Using LanguageⅡ板书设计及意图

Speaking and writing Teaching goals教学目标

1. Target language 目标语言

Practise expressing conjecture I wonder whether... Is it possible that...? Do you know if...? Do you really think that’s true?

2. Ability goals 能力目标

Enable the students to write a scene of the play.

3. Learning ability goals 学能目标

Help the students learn how to write a scene of the play. Teaching important & difficult points 教学重难点

How to write a scene of the play. Teaching methods 教学方法

Discussion and practice.

Teaching aids 教学准备

A computer and a projector. Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式

Step Ⅰ Revision

Check the homework by asking some students to read their work.

A sample review of the play:

At the beginning of the play, Eliza was only a flower girl. One day when she was selling flowers in the street, she found a man taking notes of what she said. She was very angry and confused for fear that the man was a policeman in disguise. At the moment, another man appeared. From their talking, Eliza learned that the man taking notes was Professor Higgins who said that he could change a poor-educated man into a man in the upper class. She kept it in mind, for she was ambitious and wanted to make a big change.

The next day, Eliza went to the Higgins’ and wanted him to be his teacher. At first Higgins wouldn’t like to accept her. It’s Pickering that made the thing better. He wanted to have a bet with Higgins. So Higgins accepted Eliza as his student.

Of course, it was very difficult to teach Eliza. After all she was poor-educated and couldn’t behave well. It was a hard task for Higgins. Higgins taught her with great patience. Finally Eliza made great progress. When Higgins thought she was well-educated enough, she was taken to attend a grand party. At that time, she behaved in good manners, so that a young gentleman was attracted by her beauty and fell in love with her. He couldn’t recognize she was a flower girl in the street.

Then come to the climax of the play. After the party, Higgins and Pickering celebrated their success. However, they left Eliza alone, which

made Eliza disappointed. Finally, she couldn’t stand it any more. She decided to live independently.

Step Ⅱ

Discussion

Ask the students to discuss how Eliza felt after her first lesson.

T: Now work in pairs and discuss the following questions.

Show the following.

1. How did Eliza feel about her first lesson?

2. How do you think Mrs Pearce would comfort her? 3. How would Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering behave in the second lesson?

Sample answers:

1. I think she may be discouraged. She may think it is too difficult to learn formal English.

2. Mrs Pearce would comfort or encourage her by saying: “Don’t worry, dear lady. It’s not that easy to become a member of the upper class. Keep trying and you are sure to succeed.”

3. In the second lesson, Professor Higgins and Colonel Pickering would be more kind and patient.

Step Ⅲ

Writing T: Please turn to page 36 and look at the Part 2. Read the instructions and write a scene in which Professor Higgins gives Eliza her second lesson.

Sample version 1:

Act Two, Scene 3 (Professor Higgins is waiting for Eliza to come to their second lesson. He looks up and smiles as she enters the room.) H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for our second lesson? E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es. We can begin now. H: Well. To begin with, the grammar I taught you last lesson, can you repeat it?

E: Er..., Let me think for a while... H: What a silly girl! I can’t teach you any more. Maybe selling flowers in a street is just your suitable job. P: Oh, come, come Higgins. She is just a little girl and she has done her best. You’d better calm down and be more patient.

E: (sobbing) I’m sure I can remember it. Give me a chance and I’ll write it down immediately. H: I must say it’s my fault and I beg your pardon. Let’s leave it alone and begin our new lesson. E: (gratefully) It’s very kind of you, Professor. I will work harder and I won’t let you down again. H: OK. Now let’s do some practice in pronunciation which can truly improve

your position in society. So pay attention to the records and repeat. (Eliza listened to the record carefully but she just couldn’t follow.)

E: I’m afraid I can’t follow it. Can you make it slowly? H: Impossible. Only by following this speed can you make a graceful lady. P: My good friend. How can she learn from it if she can’t follow it? It’s not only patience that a teacher needs, he must take his student’s level into account. H: Sorry. Maybe you are right. I’ll make it slowly.

E: Much better now. Thanks to your guidance, I feel I’m not the person I used to be. H: Keep on and always remember you have a long way to go. E: How long will it take me to get all about language? H: It’s up to you. The more you want to succeed the shorter it will take. P: Higgins, I have to say that you have changed a lot. You are a real teacher now. And you, Eliza, you can’t expect too much. You must learn step by step. It’s your luck to have Higgins to be

your teacher. He’ll do you much good.

