Learning about Language国家获奖教案

过去分词作定语和状语

过去分词有两个显著的特点，即：从时间上讲，表示动作已经完成；从语态上讲，表示被动的概念，但是如果是不及物动词用作过去分词形式，则只表示时间上的过去，而没有被动意义。过去分词在句中通常可以作表语、补足语、定语或状语.

一、

过去分词作定语

1. 过去分词作定语时，单个分词一般放在名词之前，分词短语放在名词之后。

Her job was to take care of the wounded soldier . We are doing our written exercises . The machine run by the old worker is made in Shanghai.

过去分词作定语时, 它的作用相当于一个定语从句。

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. = Who were the so-called guests invited(=

) to your part last night? 注意：如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。

例如：

Is there anything unsolved?

There is nothing changed here since I left this town.

2. 表示情感的动词的过去分词

由表示情感或心理状态的动词的过去分词作定、语时，通常不可以修饰无生命物，有些过去分词已经完全形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed, moved, interested, touched. surprised, shocked, puzzled, frightened等。

a frightened driver 吓坏了的司机

a disappointed girl 感到失望的女孩

3. 不及物动词的过去分词作定语时只表示动作的完成，而没有被动语态的意义。

如：

newly-arrived goods 新到的

fallen leaves 落叶

faded flowers 凋谢的花

练习：

1. What’s the language ___ in Germany?

A. speaking

B. spoken

C. be spoken

D. to speak 2. Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited

B. to invite

C. being invited

D. had been invited 3. The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open

B. opening

C. having opened

D. opened

4. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written

B. to be written

C. being written

D. written

二、过去分词作状语

1.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语应该和句子的主语保持一致。通常过去分词在句中可以作时

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间状语、原因状语、方式状语、伴随状语和让步状语等，而且可以与对应的状语从句进行句型转换。

1）过去分词做时间状语

1. When it is heated, ice will be changed into water.

When heated, ice will be changed into water. 2. When it is seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed.

Seen under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.

2）过去分词作原因状语

1. Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid.

Given advice by the famous detective, the young lady was no longer afraid. 2. Because it was done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes.

Done in a hurry, his homework was full of mistakes. 3）过去分词作条件或者假设状语

1.If they had been given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better.

Given more attention, the cabbages could have grown better. 2. Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh. 4）过去分词作方式或伴随状语

1. The hunter left his house, followed by his dog.

The hunter left his house, and he was followed by his dog. 2. She sat by the window, lost in thought.

She sat by the window, and

she was lost in thought.

lost 表示一种迷失心理状态

练习：

1. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.

A. first playing

B. to be first played

C. first played

D. to be playing 2. When _____ if she would request a rise, the actress said that money was not important.

A. asked

B. asking

C. having asked

D. being asked 3.

Yesterday I saw in the newspaper a teaching post _____ at a school close to my home and I wanted to apply for it.

A. advertises

B. advertising

C. advertised

D. to advertise 4. ____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player．

A. Having given

B. To give

C. Giving

D. Given

5. Mr Smith, ____ of the ____ speech, started to read a novel.

A. tired; boring

B. tiring; bored

C. tired; bored

D.

tiring; boring

6. Unless ____ to speak,

you should remain silent at the conference.

A. invited

B. inviting

C. being invited

D. having invited

7. When ____, the museum will be open to the public next year.

A. completed

B. completing

C. being completed

D. to be completed 8. If ____ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.

A. giving B. give C. given D. being given

9. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded

B. It was founded

C. Founded

D. Founding

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过去分词专项练习

. The song is often heard _______ in English. A. to sing

B. singing

C. sing

D. sung 2. _______ in the rain, he was wet to the skin. A. Be caught

B. Catching

C. Caught

D. Having caught 3. When Mr. Zhang spoke in class, there was so much noise that he couldn’t make himself ______. A. hearing

B. heard

C. to hear

D. hear 4. After his journey from abroad, Richard Johns returned home, _______. A. exhausted

B. exhausted

C. being exhausted

D. having exhausted 5. _____ for a long time, but he insisted on writing the novel. A. Having been ill

B. Although being ill

C. He being ill

D. He was ill 6. _____ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Having lost

B. To lose

C. Lost

D. Being lost 7. _____ from his accent, he is from Shanghai. A. Judged

B. Judging

C. Judge

D. To judge 8. Sarah, hurry up. I am afraid that you can’t have time to ______before the party. A. get changing

B. get change

C. get to change

D. get changed 9. _____ from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. A. Being separated

B. To be separated

C. Having separated

D. Having been separated 10. Sugar, when _____ with water, dissolve quickly. A. is mixed

B. mixing

C. mixed

D. mix 11. Do let mother know all the truth. She appears ______ everything. A. to be told

B. to have been told

C. to tell

D. to be telling 12. Having been attacked by terrorists,_________. A. the tall building collapsed

B. doctors came to their rescues

C. an emergency measure was taken

D. warnings were given to tourists 13. Prices of daily good ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought

B. been bought

C. buying

D. bought 14. ______ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Having given

B. Giving

C. Given

D. To give 15. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and all expenses ______ vacation to China.

A. paying

B. paid

C. to be paid

D. being paid 16. _____ in 1936, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in USA. A. Being found

B. It was founded

C. Founded

D. Founding 17. ----She should not have done that sort of thing.

----Whatever she did was reasonable, ______to what you had done; besides, it is none of your business. Get down to _____ your lessons. A. compared; doing

B. comparing; doing

C. compared; do

D. comparing; do 18. ______ the month and the year, the book was put on the bookshelf. A. Being marked

B. Marked with

C. Marking with

D. Having marked

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19. _____, she couldn’t say even a word. A. Excited

B. Being excited

C. Exciting

D. Being exciting 20. The youngest daughter got angry again. Mother felt very _____ and father’s face wore a ____ expression. A. puzzled; puzzling

B. puzzling; puzzled

C. puzzling; puzzling

D. puzzled; puzzled 21. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to ______ since the flood hit the area last Friday. A. having been missing

B. have got lost

C. be missing

D. get lost

22. ______ in a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end. A. Being settled

B. Settled

C. Having settled

D. Settling

23. When we came into the reading room, we found her _____ at a desk, with her attention ______ on a book. A. sitting; fixing

B. sit; fixed

C. sitting; to be fixed

D. seated; fixed

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