Learning about Language优质课教案设计

过去分词做状语的教学设计

长岭二中

董波

学习目标：

1.

熟记过去分词的基本用法

；提升灵活运用能力。

2.

合作探究、归纳过去分词的用法。

3.

激情投入学习

；享受攻克难关的快乐。

【课前预习】

分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。

1.作定语

1）及物动词过去分词既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词过去分词，只表完成。

boiled water 开

水、

selected apples 精选

苹果、spoken English 英语

口语、

iced beer 冰镇

啤酒、cooked food 熟食、

fried chips 炸土豆条；

fallen leaves 落叶、

the risen sun 升起的太阳

2）单个的过去分词作定语时，一般可以放在被修饰词语之前，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。

The excited children didn’t know how to do with themselves.

The meeting held yesterday was very important. 3）过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。

Her daughter ，

brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now.

由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了

。

2.作表语

1）当“人”做主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。

He seemed quite delighted at the idea.

听到这个想法

，他似乎很高兴。

2）过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。比较：

My glasses are broken. 我的眼镜碎了

。(状态) My glasses were broken by my son. 我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了

。(动作) 3. 作宾补

1）过去分词用在表示“致使”含义的动词keep，leave，have，make, get 等的后面。

They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间

。

Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像样破着。

I have had my bike repaired.

我让人修了修我的自行车。

I raised my voice to make myself heard.

我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。

2）过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等后面。

We saw the store robbed by two men. The beautiful girl had her hair cut last night. The angry couple are trying to make themselves heard. 3）过去分词用在want，wish，like，expect，order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”这一类动词的后面。

1

The teacher wouldn’t like the problem discussed at the moment. 老师不想此刻讨论这个问题。

I want the suit made to his own measure. 我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做

My parents expected me （to be ）well-prepared for the entrance examination. 4）过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back. 小偷被带进来了，双手被反绑在后面。

With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building ，

his house looks like a beautiful garden. 4. 作状语

1）时间状语

Seen from the hill ，the park looks very beautiful. 从山上看，这个公园非常美丽

。

Don’t speak until spoken to 当别人和你讲话时，你才能讲话。

2）原因状语

Touched by his teacher’s words ，

the boy cried.

这个男孩被老师的话打动了，所以他哭了。

3）条件状语

Given more time ，we could do it much better. 多给我们点时间，我们会做得更好。

4）让步状语

Though warned of the storm ，

the farmers were still working in the fields. 虽然农民们已被告知将有风暴，但他们仍然在地里干活。

5）伴随状语

The teacher entered the classroom ，

followed by a group of his students. 过去分词作状语教学过程

【观察】

观察下列句子中的过去分词在句中做什么状语呢？

（课件展示）

Seen from space, the earth looks like a big blue ball. Moved by the film, he started crying. Heated,

water changes into steam. Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.

The professor went into the courtyard, followed by his wife. 一．过去分词作状语,相当于一个状语从句。例如

When heated（When it is heated）, ice will be changed into water. （时间状语）

Given advice by the famous detective（Since/ As she was given advice by the famous detective）, the young lady was no longer afraid. (原因状语) Given more attention（If they had been given more attention）, the cabbages could have grown better.（条件状语）

Though tired out (Though he was tired out), he still kept working on his plan until it was finished.（让步状语

The hunter left his house, followed by his dog（and he was followed by his dog）.（伴随状语）

2

【重点提示1】

当状语从句的主语与句子的主语一致

，且谓语动词是系动词时，常省略从句主谓语，用过去分词作状语。

If invited, I will go to her party. When heated, water changes its form.

Although tired, he went on working.

【重点提示2】

过去分词短语作状语时，必要时前面可加连词when, if, once, though, unless等，以表明作何种状语

二．过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。反之，则用独立主格结构。例如：

it不可以省略

比较：It

getting dark,

I

left

in

a

hurry (独立主格)

主语不相同，

Caught by the policemen (Since he was caught by the policemen, the thief had to admit his crime.（分词作状语）

主语相同，可以省略逻辑主语

句子改错：Being Sunday, the shops were closed.

答案：Being Sunday 改为It being Sunday 【重点提示3】

过去分词做状语时，其逻辑主语一般情况下通常是句子的主语。但是，过去分词的逻辑主语若不是句子的主语时，通常会将逻辑主语保留。这种结构中过去分词带有自己的逻辑主语。这种现象叫分词的独立结构。只用来做状语表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。

The table set, they began to have lunch. 桌子摆好后

，他们开始吃午饭。（表时间）

All his money gone, he began to look for a job. （表原因）

All things considered, the meeting had to be put off. （表条件）

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （表方式）

He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat .（表伴随）

【重点提示4】

过去分词的独立结构在较口语的问题中还可以用“with/without+名词/代词+过去分词”的结构代替，通常也是表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等。例如：

With the experiments carried out ,we started new studies .（表时间）

With my sister gone, there was nobody to help the old woman .（表原因）

The old gentleman was walking, with his arms folded across his chest .（表方式）

Henry left the classroom, without a word spoke. （表伴随）

练习用过去分词作状语来改写句子。

1）.

As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

→

_______________________ , I was unsettled for the first few days. 2）.

If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

→

_________ , he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 3）

．As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

→

______________________________, I was hit by the lack of fresh air. 答案：1）Worried about the journey.

3

2) Given time.

3) Confused by the new surrounding. 三. 结论：过去分词有三大特点：

1）.

表示被动的动作；

2）.

表示已经完成的动作, 因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动

Left alone at home （Although he was left alone at home）, Sam did not feel afraid at all.

（分词作状语）

3）.有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。

moved/pleased/disappointed/worried…

be dressed in

be lost in 沉浸在

be devoted to 致力于

be supposed to 应该

be located in 位

于

be buried in 专心于

be faced with 面

对

练习题

：

1. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, ________ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake. (2010福建卷

第25题)

A. sending

B. to send

C. having sent

D. to have sent 2. In April, thousands of holidaymakers remained _______ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. (2010 福建卷

第34题)

A. sticking

B. stuck

C. to be stuck

D. to have stuck 3. Mrs. White showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.

(2010全国卷

第27题)

A. to borrow

B. to be borrowed

C. borrowed

D. borrowing

4. Though ________ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome. (2010全国卷Ⅱ

第11题)

A. surprising

B. was surprised

C. surprised

D. being surprised

5. _______ at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.

(2010北京卷

第21题)

A. Looking

B. Look

C. To look

D. Looked

6. Alexander tried to get his work ________ in the medical circles. (2010 辽宁卷

第35题)

A. to recognize

B. recognizing

C. recognize

D. recognized

7. The lawyer listened with full attention, _________ to miss any point. (2010四川卷

第17题)

A. not trying

B. trying not

C. to try not

D. not to try

8. His first book _______ next month is based on a true story. (2010陕西卷

第19题)

A. published

B. to be published

C. to publish

D.being published

9. Listen! Do you hear someone ______ for help? (2010湖南卷

第21题)

A. calling

B. call C. to call

D. called

10. ______ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. (2010陕西卷

第16题)

A. Seen

B. Seeing

C. Having seen

D. To see

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