Grammar and usage(2): Modal verbs: comparisons公开课参赛课教案

江苏省宝应中学

张芸

M4U2 情态动词教学设计

Step 1 Greetings Step 2 Learning aims 知识与技能目标：1.Grasp the usage of Modal Verb; 2.Finish some grammar exercises in WB. 过程与方法目标：1.Learn the usage of Modal Verb by explaining them; 2.Deepen their impression and master the usage of Modal Verb by finishing some exercises. 情感态度与价值观目标：Help the students build the confidence and interest of English-learning. Step 3教学重点：Modal Verb 教学难点：Finish some exercises to help them master the usage of Modal Verb. 教学重点、难点解决办法： By teaching the students some grammar rules to help them master the usage of Modal Verb. Step 4 教师教法：Teaching method Guiding method Practicing method 学生学法；实践法：Discussion method Practicing method 教具、学具准备： blackboard workbook

computer Step 5 教学过程

常见的情态动词有：can, could, be able to，may, might，must，have to，shall, should/ought to，will, would，need，dare(dared)，used to, had better, would rather 注意：①

肯定句中, 后面直接接动词原形②

否定句中, have to, ought to, used to的否定表达为don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to, ought not to,

used not to/ didn’t use to (多用后者), 其他均放在情态动词后。used to反意疑问句回答: eg. I used to live in a village, ____________________?

※can表示许可和请求

(疑问句)。

“可以”

You can keep the book for a week.

You can’t smoke in our school.

---Can I go now?

---Yes，you can./ No, you can’t.

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could也可表示请求。此时它并非是can的过去时态,只表示委婉的语气，主要用于疑问句,不可用于肯定句．回答应用can --- Could I come tomorrow?

--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.

(还可以用No, I’m afraid not)．

※can表示对可能性的主观推测①（主要用在否定句、疑问句中）否定句中:“不可能,肯定不…,肯定没有…” (与couldn’t一样其实是对must肯定推测的否定); 疑问句中: “可能?”

This cannot be done by him．

Who can it be?

②

can (could) have done常用于疑问或否定句表推测，表示对过去发生的事情怀疑或不肯定。

He can’t have been to that town．(不可能，肯定没有) Could he have booked the seat?

(可能吗) ※can表示理论上存在的客观可能性时，常用于肯定句。“有时会，可能会”

Even experienced people can make mistakes.

It can be quite cold here at night. ※表示能力时，can和be able to均可用。注意: ①can不能与其他情态动词连用, be able to则可以与shall, will等连用.②can只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时could；be able to可以用于任何时态；③be able to的主语只能是人或动物，can没有限制；④另外can只表明具备某种能力．但不一定用于实践；而be able to 强调“实际做到”。

was/were able to do sth=managed to do sth/succeeded in doing sth （could无此用法）

※can常用于否定句或疑问句表示“惊异、怀疑、疑惑、不相信”的态度。

I can’t believe that.

How can you treat me like this? ※常见搭配①cannot (couldn’t) help+doing

情不自禁②cannot/never ...too/enough...再怎

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么……也不为过，越……越好③cannot help but do

不得不，只好

◎表示请求时，might比may的语气更委婉一些；允许：You may drive the car．

---May/Might I use your pen?

---Yes, you may/can.

---No，you can’t / mustn’t．(表示

“不可以”、“禁止”)

◎表示推测可能性(不用于疑问句)

肯定句“可能” He may be very busy now．

否定句“可能不……，可能没有……”He may not have finished the work．

◎用于祈使句中表示祝愿。May you succeed！祝你成功。

◎may/might/could as well do sth.不妨……

◎may well

很可能，well加强语气

■表示“必须”must多出现在肯定句中，其否定为don’t have to或needn’t；而have to肯定,否定都可以。

You must take your doctor’s advice. (主观看法)

You must obey the rules．(责任或义务) You will have to do it again．（客观需要）

■表示

“强制性”或“请求”must一般用于否定句, 表说话人

“不许”和“禁止”某人做某事,有很强的劝告语气; 疑问句用于征求别人的意见

“必须吗，一定吗”

Cars must not be parked here.

You mustn’t talk in public.

