Task(1): Writing an advertisement: Skills building 1 and 2名师教学设计1

英语必修4 Unit1

写作指导、习文练笔及课下自测导学案

写作预习

写作预习1：

假定你是李华，计划去美国学习计算机科学。请给你在美国的朋友Peter写一封电子邮件，询问以下相关信息：

1. 需要参加何种英语考试；

2. 每学期需修的课程数和学费；

3. 食宿费用；

4. 合适的学校。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

3. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。

【要点提炼】

1．我计划去美国学习计算机科学；

2．对此，我有些信息要向您咨询；

3．我需要参加何种英语考试；

4．我每学期需修的课程数和学费；

5．我在美国的学习期间的食宿费用是多少？；

6．我想您给我推荐一些合适的学校。

【要点翻译】

1. it’s very common for young people to have a mobile phone nowadays. 2. many students cannot have used it in a proper way and it often interrupts the class and even affects their studies. 3. As a middle school student, we don’t have to get in touch with others during our studies.

4, I hope you can draw some useful lessons from other’s failing.

5. You had better not bring your mobile phone along when you go to school. 【连句成篇】

Dear younger brother, I’m writing to discuss with you the problem of bringing mobile phone along to school. I think it’s very common for young people to have a mobile phone nowadays for the life has been improved a lot, but many students cannot have used it in a proper way and it often interrupts the class and even affects their studies. As a middle school student, we don’t have to get in touch with others during our studies. I hope you can draw some useful lessons from other’s failing. You had better not bring your mobile phone along when you go to school. Love, Li Dong 写作预习2：

假设你是某中学学生会主席李华，你校与本地一所国际学样经常举办联谊活动.你计划在重阳节组织学生到养老院去慰问老人，拟邀请国际学校的学生参加，请你根据以下内容要点给国际学样的学生会主席Tony写一封信. 要点：

向老人赠送礼物（鲜花、自制贺卡……）；

为老人提供服务（做清洁、陪老人聊天……）；

为老人表演节目（唱歌、跳舞……）. 注意：

1、词数为100左右；

2、信的开关和结尾已为你写好（不计入你所写词数）；

3、已给出的信的开关和结尾不得抄入答题卡. （以下所给内容不得抄入答题卡）

Dear Tony，

Chongyang, the traditional Chinese festival for the elderly, is coming around. We are planning to visit the Nursing Home to celebrate the special day, and we would like to invite students from your school to join us.

…

Look forward to your early reply. Yours,

Li Hua 【要点提炼】

1. 拜访老人并向老人赠送鲜花和自制贺卡。

2．我们打扫卫生和洗衣服。

3. 我们陪老人聊天。

4．我们为老人表演节目，如：唱歌、跳舞……。. 5．增进对老年人的理解。

【要点翻译】

1. When we get there，we will visit the elderly in their rooms in groups，presenting them with flowers and self－made cards to show our respect and love. 2. we will do some cleaning and washing for them with the help of the nurses 3. We may chat with them about their old days, changes of our city, or anything they are interested in. 4. We give them some performances: singing, dancing, and so on. 5. we will both gain a better understanding of the elderly in China. 【连句成篇】

We have planned several activities. When we get there，we will visit the elderly in their rooms in groups，presenting them with flowers and self－made cards to show our respect and love. Then we will do some cleaning and washing for them with the help of the nurses. As some old people feel lonely. We may chat with them about their old days, changes of our city, or anything they are interested in. We may also give them some performances: singing, dancing, and so on. I am sure we will both gain a better understanding of the elderly in China. If you have any suggestions, please let us know.

写作预习3：

（江苏苏州六校2014届高三12月联考）

最近中国的空气质量引起了广泛的关注。请阅读下面的漫画，按要求用英语写一篇短文。

内容要求：

1. 简要描述漫画内容；

2. 简要分析产生这种现象的原因；

3. 针对以上现象谈谈你自己的看法（至少两点）。

注意：

1.词数150左右，开头已经写好，不计入总词数。

2.作文中不得提及考生所在的学校和本人姓名。

3.参考词汇：口罩mask；

雾霾haze

Recently,

the air quality in China ________________________________________.

