Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending教学目标设计

Period Ⅱ

Warming Up & Reading

1．venture vt.& vi.冒险；敢于去…… n. (有风险的)商业、企业

(教材P1)Nothing ventured, nothing gained. 不入虎穴，焉得虎子。

Don't venture too near the edge of the well；you might fall in. 别冒险靠水井太近，那样你会掉进去的。

He failed in his ventures.他投机失败了。

venture to do...

venture into/beyond/out of venture on sth. at a venture 鼓起勇气去做

冒险进入/走出……

冒险做……

冒险地；碰运气地

This is the first time that the company has ventured into movie production. 这是这家公司首次涉足电影制作。

It was wrong to venture his financial security on such a risky deal.他以自己稳定的财政作赌注去做风险这么大的交易是错误的。

He chose a book at a venture from the shelves. 他从书架上随便挑了一本书。

【名师点津】

表示“冒险”也可以用与risk有关的短语：

risk sth./doing sth.冒险做某事

take a risk 冒险

be at risk 冒险

完成句子

①冒昧地问一句，你们之间没发生什么事吧？

I if anything sprang up between you. ②他冒着生命危险为人民自由而战。

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He to fight for the people's freedom. ③他最近冒险做起了出口业务。

He an export business. 【答案】

①venture to ask

②ventured his life

③has recently ventured into 2.

suffering n.

苦楚；受难；痛苦；折磨；苦恼

(教材P1)He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his sufferings. 他睡在木柴和稻草上以提醒自己不忘苦难。

There is so much suffering in this world. 这个世界上多灾多难。

Her face bore the deep imprint of suffering. 她的脸上带着受过苦难的深深痕迹。

①sufferings (pl)

②suffer vt.& vi. suffer from sth. suffer for (it) 痛苦；苦恼

受苦；忍受

遭受……

(因此)而吃苦头

The city suffered serious damage from the earthquake. 这个城市因地震而遭到严重破坏。

Obviously you are suffering from jet lag. 很显然你正在遭受时差反应的痛苦。

I know I'll suffer for it tomorrow morning，but give me another gin. 我知道我明天早上会因此而难受，不过还是再给我来一杯杜松子酒吧。

【名师点津】

suffer作及物动词时，其宾语常为pain，loss，grief，insult，punishment，hardship，injustice，disappointment等表示精神痛苦的名词，而后接遭受战争、自然灾害等带来的苦难及患病之苦时，常用作不及物动词，需借助于介词from。

完成句子

① (由于患心脏病) for years, Mr.White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes. ②Be careful, or (我们的工作会受损失)．

【答案】

①Having suffered from heart trouble

②our work will suffer

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3．block out

封闭；忘掉；抹去

(教材P2)As I think of this, a black blanket drops and covers me, almost blocking out the memories of happier times.正想到这儿，一条黑色的毛毯掉下来把我盖住，几乎把美好时光的记忆封闭了。

Block out this unimportant detail at the top of your picture. 在底片上把图像上部的这个不重要的细节涂掉。

That wall blocks out all the light. 那堵墙把光线都遮住了。

block in

block off block up 概略画出

封锁；封闭；隔开

阻塞；阻挡；阻碍

The main roads of the city have been blocked off. 城市的主干道路被封锁了。

The fire won't burn because the flue is blocked up. 因烟道堵塞火烧不起来。

完成句子

①A piece of rock has fallen and (把小路挡住了)．

②Police (封锁了那条街道)after the explosion. 【答案】

①blocked up the path ②blocked off the street

4.blacken vt. & vi.(使)变黑；丑化；败坏……的名誉

(教材P2)I feel breathless as I remember my rotten toes that had to be removed when they became blackened from frostbite. 一想到由于冻伤变黑而必须截去的腐烂的脚趾头，我就感到喘不过气来。

