told的逻辑宾语) The order when we should go back hasn’t reached us.

(同位语从句, order和从句没有逻辑关系) The day when New China was founded will never be forgotten. (定语从句, day是founded的逻辑状语) ③

引导同位语从句的连词不可省略; 引导定语从句的关系代词作宾语时常可省略。

The news that he has been elected monitor of our class is true. The news (that) he told me is exciting. ④

同位语从句与先行词一般可变成一个完整句子, 谓语动词用be的不同形式。 He heard the news that their team had won. 此句可以变为一个表语从句: The news was that their team had won. 同位语从句的简易判断方法： 我们可以在名词和从句之间加be，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑，句子通顺，

则是同位语从句，定语从句是不能用系表结构把先行词与从句连接起来的。

The belief that the earth is flat is still held in some countries.

The belief is that the earth is flat. Step 5：Review：1.同位语？

2. 同位语从句? 3.区分同位语从句与定语从句。

Ste:6：课堂练习：I. Choose the best answer. 1. Danby left word with my secretary ______ he would call again in the afternoon. (2005浙江) A. who B. that C. as D. which

2. — Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport? — No problem. (2009浙江) A. when B. that C. whether D. what 3. Modern science has given clear evidence _______ smoking can lead to many diseases. (2011天津) A. what B. which C. that D. where 4. I made a promise to myself _______ this year, my first year in high school, would be different. (2012浙江) A. whether B. what C. that D. how II. Translate the following sentences. 1. I had no idea that you were here (你在 这里). 2. The belief that all roads lead to Rome(条条大路通罗马) is shared by many people. 3. The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled from the city (或许敌人已经逃离了那个城市). 4. I’ve come from Mr. Wang’s home with a message

that he won’t be able to go tothe airport to see you off this afternoon (他今天下午不能去机场为你送行了). 5. We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation(到哪儿去度暑假).