---Must we hand in our exercise books today? ---Yes，you must．

(---No, you needn’t / you don’t have to．) 注意: mustn’t “禁止”;don’t have to “不必”

■推测可能性

“一定,肯定”只用肯定句

The man must be your head teacher.

The road is wet. It must have rained last night. The girl is not out. She must be doing her homework now. ---Why didn't you answer my phone call? ---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.

注意must have done反意疑问句回答：有具体过去时间，用一般过去时，没有用完成时

■表示同说话人愿望相反或不耐烦“偏要，非要”

(Why) must you….?(为什么)你非要……?

if you must (do sth.) (对方可以做,但不赞同)如果你非要……

if you must know用于回答自己认为并不应该问的问题

⊙shall用于第一、三人称表示征求对方意见或向对方请示“要……做什么吗？”

Shall we begin our meeting?

Shall he send you the book? ⊙shall用于第二

、第三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。

You shall go with me. (命令)

He shall be punished. (威胁) You shall have the book when I finish it. (允诺)

“可以，会”

⊙用于条约，规定，规章等文件中，表示一种义务。多用于第三人称中。

“The interest ___be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.

A. may

B. should

C. must

D. shall

⊙用于第一人称的一般将来时，陈述句可以与will(用于各种人称)互换

I shall/will leave for Yangzhou today.

▼should表示劝告、义务、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to We should learn some English.

Ought I to go and see him in the hospital? 疑问句中常用should代替ought to ▼should表示推测或可能。

(理应，应该) It’s 9 o’clock now, the boss should be here at any moment.

▼should表示允诺。“按理说应该”

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The clothes should be ready at noon.

The photos should be ready tomorrow. ▼should +have +过去分词表示应该做而实际上没有做到（虚拟语气）“本应该”

▼why (or how + should)结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、赞叹、愤怒、惊异等感情，意思为“竟会”。

I can’t understand why he should have moved to New York.

▼在名词性从句或定语从句中，表示虚拟语气．

He suggested that I (should) go to shanghai tomorrow.

It’s time that you went/should go to bed. ▼在if引导的条件状语从句中，若表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件句的谓语动词可以用“should

＋动词原形”；若if省略，should应提到句首，构成部分倒装。

If it should snow tomorrow, the meeting would be put off．

●表示请求建议时，通常用第二人称.

Would/Will you (please) pass me the salt? ●表示意志、愿望和决心。

I will never do that again.

He said he would try his best to pass the test. ●表示客观真理或倾向。Oil will float on water.

The door won’t open. ●用于否定句

“不肯，不乐意” I have told her that many times, but she won’t/wouldn’t listen.

●would表示过去习惯性动作。

▲need作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句。You needn’t come so early．

--Need I finish the work today?

(--Yes，you must．

No, you needn’t.) 注意: needn’t have done表示

“本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。

▲dare作情态动词时主要用于疑问句和否定句，一般不用在肯定句中。

How dare you say I’m unfair?

He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?

I dare say /daresay you are wrong.

是一个固定搭配，只用于第一人称单数和现在时，

“我猜测，可能，也许” 后面一般跟从句。

▲dare和need作实义动词时有时态、人称和数的变化．

I dare to swim across this river．(肯定句后接带to的不定式) He doesn’t dare (to) answer questions in class．(否定句后接带to或不带to的不定式均可) He needs to finish it this evening 情态：needn’t do sth., daren’t (dared not) do sth.

行为：don’t/doesn’t/didn’t need (dare) to do sth.

▲didn’t need to do与needn’t have done前者表示过去没必要做，做了没有不确定；后者表示过去没必要做但实际却做了

♀情态动词+have done

推测或虚拟

must have done (can’t/couldn’t或疑问句) could have done ①本来可以/能够(实际未做到)②可能已经做过某事了(may, might) should/ought to have done (not) “should have done”结构还可以表示动作已经完成，但含有感情色彩，表示惊讶、惊奇等意味。意为“竟然，居然”。

I'm sorry that this should have happened. may/might have done (not)可能已经(不，没有) might have done本来应该做却未做

needn’t have done

would have done

♂would rather do than do=would do rather than do would rather+从句（虚拟语气）对现在或将来虚拟，用一般过去时；对过去虚拟，用过去完成时。

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