_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 【要点提炼】

段落一：描述

1. 一个老人和他的孙子戴着口罩在街上行走。

2. 随着雾霾变得越来越严重，他们很难看清周围的建筑和树木。

段落二：原因

3. 车辆排放的尾气是空气污染的一个重要原因。

4. 工厂排放的烟也是空气质量差的原因之一。

5. 家庭和办公所用的燃油和燃煤也是主要原因。

段落三：观点

6. 政府和普通民众应该齐心协力。

7. 汽车和步行是公众交通的明智选择。

8. 应该制定有效的法律来确保好的空气质量。

【要点翻译】

1. An old man and his grandson are taking a walk in the street with masks covering their mouths 2.As the haze is becoming heavier and heavier, they find it hard to see the buildings and trees around them clearly. 3.Vehicles sending large quantities of poisonous gases are a major source of air pollution. 4.Factories that release a great deal of smoke are also responsible for the poor air quality. Burning materials like coal or oil for homes and offices is another major contributor to air pollution. 5.The government and the common citizens should make joint efforts.

6.Riding and walking are wise options for public travels.

7.Effective laws are supposed to be made to guarantee good air quality. 【连句成篇】

Recently ,the air quality in China has raised widespread concern. As is indicated in the picture, an old man and his grandson are taking a walk in the street with masks covering their mouths. As the haze is becoming heavier and heavier, they find it hard to see the buildings and trees around them clearly. The picture conveyed here is that air pollution is quite severe in China. Many factors account for this phenomenon. In the first place, vehicles sending large quantities of poisonous gases are a major source of air pollution. Furthermore, factories that release a great deal of smoke are also responsible for the poor air quality. Besides, burning materials like coal or oil for homes and offices is another major contributor to air pollution. Personally, to better the air quality, the government and the common citizens should make joint efforts.

Riding and walking are wise options for public travels. Meanwhile, effective laws are supposed to be made to guarantee good air quality.

写作指导

第一，写好句子

1)熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构。我们知道，单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础，然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的，耗时费力不说，拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语，很不地道。因此，考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”，并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点：（1）主谓要一致；（2）正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气；（3）名词的格要与代词的格一致；（4)句子结构成分完整，特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。

2)一个句子一个重心，句意清楚，合乎逻辑。

3)句子开头首字母要大字，句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。

第二．组句成文

一般说来，文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。

1)熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitional words)。例如：

并列关系：and, as well as, also…

递进关系：besides, in addition, moreover, what’s more…

转折关系：but, yet, however, although, otherwise, or, in spite of, despite, instead of, in the end…

时间顺序：while, when, soon after, before, afterward, finally, first, then, next,

as soon as …

比较/对比: like, unlike, on the contrary, on the other hand…

总结：

in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking…

进一步阐述:in other words，

that is to say, for example, for instance, such as …

因果关系：

as a result, so, thus, therefore…

2) 明确表达文章主题，内容要点全面，不要节外生枝。

3) 要点安排得当，使之文通字顺，合乎逻辑,层次清晰。

4) 注意养成写完后自我检查的习惯，应重点检查：

a, 要点有无遗漏；

b. 句法、词法有没有问题；

c. 单词拼写有无错误；

d. 大小写、标点符号有无问题；

e. 字数是否在题目要求范围之内。

三．句式变化及实用高级句型

1．句式要有变化

①

复杂句、并列句

②

倒装句

（1）虚拟语气中if省略；

（2）only+状语置于句首

（3）否定词置于句首

（4）地点副词置于句首

③

强调句型

It is ……that (who)…

④

非谓语动词。

⑤

虚拟语气

⑥

固定句型结构

too…to… so…that…

such a…that…not only…but also…

neither…nor…

such as…not …until…

so that…

either…or…

⑦直接引语与间接引语多种时态，动名词、不定式，并列结构

2．要使用高等级词汇及短语

①

使用高等级词汇。

②

使用短语。

③

使用谚语。

④

使用表强调的词，如alone, just, single, only, not…at all; on the earth;

the very; on earth等。

⑤

使用修辞手法:明喻，

暗喻，夸张，头韵，拟人等。如

as busy as a bee;

as proud as a peacock;

as blind as a bat.