The smoke had blackened the white walls of the kitchen.烟把厨房白色的墙壁熏黑了。

Don't blacken my name by spreading rumours. 别散布谣言败坏我的名声。

en­或­en与形容词或名词相结合，原词由形容词或名词转化为动词。这类常见的动词还有：

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enrich

enlarge encourage darken sharpen deepen widen 使丰富；使富有

使扩大

鼓励

使变黑

使锋利

加深

加宽

My pencil is blunt, could you lend me a knife to sharpen it? 我的铅笔钝了，你能借我把刀子削一削吗？

May our partnership deepen and prosper. 预祝我们的伙伴关系不断加深和发展。

单句语法填空

①Mr.Trent hopes the city won't go through with its plans to (wide) the street. ②We must (large) our views by reading. ③The library was (rich) with new books. 【答案】

①widen

②enlarge

③enriched

5．(教材P2)Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive.我们的境况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。

(1)circumstance n.

环境；详情；境况(需用复数) The choice of technique is, therefore, a matter of preference, and in some cases circumstance. 因此，技术的选择是偏好的问题，在某些情况下也与环境有关。 I cannot recollect the exact circumstance. 我总是想不起确实的情况。

in any circumstances

在任何情形下

in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下

in/under no circumstances 无论如何不；绝不(位于句首时，句子用倒装)

If we are happy in our heart, we will be happy in any circumstances. 如果我们的心快乐，任何情况下都会觉得快乐。

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Under no circumstances should you lend him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。

完成句子

①中国在任何时候和任何情况下，都不首先使用核武器。

At no time and will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. ②在这种情况下，我们必须让步。

We must give in . ③我知道我在任何情况下都能信任她。

I know I can trust her . 【答案】

①under no circumstances

②under this circumstance

③in any circumstances (2)【句式分析】

句中so...that 引导结果状语从句；在状语从句中it为形式主语，whether引导的句子为真正主语。so...that...表示“如此……以至于”。

It was so cold outside that we had to stop the game. 外面天气太冷了，我们不得不停止比赛。

The picture is so beautiful that everyone likes it.

那幅画是如此好看，以至于大家都喜欢它。

so...that...常用于以下结构：

①so＋形容词(表语)＋that从句。

②so＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数名词＋that从句。 ③so＋副词＋that从句。 ④so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋名词＋that从句。

The weather is so fine that all the children want to go out to play. 天气如此好，所有的孩子都想出去玩一会儿。

She made so good a meal that we all ate far too much. 她做的饭菜那么好吃，结果我们都吃得太多了。

He did so well in the examination that everyone praised him.他考得那么好，人人都称赞他。

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【名师点津】

such...that...用于以下三个句型：

such＋ a(n)＋形容词＋单数可数名词＋that... such＋形容词＋复数可数名词＋that... such＋形容词＋不可数名词＋that... such＋不可数名词＋that...

完成句子

④缸里的水太少，不够我们这些人用的。

There was it was not enough for all of us. ⑤他学习功课非常勤奋，休息得很少很少。

He worked he had little rest. ⑥昨天天气很好，我们都出去野餐了。

It was we all went out for a picnic. 【答案】

④so little water in the jar that

⑤so hard at his lessons that

⑥so fine a day yesterday that 6．hold on 坚持；继续；(打电话时用语)请等一下；不要挂断

(教材P2)Hold on now, Perce.Don't you go turning into another Tom... 坚持下去，珀斯。不要变成另一个汤姆……

They managed to hold on until help arrived. 他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。

Hold on, please.I'll see if he's in his office. 请别挂断。我去看看他是否在办公室。

①hold on还表示“将……固定住；抓住；保留”，表示“抓住；保留”，后面常跟to sb./sth.。

②hold back (from sth.) hold sb./sth.back hold out hold up 退缩；踌躇

阻止；扣住；抑制

维持；保持；抵抗；伸出(手) 阻碍；延误；抢劫

He held on to the rock to stop himself slipping.

