Learning about Language优秀课堂实录

Book 8 Unit 4 Learning about Language Grammar —— the Past Participle as the Adverbial 广东省潮州市潮安区凤塘镇凤塘中学 邱晓云

一、教学目标

Knowledge goal: To revise the past participle as the adverbial. Ability goal: 1. To use the grammar to solve some problems. 2. To enable the students to apply the knowledge to our daily life. Emotion goal: 1. To stimulate students’ interest in grammar learning.

2. To cultivate the students’ good learning habit. 二、学情分析

本节课的主体是高二年级的学生。在认知方面，高二的学生在学必修五的时候已经学习过过去分词做状语的用法，对过去分词做状语已经有了一定程度的了解。但由于我校是一所农村普通高中，学生的英语基础知识普遍比较薄弱，自主学习能力不强，实际运用英语解决问题的能力比较弱。因此，在本节课的教学中，重点让学生掌握过去分词做状语的用法，设计了让学生感兴趣的，与生活息息相关的活动，理论联系实际，调动学生学习的积极性，鼓励学生参与到课堂活动中。

三、重点难点

The important point: Enable the students to master the past participle as the adverbial The difficult point: Enable the students to use the grammar correctly. 四、教学过程

Step 1 Revision and leading in 1. Since we have learned the classical music play My Fair Lady, do you still remember how the story goes? Now let’s have a revision.

Who is she? --------Eliza Doolittle Starred by Audrey Hepburn Who is he? -----------Henry Higgins Starred by Rex Harrison Put the pictures in correct order according to the plot. Order: 6. 3. 4 .1. 5. 2 •1•

2. Here is the plot outline of the play, can you find out some past particles in the passage? Hiding from the rain outside the theatre, Higgins met Eliza Doolittle and was interested in her poor English. He said that he could have her English improved in three months, and she could pass herself off as a well-educated lady. Encouraged by Higgins's words, Eliza went to find him to learn English. Although always criticized by Higgins, she worked hard and improved her English quickly. Three months later, she attended the ambassador’s garden party. Shocked by her standard English, all the guests thought her to be an upper class lady. Attracted by her elegance, Freddy, a handsome man, fell in love with her. However, Eliza chose to be with Higgins at last. 3. We know that the past participle can be used as different sentence elements, and what parts do these past participles play in the sentences? Answer: ① interested----predicative, ②improved----object completement, ③ well-educated----attribute, ④ encouraged,⑤ criticized,⑥ shocked,⑦ attracted----adverbial 【设计说明】本单元学习了戏剧“窈窕淑女”，先由该戏剧的故事梗概，导入过去分词。通过让学生在故事梗概中找出过去分词，并分析这些过去分词在句子中所充当的成分，引入这个单元的语法点----过去分词做状语。上一个单元已经复习了过去分词做表语，宾语补足语和定语，该环节主要是让学生在真实的语境中感知过去分词在句子中所充当的不同成分，培养学生自主感知和发现的能力。

Step 2 Functions The past participle indicates that the action is passive and completed. When it is used as adverbial, it has a passive relationship with the logic subject. 1. the adverbial of time=adverbial clause of time（时间状语) ★. When the National Stadium is seen from the top, it looks like a bird nest. (When) Seen from the top, the National Stadium looks like a bird nest. Ps: “when/while/until” can be used in front of the adverbial. 2. the adverbial of cause= adverbial clause of cause ★. Because I was impressed by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time. Impressed by the beautiful scenery, I forgot to go back home in time. 3. the adverbial of condition= adverbial clause of condition（条件状语) ★ .Once water is poured, it cannot be taken back again. (Once) Poured , water cannot be taken back again. Ps: “once/if/unless” can be used in front of the adverbial. •2•

4. the adverbial of concession =adverbial clause of concession(让步状语) ★. Though he was defeated for many times, he didn’t lose heart.

(Though) defeated for many times, he didn’t lose heart.

Ps: “though/although” can be used in front of the adverbial. 5. the adverbial of accompaniment = simple sentence + and + simple sentence(伴随状语) ★. The trainer appeared, and he was followed by four dogs. The trainer appeared, followed by four dogs. ★. The teacher stood there and she was surrounded by a group of students. The teacher stood there, surrounded by a group of students. Summary：When the past participle is used as adverbial, it has a passive relationship with the logic subject. It can be used as adverbials of : 1. time 2. cause 3. condition 4. concession 5. accompaniment 【设计说明】该环节通过六个例子，通过让学生填空的方式，比较直观地呈现过去分词充当五种状语的功能，让学生在真实的语境中感知并区分过去分词做不同的状语。通过观察—分析—对比—归纳，让学生掌握不同的状语从句可以转换为过去分词做不同的状语，并理解过去分词和它的逻辑主语之间存在被动关系。配合相关的图片，让学习更具趣味性。

Exercise 1 : Fill in the blanks with the words given, using the past participle as the adverbial. 1. Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. (ask) 2. Frightened by the tiger, the girl didn’t dare to sleep alone. (frighten)