习文练笔

习文练笔1 假如你们学校“英语爱好者俱乐部”将对“良好饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根

据下列提示，用英语写一篇发言稿。内容要点应包括：

部分同学的饮食习惯

不吃早餐

爱吃零食

偏食

饮食过量

良好的饮食习惯

个人看法

饮食多样化饮食

定时定量

有助于身体健康

…

注意：

1. 发言稿必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；

2. 发言稿开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数; 3. 词数：100左右；

4. 参考词汇: 偏食 be particular about food

零食 snack Dear friends, As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s very important for us to form healthy eating habits.

______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【审题】

本文体裁是一篇提纲类作文,对良好饮食习惯的探讨，用现在时即可；涉及的人称有第一人称和第三人称。

【写作构思】

本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：

一、部分同学的饮食习惯

。

二、良好的饮食习惯：。

三、个人看法。

【词汇热身】

1．不吃早晨____________ 2．吃零食____________ 3．偏爱____________ 4．多样化饮食___________ 5．定时定量____________ 6．身体健康

____________ 【答案】1. without breakfast

2.have snacks

3. be particular about

4. have various healthy diets

5.

have meals regularly

6.

build up a strong body

【要点提炼】

1.

部分学生经常不吃早餐就去学校。

2.

部分学生喜欢吃零食。

3.

部分学生对食物非常挑剔。

4.

我们应该有多样化的饮食。

5.

我们最好饮食有规律。

6.

我们应该养成良好的饮食习惯，这样有助于身体健康。

【句型演练】

1. Some of us often go to school without breakfast 2. Some like to have snacks.

3. Some others are particular about food.

4. we should have various healthy diets. 5. we’d better have meals regularly. 6. we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. 【写作模板】

As we all know, _______________. Therefore, it’s a very important for us to _________. However, ____________________________________________. Some of us ________________ __________; some _________________; some others __________________; _______________ will surely do harm to __________________. To keep fit, we should ____________________, which______________________. Besides, ______________________. In my opinion, we should_____________________ _________________________. Only in this way can we _______________________________.

【参考范文】

As we all know, we are what we eat. Therefore, it’s a very important for us to form healthy eating habits. However, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will surely do harm to our health. To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit as well as main food. Besides, we’d better have meals regularly. In my opinion, we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body. Only in this way can we have enough energy to study better.

习文练笔2 近期，雾霾天气频频发生，PM2.5(可入肺颗粒物)与PM10(可吸入颗粒物)这两个此前不被人熟知的词最近一直被许多人提及，环境保护越来越受到人们的关注。作为一名青少年，我们如何尽自己的微薄之力来保护环境，请以学生会的名义发出一个倡议。

要点：

1．环保受到人们更多的关注；2.环境的现状；3.应采取的措施。

注意：词数150左右(格式已给出，不计入总词数)。

My fellow students,

【审题】

本文属于提纲作文，体裁属于应用文；以第一人称为主；时态主要是一般现在时。

【写作构思】

首段：介绍雾霾天气对人们造成的影响，产生的原因以及保护环境的迫切性。

第二段：主要说明应采取的措施。

尾段：个人观点。

【要点提炼】

1.

雾霾天气频频发生,对人们的生活和健康造成了很大的影响。

2.

.环境保护越来越受到人们的关注。

3.

工业的发展和拥挤的交通造成了空气污染。

4.

我们应该采取措施来保护环境。

5.