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他紧紧抓住岩石以免自己往下滑。

I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but

was held back

thankfully by the shop window. 我有一种强烈的欲望，想伸手进去拿那个玩具玩，但幸亏我被商店橱窗阻挡了。

They were ready to hold out a friendly hand. 他们准备伸出友谊之手。

用hold back/hold on/hold on to/hold out的适当形式填空

①They managed to until we found a ladder. ②I would the house for the time being. ③He bravely his tears. ④We can stay here as long as our supplies ．

【答案】

①hold on

②hold on to

③held back

④hold out 7．(教材P3)So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement...

所以在1914年7月的一个早晨，我是怀着无比激动的心情读这则广告的……

【句式分析】

这是强调结构的句子，with great excitement one morning in July 1914是被强调部分。

It was in the street that I met your parents yesterday. 昨天我是在街上遇到你父母的。

①强调句型的构成：It is (was) ＋

被强调部分＋ that (who) ＋

句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其他部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语、宾语、表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。 ②强调句型的一般疑问句：直接把is或was提到it之前即可。

③强调句型的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋ is (was) it ＋ that ＋句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。

Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday? 是汤姆昨天在教室里发现了你的钢笔吗？

Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday？是谁昨天在教室里发现了你的钢笔？

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【名师点津】

(1) 强调句的时态要和原句保持一致。

(2) 被强调成分若为代词，它的格也要与原句保持一致。

(3) 被强调成分为时间状语时，不用when引导；为地点状语时，不用where，而都要使用连词that。 (4) 无论被强调成分为单数还是复数，it后的谓语动词都要用单数，即为It is(was)．..that(who)的形式。

特别提示：但若被强调成分是主语，that (who)后的谓语动词仍需与之保持一致。

把下列句子改为强调句，强调画线部分

①Is Mr.Wang going to give us a talk this evening? ②What you did made a deep impression on us. ③They finished searching the house at four o'clock in the morning．

【答案】

①Is it this evening that Mr.Wang is going to give us a talk？②It was what you did that made a deep impression on us.③It was at four o'clock in the morning that they finished searching the house. 8．hook n.

钩；吊钩

vt.

钩住；迷上

(教材P3)An expedition with the great Sir Ernest Shackleton to the South Pole—I was hooked! 同伟大的欧内斯特·沙克尔顿爵士去南极探险——我被深深迷住了！

Please hang your coat on the hook. 请把你的外衣挂在钩上。

She had managed to hook a wealthy husband. 她成功地嫁到了一位有钱的丈夫。

let/get sb.off the hook hook on hook up to sth. 使/帮某人脱离困境

钩住；追随

(电器)连接；接通

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I am hooked on collecting clocks. 我迷上了收集时钟。

This is a dress that hooks at the back. 这是件从后背用钩扣的连衣裙。

【图形助记】

吊钩

钓鱼

翻译句子

①把你的毛巾挂在那个钩子上。

②检查一下计算机是否与打印机接通。

【答案】

①Hang your towel on that hook.

②Check (whether) the computer is hooked up to the printer. 9．(教材P3)His perseverance won our complete faith in him.他顽强的精神赢得了我们对他的信任。

(1)perseverance n．坚持不懈；毅力；锲而不舍

He is slow to learn, but shows great perseverance. 他学得慢，但是他表现出不屈不挠的毅力。 By perseverance the lame boy learned to swim. 这位跛童靠毅力学会了游泳。

persevere vi.

persevering adj. persevere in/at/with... 坚持不懈；锲而不舍

坚持不懈的；锲而不舍的

坚持……

If you persevere with work, you'll succeed in the end. 你如果把工作坚持下去，最终会取得成功的。

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Despite a number of setbacks，they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon. 虽屡遭挫折，他们仍不断尝试乘气球环游世界。

完成句子

①警察们将竭尽所能使人质获释。

The policemen will their efforts to free the hostages. ②她是一位娴静而锲而不舍的年轻女性。

She is a quiet and . 【答案】

①persevere with

②persevering young woman (2)faith n. 信仰；信任；信心

He has great talent, but he has lost his faith. 他很有天赋，但是他已经丧失了信心。 Love asks faith and faith asks firmness. 爱情要求信任，信任要求坚定。