Exercise 2 : Join the two sentences together, using the past participle as the adverbial. 1. The book was written in 1960. The book is still popular today. (Although/Though) Written in 1960, the book is still popular today. 2. I were informed ahead of time. I would have finished the task. (If) Informed ahead of time, I would have finished the task. •3•

3. The old man went into the room. The old man was supported by his wife The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 【设计说明】此练习针对过去分词充当五种状语而设计，针对性强

，根据先易后难分为两部分。第一部分让学生根据所给的单词填空，第二部分让学生把两个简单句中的一句改成过去分词作状语，由易到难，循序渐进，让学生更容易接受，让练习达到理想的效果。

Step 3 Attentions When using the past participle as adverbial, we should pay attention to two points. Attention 1 past participle vs present participle (as adverbial) (as adverbial) “V-ed” form “V-ing” form

“V-ed” form passive relationship logic subject “V-ing” form active relationship logic subject

Seen from the hill, the park is beautiful. (see)

Seeing from the hill, we saw a beautiful park. (see) Following the girl, we went upstairs. (follow)

Followed by the girl, we went upstairs. (follow) Attention 2 past participle: ×

Passive action √

The subject’s stative characteristic(主语的状态) linking verb + predicative (系表结构) lost (沉浸于)， seated (就座), faced with (面对)，

tired of (厌倦了), worried about (担心 ) 1. Worried about his son, the old man was unsettled. (由于担心儿子) 2. Lost in deep thought , he didn’t hear the sound.

（陷入沉思）

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【设计说明】该部分讲在使用过去分词作状语的时候应该注意的两个问题：1. 过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语的区别；2. 有时过去分词不表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系，而是表示主语的状态。这两个注意的问题以微课的形式呈现出来，应用于课堂教学当中，内容短小精悍，聚焦性和针对性强，相对于课堂教学来说形式更多样化，从而使学生的学习思维得到转换，较大程度地提高了学生学习的热情和兴趣，得到更好的学习效果。

Exercise Correct the following sentences. When visited London at night, she met her old friend. When visiting by the police at night, she was a bit surprised. Tiring of the boring tasks, he quit his job. Facing with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. Answers: 1: visited---visiting 2. Visiting---visited 3. Tiring---tired 4. Facing---faced或去掉with 【设计说明】该练习是专门为以上微课内容所设计的。第1,2道题针对现在分词与过去分词的区别；3,4道题针对过去分词作状语表示主语的状态。特别是第4道题，有两种改法，除了用过去分词，也可以用现在分词，在同一道题中让学生体会现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别，达到较好的练习目的。

Step 4 Skills-upgrading Watch the following video and fill in the blanks according to the video , using the past participle as the adverbial. Exercise: Skills-upgrading Rachel worked as a waitress in a coffee shop. In order to spend the Thanksgiving Day with her family, she went to get her salary in advance from her boss Terry. ① , she worked harder to serve the customers (refuse). She even asked a customer for tips in advance but failed. ② , Rachel went back to the dorm (disappoint). ③ , her holiday her friends scrapped together some money for her (worry about). ④ , She hugged them warmly (move). Answer: Rachel worked as a waitress in a coffee shop. In order to spend the Thanksgiving Day with her family, she went to get her salary in advance from her boss Terry. ①

Refused by her boss, she worked harder to serve the customers. She even asked a customer for tips in advance but failed. ② Disappointed, Rachel went back to the dorm. •5•

③ Worried about her holiday, her friends scrapped together some money for her. ④

Moved by what her friends had done, she hugged them warmly. 【设计说明】该部分是一个能力提升环节，也是一个知识联系生活的环节。让学生看一个日常生活的片段，根据该片段的内容用本节课所学到的知识完成所给出的短文。该环节安排在一系列比较基础的练习之后，是一个比较综合的环节，对学生来说也比较有挑战性。学生根据听到和看到的视屏中的内容，通过与同学讨论之后来完成设计的练习，可以全面提高学生听说读写的能力，提高学生理论联系实际，灵活运用知识的能力。诙谐幽默的短视频也能够调动学生的兴趣，使学生的注意力集中，使学习的氛围轻松活跃。

Step 5 Summary 1. The past participle can be used as adverbials of time, cause, condition, concession and accompaniment. 2. The differences between the past participle as the adverbial and the present participle as the adverbial . 3. The past participle can be used as the adverbial to show the state of the logic subject. Step 6 Homework All of us have experienced something impressive. Write a story of your own using the past participle as adverbials of time, cause, condition, concession and accompaniment. 【设计说明】课后作业是课堂教学的一个补充和延伸，目的是引导学生复习，总结课堂内容，并且应用课堂教学的内容。该作业布置了写作，锻炼了学生听说读写能力中的“写”，让学生将知识内化，并且应于日常生活中，做到理论联系实际，不跟生活脱节。

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