尽力影响我们身边的人，让他们外出走路或骑自行车。

6.

举行演讲比赛来强调低碳生活的重要。

7.

开展宣传活动提高人们的环保意识。

【句型演练】

1. Recently, the Dust-haze weather hit the north of China over and over again, which had a great effect on people's life and health.

2. People are becoming more and more concerned about our environment.

3.I the development of industry and heavy traffic jams that have caused air pollution.

4.We should take some measures to protect our environment. 5. We'd better launch a campaign to raise people's awareness of environmental protection.

6. We can hold a speech contest about protecting environment to stress the importance of living a low-carbon life.

7. Do what we can to influence people around us to go to work or school on foot or by bike. 【参考范文】

My fellow students, recently, the Dust-haze weather hit the north of China over and over again, which had a great effect on people's life and health. As a result, people are becoming more and more concerned about our environment. As we all know, it's the development of industry and heavy traffic jams that have caused air pollution. So as a teenager, I think we should take some measures to protect our environment. On one hand, we'd better launch a campaign to raise people's awareness of environmental protection. Also we can hold a speech contest about protecting environment to stress the importance of living a low-carbon life. On the other hand, do what we can to influence people around us to go to work or school on foot or by bike.

As far as I'm concerned, every small step we take really counts. So please remember: together, individuals can make a difference.

习文练笔3 广告在我们的日常生活中非常普遍，很多同学很容易被广告影响，盲目购买厂家通过大量广告所宣传的商品，甚至上当受骗。就“广告”这一主题为你的校报写一篇短文，让同学们对广告有清楚的了解。内容包括：

1．做广告的真实目的。

2．如何避免被广告误导。

要求：1.词数150左右；

2．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。

[要求] 请用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、被动语态和强调句型完成作文。

————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————

【审题】

本文属于应用文体——书信。人称用第一人称和第二人称。时态以一般现在时态为主。

【写作构思】

首段：点明写信的目的或者原因。

主体段落：对朋友进行安慰，并提出合理化的建议。

结尾段：美好祝愿。

【要点提炼】

1. 广告在我们的日常生活中非常普遍。

2. 很多同学很容易被广告影响。

3. 盲目购买厂家通过大量广告所宣传的商品，甚至上当受骗。

4. 广告是公司促销产品的最好方式。

5. 广告的目的就是要增加产量。因此，公司会利用一切可能的方式来说服消费者来购买产品。

6. 当我们看见广告时，我们应该做一些研究更好地了解他们。

7. 我们不要买对我们没有用的产品

【句型演练】

1. we are often exposed to all kinds of advertisements every day.

2. We students are easily influenced by them.

3. Some of us will even be taken in by them to the products without intention.

4. Advertisements are the best way in which companies can advertise their products or service in front of people.

5. The purpose of advertising is to increase sales of products. So every possible means will be tried by the companies to persuade consumers to buy them. 6, When we see an advertisement, we should do some researches so that we can have a thorough knowledge of it.

7. we should never buy what is of no use to us just because the advertisement claims it can make us healthier or prettier. 。

【参考范文】

Nowadays we are often exposed to all kinds of advertisements every day. We students are easily influenced by them. Some of us will even be taken in by them to the products without intention. As we all know, advertisements are the best way in which companies can advertise their products or service in front of people. The purpose of advertising is to increase sales of products. So every possible means will be tried by the companies to persuade consumers to buy them. When we see an advertisement, we should do some researches so that we can have a thorough knowledge of it. More importantly, we should never buy what is of no use to us just because the advertisement claims it can make us healthier or prettier.

It is only by taking a correct attitude towards advertising that we can avoid being taken in.