Sample version 2:

Act Two, Scene 3 (Professor Higgins is waiting for Eliza to come to their second lesson. He looks up and smiles as she enters the room.) H: Ah, Eliza. Ready today for our second lesson? E: (slowly and carefully) Ye-es... H: It seems that you are a little uncomfortable. Do you feel nervous? E: Oh no, I’m fine, but...

H: (a little impatient) Why so uncomfortable, Eliza? You have made great progress as we all can see. Are you planning to give up? E: (raises her eyes) Oh no, I’m not. Let’s start, Mr Higgins. What would you like to show me today? H: (picks up a dress and throw it to Eliza) Put it on and I’ll tell you how to behave in a grand party. E: (hesitates) On a grand party? Is it too early? Oh, the dress is too large! I can’t even walk!

H: What a poor girl! Of course you don’t have to keep it, if you are ready to be a flower girl again. For a well-educated girl, it is important to know how to deal with different situations in a proper way. For example when someone invite you to dance, always remember to say “I’d like to! Thank you.”

E: Yes! H: Your English needs further improvement. No one will believe such a pronunciation comes from a well-educated girl. E: Pardon? H: OK, OK. That’s enough. Dance, please.

E: (seeing Professor’s funny face and can’t help laughing) Ha, ha, ha...

H: (angrily) Stop! You sound so rude and nobody will enjoy it! Silly!

E: (stop laughing and act as Higgins) Like this? P: (enters the room) Oh, I can’t believe my eyes! Is it your masterpiece? H: It’s so simple.

P: What a beautiful and graceful lady! May I have the honor to dance with you?

H: (watching and smiling) What a masterpiece she will be!

Step Ⅳ

Homework Ask the students to summarize what they have learned in this unit and prepare for the next unit.

附

件

I. Pygmalion

Two old gentlemen meet in the rain one night at Covent Garden. Professor Higgins is a scientist of phonetics, and Colonel Pickering is a linguist of Indian dialects. The first bets the other that he can, with his knowledge of phonetics, convince high London society that, in a matter of months, he will be able to transform the cockney speaking Covent Garden flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, into a woman as poised and well-spoken as a duchess. The next morning, the girl appears at his laboratory on Wimpole Street to ask for speech lessons, offering to pay a shilling, so that she may speak properly enough to work in a flower shop. Higgins makes merciless fun of her, but is seduced by the idea of working his magic on her. Pickering goads him on by agreeing to cover the costs of the experiment if Higgins can pass Eliza off as a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party. The challenge is taken, and Higgins starts by having his housekeeper bathe Eliza and give her new clothes. Then Eliza’s father Alfred Doolittle comes to demand the return of his daughter, though his real intention is to hit Higgins up for some money. The professor, amused by Doolittle’s unusual rhetoric, gives him five pounds. On his way out, the dustman fails to recognize the now clean, pretty flower girl as his daughter.

For a number of months, Higgins trains Eliza to speak properly. Two trials for Eliza follow. The first occurs at Higgins’ mother’s home, where Eliza is introduced to the Eynsford Hills, a trio of mother, daughter, and son. The son Freddy is very attracted to her, and further taken with what he thinks is her affected “small talk” when she slips into cockney. Mrs Higgins worries that the experiment will lead to problems once it is ended, but Higgins and Pickering are too absorbed in their game to take heed. A second trial, which takes place some months later at an ambassador’s party (and which is not actually staged), is a resounding success. The wager is definitely won, but Higgins and Pickering are now bored with the project, which causes Eliza to be hurt. She throws Higgins’ slippers at him in a rage because she does not know what is to become of her, thereby bewildering him. He suggests she

marry somebody. She returns him the hired jewelry, and he accuses her of ingratitude.

The following morning, Higgins rushes to his mother, in a panic because Eliza has run away. On his tail is Eliza’s father, now unhappily rich from the trust of a deceased millionaire who took to heart Higgins’ recommendation that Doolittle was England’s “most original moralist.” Mrs. Higgins, who has been hiding Eliza upstairs all along, chides the two of them for playing with the girl’s affections. When she enters, Eliza thanks Pickering for always treating her like a lady, but threatens Higgins that she will go work with his rival phonetician, Nepommuck. The outraged Higgins cannot help but start to admire her. As Eliza leaves for her father’s wedding, Higgins shouts out a few errands for her to run, assuming that she will return to him at Wimpole Street. Eliza, who has a lovelorn sweetheart in Freddy, and the wherewithal to pass as a duchess, never makes it clear whether she will or not.

Ⅱ. My Fair Lady

The musical was based on George Bernard Shaw’s 1913 play “Pygmalion”. The following is the plot of the play.

