Learning about Language优秀教学设计

过去分词做状语

学习目标: 1. 熟记过去分词的基本用法；提升灵活运用能力。

2. 合作探究、大胆质疑；归纳过去分词的用法。

3. 激情投入学习；享受攻克难关的快乐。

课前预习:

分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等。

分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。

过去分词有三大特点：

1）. 表示被动的动作；

2）. 表示已经完成的动作, 因此,当过去分词作状语的时候一定要搞清楚分词与主语的逻辑关系－－被动

Left alone at home（Although he was left alone at home）, Sam did not feel afraid at all. （分词作状语）

3）.有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时不表动作而表状态。boiled water开水、selected apples 精选苹果、spoken English英语口语、

iced beer冰镇啤酒、cooked food熟食、fried chips炸土豆条；

fallen leaves落叶、

the risen sun升起的太阳，moved/pleased/disappointed/worried，

be dressed in，

be lost in沉浸在

be devoted to 致力于，

be supposed to 应该，

be located in位于，

be buried in专心于，

be faced with 面对

观察：

观察下列句子中的过去分词在句中做什么状语呢？

（课件展示）

1.Born in a poor family, he had only two yeas of schooling.

2.Looked at from a distance, the hills resemble a sleeping woman. 3.Given another chance , he will do better.

4.The hunter left his house, followed by his dog 5.Although tired, he went on working.

答案：过去分词作状语1.原因状语

2.时间状语3.条件状语

4.伴随状语

5.让步状语

总结：过去分词作状语

过去分词(短语)作状语时，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。过去分词(短语)作状语一般都用逗号同其它成分隔开。

1.作时间状语时，可转换为when或while等引导的从句，通常放在句首。

Seen from the top of the hill (= When it is seen from the top of the hill), the school looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这个学校像个大花园。

2.作条件状语时，可转换为once, if或unless等引导的从句，一般放在句首。

Given more attention (= If it was given more attention), the fire could have been avoided. 如果多注意一些，这场大火本来能避免的。

3.作原因状语时，可转换为because, as或since等引导的从句，多放在句首。

Encouraged (= As she was encouraged) by the teacher, the girl was very happy. 由于被老师鼓励，这个女孩儿非常高兴。

4.作让步状语时，可转换为though, although或even if引导的从句，常放在句首。

Left (= Although she was left) alone at home, Jenny didn’t feel afraid at all.

尽管被单独留在家里，但是珍妮一点都不害怕。

5.作方式或伴随状语时，常可转换为并列分句，可位于句首或句末。

Surrounded by his students, the teacher went into the lab. (= The teacher was surrounded by his students and he went into the lab.) 这个老师被学生们环绕着走进了实验室。

6.过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带连词when, while, if, though, as if, unless等。

When given a physical examination, you should keep calm. 做体检的时候，你应该保持镇静。

【重点提示1】

当状语从句的主语与句子的主语一致，且谓语动词是系动词时，常省略从句主谓语，用过去分词作状语。

If invited, I will go to her party. When heated, water changes its form. Although tired, he went on working.

【重点提示2】

过去分词短语作状语时，必要时前面可加连词when, if, once, though, unless等，以表明作何种状语

提升训练

GROUP 1

A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D. Being seen

1._______ from the top of the hill, the city was very beautiful.

2._______ from the top of the hill, we managed to get to the summit(顶点）.

3._______ from the top of the hill ,we found the city very beautiful.

GROUP 2

A. Compare B. Compared C. Comparing D. To compare

1. _______ the two countries, you will find they are similar in many ways. 2._______ the two countries, and you will find they are similar in many ways.

3._______ with English, Chinese has more learners.

答案：Group1 ：1.A 2. C 3. B

Group2 ：1.C 2.A 3. B

【重点提示3】

过去分词做状语时，其逻辑主语一般情况下通常是句子的主语。但是，过去分词的逻辑主语若不是句子的主语时，通常会将逻辑主语保留。这种结构中过去分词带有自己的逻辑主语。这种现象叫分词的独立主格结构。只用来做状语表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况。

The table set, they began to have lunch. 桌子摆好后，他们开始吃午饭。（表时间）

All his money gone, he began to look for a job. 所有的钱用光了，他就开始找工作。（表原因）

All things considered, the meeting had to be put off. 如果全面考虑，会议不得不推迟。（表条件）

He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. 他躺在草地上，头枕着双手。（表方式）

He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他满脸是汗地跑进屋里。（表伴随）

练习用过去分词作状语来改写句子。

1）. As I was worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.

→ _______________________ , I was unsettled for the first few days.

2）. If he is given time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

→ _________ , he’ll make a first-class tennis player.

3）

．As I was confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

→ ______________________________, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.

答案：1）Worried about the journey. 2) Given time.

3) Confused by the new surrounding.

【易混辨析】

现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别：

现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别就在于两者与所修饰的主语在逻辑上是主动还是被动关系。

1.现在分词作状语时，现在分词表示的动作与主语之间在逻辑上是主动关系。

Not knowing what to do, he asked his good friend for help.

由于不知道要做什么，他向他的好朋友求助。

2.过去分词作状语时，主语是过去分词动作的承受者，它们之间是被动关系。

Given more attention, the flowers could have grown better.

如果给予更多关注，这些花本能长得更好的。

巩固练习

1. ______(lose) in thought, he almost knocked into the big tree in front of him.

2. Time, _______(use)correctly, is money in the bank.

3. _______(offer) an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous.

4. ______(seen)from the moon, our earth with water ______(cover)seventy percent of its surface, appears as a blue ball.

5. Some people against tollbooths (收费亭) argue that roads, once ______(build), should be free. 高手过招

1. The computer centre, ___ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.

A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened

2. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written

3. What’s the language ___ in Germany?

A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak

4. The Olympic Games, ___ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing

5 ._____ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farms.

A. Attracting B. Attracted C. To be attracted D. Having attracted

答案：1.D 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A