课下自测

自测1 【写作要求】

随着互联网的发展和流行，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了。某英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论中学生网上购物的问题。请结合实际，按以下提示，用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件，谈谈你对中学生网购的看法。

1．网上购物的好处(比如方便快捷，节省时间，价格低等)。

2．网上购物的缺点(比如快递比较耗时，无法试穿试用，质量得不到保证等)。

3．中学生对网购应该持什么样的态度。

注意：

1．词数120左右，开头结尾已为你写好；

2．网购的好处与缺点至少各两点；

3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

4．文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。

Dear Editor,

With the development and popularity of the Internet, online shopping has become more and more common in China. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Mike 【参考范文】

Dear editor, With the development and popularity of the Internet, online shopping has become more and more common in China. I’m writing to share my views about online shopping.

On the one hand, I believe it’s convenient and economical. With the help of online shopping, we can buy things we want at home with a click of the mouse instead of going to the shopping mall. Besides, we might save money by comparing the price of goods sold in different online shops. On the other hand, it might lead to many problems. For one thing, your package can’t always reach you on time due to various unexpected reasons. For another, you can’t try on the clothes to see if they fit you or not like you do when shopping in a real shop.

All in all, I hold that high school students should have a cautious attitude towards online shopping in order to avoid wasting money or buying things of poor quality.

Yours sincerely,

Mike

自测2 【写作要求】

根据新闻报道，每年全国在餐馆里被倒掉的食物估计可养活2亿人。中国开展了“光盘运动”。请以“Against Food Waste”为题，用英语写一篇短文。短文应包含以下内容：

就餐浪费现象产生的原因

“光盘运动”的意义

1.中国人热情好客的传统

2.……

1.提高公众珍惜食物的意识

2.……

结合自身实际，谈谈自己的做法

(至少提出2个做法)

注意：1.陈述所给要点，可适度发挥，但不要简单翻译；2.词数150 左右。开头已经写好，

不计入总词数。

参考词汇：好客hospitality；打包make a doggy bag [要求] 请用定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、被动语态、不定式、it作形式主语和宾语、部分倒装完成作文。

Against Food Waste

According to reports, the leftovers in restaurants across the country are almost enough to feed 200 million people annually. _______________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_________

【参考范文】

Against Food Waste

According to reports, the leftovers in restaurants across the country are almost enough to feed 200 million people annually. Therefore, China has taken on a national campaign “Eat up all on the Plates” .

It is a tradition for most people in China to entertain their guests with more than enough food, believing that they have not satisfied their guests if there is no food left on the table, which they think is a good way to show their hospitality. They think (that) they will be looked down upon if they make a doggy bag of the leftovers. As a result, restaurant trashcans are often found full of leftover foods. The “Eat up all on the Plates” campaign is intended to reduce the waste and raise people's awareness. It has been warmly welcomed with positive responses. As middle school students, we should make it a rule to say “No” to food waste, and try to develop the habit of never ordering or cooking more than what we need so as to save our limited food resources. Only when everyone realizes it can we hope for a better future.

自测3 【写作要求】

假设你是李华。近日，你的英语笔友Jack听说你们学校正在开展“建设节约型社会(Construction of an energy-saving society)”主题活动，发来邮件请你介绍一下你对活动的看法和建议。请你结合以下要点，用英语给Jack回复邮件。

1．不浪费粮食和纸张；2.尽量不使用方便筷、塑料袋；

3．毕业生将书赠给低年级同学循环使用；4.其他建议。

注意：1.词数150左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】

Dear Jack，

Glad to receive your e-mail. As you know, there has been an activity of “Construction of an energy-saving society” in our school recently. I think it is of vital importance because our society is faced with the increasing danger of lack of energy. Many reasonable suggestions are given during the activity. In my opinion, there're many things we can do. In our daily life, we shouldn't waste any food or paper. It is also advisable to refuse to use disposable chopsticks and plastic bags. Besides, I think the government should make it a rule that used textbooks should not be thrown away when we graduate from school, because most of the books are in good condition and can be recycled. Actually, there are quite a lot that we can easily do, for example, try to take buses or bicycles instead of driving cars, etc. Only with joint efforts can we help to construct an energy-saving society. Yours，

Li Hua