Learning about Language教学设计及教案分析

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人教新课标选修八

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Unit 2 Cloning

grammar 教案

Teaching goals 教学目标

同位语从句与that引导的定语从句

Step Ⅰ Revision

Revision of the relative adverbs: Practice: complete the sentences with suitable relatives. 1. I know the reason __why__he came late for class. 2. Do you know the old lady, __whose____ son went to college last year? 3. The house __whose___ color is red is john’s.

4. This is the best film _that__ I’ve ever seen.

5. That’s the town __where ____ he worked in 1987. 6. I have 2 brothers, __ who_ are both soldiers. 7. I still remember my childhood, _when_ I had a good time with many friends. 8. I’ve tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of _which_ fits me well.

Step ⅡGrammar 定语从句与同位语从句的区别

一、从词类上区别

同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等表示抽象意义的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或整个主句。如：

We are looking into the question whether he is worth trusting.

我们正在调查的是他是否值得信赖的问题。

(同位语从句)

Word came that he had gone abroad.

据说他已经出国了。

(同位语从句) The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.

你找的那位医生在房间里面。

（定语从句，名词the doctor作先行词）

Our team has won the game, which makes us very happy. (定语从句，which代表前面提到的整个句子)

二、从性质上区别

定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制，属于形容词性从句的范畴；而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步说明和解释，属于名词性从句的范畴。如：

The news that our team has won the game is true.

我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。

（同位语从句，补充说明news的内容。）

The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.

昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。

(定语从句，that 从句作定语修饰news)

I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.

我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。

(同位语从句，补充说明promise) The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.

妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺。

(定语从句，that从句作定语修饰promise) 三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.

我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。

（同位语从句）

三、从引导词及其在句子中的成份上区别有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。如:

That question whether we need it has not been considered.

我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。

（同位语从句）

引导词that引导定语从句时，在从句中一般作主语或宾语（指物时还可以用which代替），并且作宾语时常常省略。

That在同位语从句中仅起连接作用，不充当任何成份，并且不能省略，也不能用

which来代替。

The order that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.

我们应派几个人去帮助别的几个小组的命令昨天已收到了。

（同位语从句，是对order的具体解释，

that虽不作成份，但不能省略）

The order (that) we received yesterday was that we (should) send a few people to help the other groups.

我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。

（定语从句，是名词order的修饰语，that

在从句中作received的宾语，可以省略）

从

A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Along with the letter was his promise ___ he would visit me this coming Christmas.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether

2. Luckily, we’d brought a road map without___we would have lost our way.

A. it

B. that

C. this

D. which

3. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars ___road conditions need _____.

A. that; to be improved

B. which; to be improved

C. where; improving

D. when; improving

4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.

A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as 5. The fact came up ___ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. whose

6. A decision was made ____

those who

wanted to get a job in the factory would not be allowed to stay.

A. what

B. when

C. which

D. that 7. The question came up at the meeting ____we had enough money for our research.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. whether 8. The reason ____ he is late is ____ there was a breakdown on the railway.

A. why; why

B. why; that

C. because; that

D. that; because

定语从句与强调句型的区别

强调句型的句式结构为：“It is/was + 被强调部分

+ that/who从句”。在强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，一律用that，而不用when, why或how；在强调主语和宾语时，如果主语和宾语指代人，则可用who和whom来代替that, 但是从句中的人称和数要与被强调的主语和宾语保持一致。这些都容易与定语从句混淆。

定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was”和“that/who”去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。

1. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.

(1995高考卷)

A. while

B. which

C. that

D. since

2. ____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.

A. It

B. What

C. So

D. Such 3. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (2000高考卷)

A. one

B. that

C. what

D. it

4. It was ____ he came to Macao ____ he knew what kind of place it was.

A. that; when

B. until; that

C. not until; when

D. not until; that 5. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

6. It was not until we came back from outside ____ out of his bed.

A. did he get

B. when he got

C. that he got

D. then he got

7. When was it ____ you met him in the library?

A. where

B. that

C. in which

D. which

8. It was near the place ____ there is a bomb ____ we found the dead man.

A. where; where

B. where; that

C. that; where

D. that; that 定语从句中的主谓一致

当关系代词作从句的主语时，那么从句的谓语必须与先行词保持一致。

e.g.

Last Sunday we visited a farm which is located in the suburbs of Hangzhou.

Those who are present at the meeting are all lawyers.

one of + 名词后面的定语从句谓语用复数；

the (only) one +名词后面的定语从句谓语用单数。

e.g. Jack is one of the journalists who know Russian but the only one who knows French in our News Agency.

3、

主语是I，时态是一般现在时，谓语be动词用am. e.g.

I, who am your close friend, will offer you a room for free Choose the best answer. Right now, in this poor area, _____ the homeless children need is enough food.

A. all what

B. all that

C. only what

D. only that

2. The professor talked with us about the beautiful campus and friendly teachers ____ they visited in the USA last week.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom 3. Is this factory _____ some American friends paid a visit to last week?

A. that

B. where

C. in which

D. the one 4. He often helps the students ____ he thinks are not good at their lessons.

A. whom

B. who

C. when

D. because 5. I shall never forget those years _____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.

A. that; which

B. when; which

C. which; that

D. when; that

6. Dr. Smith is a man of great

patience,

____ much can be learned.

A. who

B. from which

7. He was very rude to the customs officer, _____ of course made things even worse.

A. who

B. whom

C. what

D. which

C. from who

D. from whom

8. On the wall hung a picture, _____ color is orange.

A. whose

B. of which

C. which

D. its 9.

____ has already been pointed out, China will never be the first to use nuclear weapons.

A. As

B. It

C. That

D. Which

10. Keep away from such persons _____

will do you no good.

A. as

B. that

C. like

D. who