Grammar教学实录及点评

过去分词作定语和表语

过去分词是非谓语动词的一种形式，表示完成和被动的动作。它在句子中可以充当表语、定语等成份。下面仅谈其作定语和表语的用法。

一、过去分词作定语

过去分词作定语有前置和后置两种情况。

1、前置定语

单个的过去分词作定语，通常放在被修饰的名词之前，表示被动和完成意义。

A类：被动意义：

an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.

受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。

B类：完成意义：（不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成）

boiled water＝water that has boiled开（过的）水

the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶

a developed country＝a country which has developed发达国家

a retired teacher 一位退休的教师

C类：有些过去分词作定语既表被动，又表完成。即过去分词在定语中可以独立表示完成意义的被动语态。如：

He told us of the great wrong done to him. ＝He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him. 他给我们讲了他所遭受的巨大冤屈。

Is there anything planned

＝that has been planned) for the weekend﹖

周末安排了什么活动没有？

Did you accept the invitation given(＝that had been given) by the tour guide?

你接受导游所给的邀请了吗？

Most of the artists invited（＝who had been invited）to the party were from South Africa (MET90)邀请到会的大部分艺术家来自南非。

注意：a worried look/face/expression着急的神情

an unexpected result意外的结果

2、后置定语

过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。如：

This will be the best novel of its kind ever written （=that has ever been written）。

这将是这类小说中写得最好的。

Who were the so-called guests invited （=who had been invited）

to your party last night？

昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？

二、过去分词作表语

作表语的过去分词主要来自及物动词，在主-系-表句型中，说明主语所处的一种状态。其中系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。如：

You seem frightened.

你看样子受了惊吓。

少数不及物动词（如go，

come，

set）的过去分词也能作表语，但它们不表示被动意义，只是表示动作完成。如：

They are gone for vacation.

他们度假去了。

注意：要区别“系动词+过去分词（系表结构）” 和

“系动词+过去分词（被动语态）”。如：

A. The library is now closed.

图书馆现在关门了。

B. The library is closed at six.

图书馆经常在六点钟关门。

说明：作表语用的过去分词表示主语的特点或所处的状态，强调主谓关系。这种结构中的过去分词前可加quite，

very，

rather等修饰词。系动词可有多种，表示不同的意义；被动语态表示动作，强调动宾关系，绝大多数被动结构中的行

为执行者还可以用by短语来表示。因此，我们不难看出在上面两句中，A句是系表结构，B句是被动语态。

从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1. Most of the artists _____ to the party were from South Africa.

A. invited B. to invite

C. being invited D. had been invited

2. The computer center，

_____last year，

is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open B. opening

C. having opened D. opened

3. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by the hour.

A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay

4.—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers？

—The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.

A. to solving；

making

B. to solving；

made

C. to solve；

making

D. to solve；

made

5. Don’t use words，

expressions，

or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge.

A. being known B. having been known

C. to be known D. known Key：

1-5 ADCBD

一般过去时的用法

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 last year, last night, just now, then, two days ago, at that time等。但是一般过去时也经常用在没有说明过去的时间状语的句子中，这是高考的命题方向。例如：

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year.

A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street.

我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth

"到……时间了"

"该……了"。

It is time for you to go to bed.

你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"

"早该……了" ，

It is time you went to bed.

你早该睡觉了。

would （had）

rather sb. did sth.

表示'宁愿某人做某事'。

I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4）

wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：

I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较：

Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）

Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）

注意：

用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2）情态动词

could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？