We find Eliza Doolittle (Audrey Hepburn) selling flowers and spewing out the most dreadful words in a Cockney accent. It is really almost unbearable, but don’t turn the movie off as it doesn’t last too long. Audrey Hepburn is perhaps the most beautiful actress to ever grace the screen in my humble opinion. Here, she shines and is only a wall flower for the first part of the movie. Later she blossoms into an exquisite woman who could win the heart of any man. It is truly her best acting.

Professor Henry Higgins (Rex Harrison) and Colonel Pickering discover her selling flowers and after Professor Higgins throws money into her flower basket we expect the two will never meet again. Eliza has other ideas and proudly marches up to the professor’s home and demands to be taught to speak like a lady.

Colonel Pickering then makes a bet with Professor Higgins and says that if he can turn this uncultured “gutter snipe” with a “simply ghastly” accent into a sophisticated, elegant duchess, he will pay for all the expenses. (Reminiscent of “Trading Places” to give a modern example). It is just irresistible to the professor and so he takes on a challenge for six months.

Higgins’ arrogant attitude will make you laugh. He is humorously as unaware of other’s feelings as he is of his own. He is at first very unlikable, yet made me laugh through the whole movie. You will enjoy his eccentric view of life and cunning attitude as he tempts Eliza with chocolates.

When you hear “I Could Have Danced All Night,” you will know why this will become one of your favorite musicals. “On the Street Where You Live” always makes me cry. The script is superb and humorous in so many places. You will find yourself crying, laughing, and becoming increasingly enchanted as the movie progresses. I love this line: “The great secret in life

is not a question of good manners or bad manners, or any particular sort of manners, but having the same manner for all human souls.”—Professor Higgins

Higgins and Eliza have quite a few passionate verbal exchanges which are quite amusing. Eliza says: “I want a little kindness.” and we immediately know that love is the only aspect missing from this relationship. Higgins has to learn to love and that to me is the undercurrent in this movie. While Eliza learns to speak well, Higgins learns to love well.

Ⅲ. George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)

Irish dramatist, literary critic, a socialist spokesman, and a leading figure in the 20th century theater. Shaw was a freethinker, defender of women’s rights, and advocate of equality of income. In 1925 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Shaw accepted the honour but refused the money.

George Bernard Shaw was born in Dublin, where he grew up in something close to genteel poverty. “I am a typical Irishman; my family came from Yorkshire,” Shaw once said. His father, George Carr Shaw, was in the wholesale grain trade. Lucinda Elisabeth (Gurly) Shaw, his mother, was the daughter of an impoverished landowner. She was 16-years younger than her husband. George Carr was a drunkard — his example prompted his son to become a teetotaler. When he died in 1885, his children and wife did not attend his funeral. Young Shaw and his two sisters were brought up mostly by servants. Shaw’s mother eventually left the family home to teach music, singing, in London. When she died in 1913, Shaw confessed to Mrs. Patrick Campbell: “I must write to you about it, because there is no one else who didn’t hate her mother, and even who doesn’t hate her children.”

In 1866 the family moved to a better neighborhood. Shaw went to the Wesleyan Connexional School, and then moved to a private school near Dalkey, and from there to Dublin’s Central Model School. Shaw finished his formal education at the Dublin English Scientific and Commercial Day School. At the age of 15, he started to work as a junior clerk. In 1876 he went to London, joining his sister and mother. Shaw did not return to Ireland for nearly thirty years.

Most of the next two years Shaw educated himself at the British Museum. He began his literary career by writing music and drama criticism, and novels, including the semi-autobiographical IMMATURITY, without much success. A vegetarian, who eschewed alcohol and tobacco, Shaw joined in 1884 the Fabian Society, served on its executive committee from 1885 to 1911. The middle-class socialist group attracted also H. G. Wells. The both writers send each other copies of their new books as they appeared. “You are, now that Wilde is dead, the one living playwright in my esteem,” wrote Wells after receiving Shaw’s THREE PLAYS FOR PURITANS (1901).

In 1895 Shaw became a drama critic for the Saturday Review. Articles written for the paper were later collected in OUR THEATRES IN THE NINETIES (1932). Music, art, and drama criticism Shaw wrote for Dramatic Review (1885-1886), Our Corner (1885-1886), The Pall Mall Gazette (1885-1888), The World (1886-1894), and The Star (1888-1890). His music criticism was collected in SHAW’S MUSIC (1981). During this period he wrote CAESAR AND CLEOPATRA (1901) and THE PERFECT WAGNERITE (1898).