①have faith in lose faith in ②faithful adj. ③faithfully adv. 信任

对……失去信任

忠实的；忠诚的

忠实地；忠诚地

I still have faith in John despite his shortcomings. 虽然约翰有缺点，我仍然信任他。

A true friend is faithful to the end. 真正的朋友到死都是忠诚的。

完成句子

③I'm delighted to know you (对我如此信赖)．

④He had always been a (忠诚的朋友)．

【答案】

③have such faith in me

④faithful friend 10．give way to 让路；让步；转为

(教材P3)He was always honest with us (as in the advertisement) and never gave way to disappointment. 他总是对我们坦诚相待(像广告中的那样)，从不灰心丧气，从不放弃。

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Don't give way to grief. 不要过度悲伤。

The barren land has given way to green vegetation. 不毛之地已长满葱绿的作物。

give up

give out give back give in give away 放弃

分发；耗尽；发出(光或热) 归还；恢复

屈服；让步

分发；泄露

If Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up？

如果Louis能解决他的问题，我为什么要放弃呢？

完成句子

①洪水来临时琼斯太太并没有害怕。

Mrs.Jones didn't during the flood. ②冬天过去，

春天来到，白天越来越长了。

As winter ， the days began to lengthen. 【答案】

①give way to fears

②gave way to spring 11．(教材P3)Soon Shackleton set out the framework for our life here: no difference in rank or in social status...不久沙克尔顿阐明了我们这里的生活准则：取消级别和社会的差异……

(1)set out出发；开始；装饰；阐明；陈述；移植；设计

He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part. 他开始粉刷整个屋子，可是才刷完前面的那部分。

The wall was set out with pictures. 这墙用字画装饰着。

set about (doing) sth.

set back set down set in 着手(某项工作) 妨碍，阻碍

把……放下来；记下

(气候，季节等)开始

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set off set up 动身，出发；发出，引起

竖起；创立

Once I realized what was wrong, I set about correcting it.我一意识到错误马上就纠正。

The young man has just set up a new national record in high jump.那个小伙子刚创造了全国跳高纪录。

You had better set down your idea before you forget it. 你最好把你的意见写下来，以免忘记。

完成句子

①明天我打算7点动身去上海。

Tomorrow I am going to at 7. ②地震以后，许多高楼又建起来了。

After the earthquake， again. 【答案】

①set off for Shanghai

②many tall buildings were set up (2)rank n. 阶级；等级；军衔；行；列

Each rank has a name.每一个等级都有名称。

Taxis stand in a (taxi) rank waiting to be hired. 出租车排成一列等候乘客。

rank vt.

break ranks fall into ranks keep ranks 位居……；把……分等级

出列，落后

加入行列，排队

保持队形，维持秩序

She ranks high in her class. 她在班上名列前茅。

A bugle blared and a bass voice shouted the command to break ranks.接着便吹起喇叭，同时一个低调的声音发出解散队伍的命令。

完成句子

③The soldier was promoted to (上尉军衔)．

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④People from (各阶层、各阶级)are equal here. ⑤How do you (将汤姆列为……级)as a chess player? 【答案】

③the rank of captain

④all ranks and classes

⑤rank Tom

12．advocate vt. 拥护；提倡；支持

n. 拥护者；提倡者

(教材P3)We who remained on Elephant Island swore that we would do as he advocated: remain optimistic and recover our health before he returned to rescue us. 我们这些留在神象岛等待的人都发誓我们要按他的主张那样去做：在他回来之前保持乐观、恢复健康。

She is a passionate advocate of education reform. 她是一名教育改革的热情拥护者。

advocate sth.提倡……

doing sth.

提倡/主张做……advocate

that­clause 提倡……

Many people advocate building more hospitals. 许多人主张增设医院。 The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors. 报告主张所有的建筑物都应安装烟火探测器。

完成句子

①你主张让所有孩子直到十六岁一直待在学校吗？

Do you all children at school till the age of sixteen? ②工会不提倡用暴力使得工资提高。

The union to get pay raised. 【答案】

①advocate keeping

②doesn't advocate the use of violence

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