Learning about Language教学实录

语法填空中动词的十种变化形式

种新的题型——语法填空题，其重点测试考生对一些基本的语法知识和习惯搭配的掌握情况。纵观这几年的高考真题，我们很容易发现其中涉及动词形式变化的试题是最多的，一般都有3道题。另外，在平时的教学中，这一热点也一直是学生最难掌控的难点。这几年，我通过对高考试题的研究发现动词形式的变化规律实际上是有迹可循的。它们主要分为三大类，共十种变化，现将其总结如下，希望能对大家有所帮助。

一．缼谓语动词：其一般都在主语之后，居句中

1.

时态：一般情况下全文以一般过去时态为主，用动词过去式

1).【2017浙江

】Pahlsson and her husband searched (search) the kitchen,

checking every corner, but turned up nothing. 2).【2015全国I】It was raining lightly when I arrived (arrive) in

Yangshuo just before dawn.

3).【2016全国III】Confucius believed knives would remind people of

killings and were (be) too violent for use at the table.

2.

主谓一致：一般情况下全文以一般现在时态为主，并且主语是单数，用动词单三形式

1)

.【2017全国III】But at the moment, school comes (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. 2)

.【2017全国I】

The amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food is (be) full of fat and salt. 3)

. 【2016全国II】Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is (be) often acceptable. 小提示：若句子的主句是祈使句，谓语动词形式不变，用动词原形

4)

.【2016全国II】But whatever it is, make (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

3.

语态：主语明显是谓语所表动作的承受者，用被动语态

1)

.【2017全国I】When fat and salt are removed (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. 2)

.【2017全国III】Sarah was told\ has been told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new super model earning a million dollars in the new year.

3)

【.2016全国III】Truly elegant chopsticks might be made (make) of gold

and silver with Chinese characters. 4)

【2017浙江】The ring probably got swept (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish.

二．缼非谓语动词：当句子中已经有了谓语时，一般都缺非谓语动词；它们的位置比较灵活，可置句首，句中或句末。

4.

to do 主要表目的和将来

1)

.【2017浙江】

Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook (cook) a meal. 2)

. 【2017全国I】They are required to process (process) the food that we eat. 3)

. 【2016全国II】If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely to bring (bring) your work home. 4)

. 【2014全国I】It took years of work to reduce (reduce ) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 5.

doing 主要表主动和进行

1)

. 【2017全国II】This included digging up the road, laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof. 2)

.【2016全国I】My ambassadorial duties will include introducing (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu 3)

. 【2016全国III】People probably cooked their food in large pots, using (use) twigs to remove it.

4)

. 【2017全国I】By eating (eat) more fast food, people will get more salt and fat. 6.

done 主要表被动和完成

1)

. 【2016全国I】I was the first western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas. 2)

. 【2015全国I】A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.

7.

doing 用作形容词时，一般修饰物，表示“令人......”

done 用作形容词时，一般修饰人，表示“某人本身......”

小提示：此类动词一般都是表示人的某种情绪，如“喜怒哀乐悲恐惊”等

1)

.【2014全国I】

There are amazing (amaze) stories of instant transformation. 2)

.【2014全国II】Some of them looked very anxious and disappointed (disappoint)

三.

变词性：根据句子中所缺成分，变成需要的词性（此类情况高考真题中考查不多）

8.

动词变名词

【2009广东】

But Jane knew from past experience that her choice (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 9.

动词变形容词

【2016四川】She was a very careful\caring (care) mother. 10.

动词变副词

【2014广东】

She was surprisingly (surprise) helpful.

动词是构成句子必不可少的元素，掌握动词的用法是遣词造句必备的技能，相信只要熟悉了以上动词的这十种常见变化，考生们在答题时就能够灵活运用它们，从而最大程度上提高解题的准确率。