Pygmalion was originally written for the actress Mrs. Patrick Campbell. Later the play became the basis for two films and a musical. (Shaw’s correspondence with the actresses Ellen Terry and Stella Campbell is available in book form.) Shaw’s popularity declined after his essay ‘Common Sense about the War’ (1914), which was considered unpatriotic. With SAINT

JOAN (1924), his masterpiece, Shaw was again accepted by the post-war public. Now he was regarded as ‘a second Shakespeare’, who had revolutionized the British theatre. Shaw did not portray Joan of Arc, his protagonist, as a heroine or martyr, but as a stubborn young woman. And as in classic tragedies, her flaw is fatal and brings about her downfall. Uncommonly Shaw showed some sympathy to her judges. The play was written four years after Joan was declared a saint.

In his plays Shaw combined contemporary moral problems with ironic tone and paradoxes, “Shavian” wit, which has produced such phrases as“He who can, does. He who cannot, teaches”, “England and America are two countries divided by a common language”, “Christianity might be a good thing if anyone ever tried it”, and “I never resist temptation because I have found that things are bad for me do not tempt me.” Discussion and intellectual acrobatics are the basis of his drama, and before the emergence of the sound film, his plays were nearly impossible to adapt into screen. During his long career, Shaw wrote over 50 plays. He continued to write them even in his 90s. George Bernard Shaw died at Ayot St. Lawrence, Hertfordshire, on November 2, 1950. He was cremated and it was his wish that his ashes be mixed with those of his wife, Charlotte — she had died seven years before, “an old woman bowed and crippled, furrowed and wrinkled,” as Shaw depicted her in a letter to H.G. Wells.

Since the days of the silent films, Shaw had been a fan of motion-picture. He also played in the film Rosy Rapture — The Pride of the Beauty (1914). Shaw did not like much of the German film version of Pygmalion (1935), and the penniless producer and director Gabriel Pascal persuaded the author to give him the rights to make films from his plays. “Mr Pascal, you’re the first honest film producer I have ever met,” Shaw told him at their first meeting and gave him a pound note. Pygmalion, produced by Pascal and directed by Anthony Asquith and David Lean (uncredited), was a great success. In one article, Pascal was picked with the Pope and Hitler as one of the ten most famous men of 1938, but his career ended in the financial fiasco of the

spectacle Caesar and Cleopatra (1945). Among several other films inspired by Shaw’s plays were Saint Joan (1927), How He Lied to Her Husband (1931), Arms and the Man (1932), Major Barbara (1941), and My Fair Lady (1964). Pascal’s co-director in Major Barbara was David Lean, but for thousand pounds Lean agreed to give the full credit to Pascal.

Ⅳ. Quotations from Bernard Shaw Behind every successful man, there is a woman and behind every unsuccessful man, there are two.

每个成功的男人后面都有一个女人；每个不成功的男人后面都有两个女人。

I was born intelligent — education ruined me.

我生下来时很聪明的——教育把我给毁了。

Practice makes perfect... But nobody’s perfect... so why practice?

完美无缺苦练来……但没有一个人是完美无缺的……所以干吗要苦练呢？

If it’s true that we are here to help others, then what exactly are the others here for?

有人说我们来到这个世上就是要帮助别人的，倘若此话非虚，那么请问，别人来到这个世界又是干什么的？

Since light travels faster than sound, people appear bright until you hear them speak.

由于光速比音速快，所以在我们听到人们开口之前，个个都显得很聪明。

Money is not everything. There’s Mastercard & Visa. 金钱并非一切，还有信用卡呢。

One should love animals. They are so tasty.

人们应该喜爱动物，它们好吃来着呢。

Every man should marry. After all, happiness is not the only thing in life.

每一个男人都应该结婚。毕竟，幸福不是人生中惟一的东西。

The wise never marry and when they marry they become otherwise.

明白人从不结婚，结了婚就不明白了。

Success is a relative term. It brings so many relatives.

成功是一个相对的概念，就看你怎么看，无怪乎成功人士大家都拿他当自家亲戚看。

“Your future depends on your dreams.” So go to sleep.

“未来取决于梦想。”所以赶紧睡觉去。

There should be a better way to start a day than waking up every morning.

开始新的一天，应该有比每天早上一觉醒来更好的方式。

“Work fascinates me”, I can look

at it for hours. “工作令我着迷”，我可以一看好几个小时。

God made relatives; Thank God we can choose our friends.

上帝造就了亲戚；感谢上帝给了我们选择朋友的机会。

The more you learn, the more you know. The more you know, the more you forget. The more you forget, the less you know. So why learn?

学得越多，知道得越多。知道得越多，忘得越多。忘得越多，知道得越少。那么何必学呢？