Warming up、Pre-reading、Reading、Comprehending第二课时教案

Section_ⅡWarming Up & Reading — Language Points

1．competent adj.有能力的；能胜任的

If you want to learn English, you must first find a competent teacher. 如果你想学习英文，你必须先找一位称职的教师。

for sth.be competentto do sth.

有能力做某事；

能胜任某项工作能力；胜任

competence n．

He is competent for this job. 他适合做这项工作。

He’s not competent to look after young children. 他不能胜任照看小孩的工作。

[即境活用1]

用competent的适当形式填空

(1)You can gain a high level of competence in English. (2)Make sure the company is competent to carry out the work. 2．digest (1)vt.消化

Humans can not digest plants such as grass. 人不能消化像草一样的植物。

(2)vt.领会；领悟；理解

You should digest what he said. 你应该理解他说的话。

(3)n.文摘；摘要

I read only the digest of this novel. 我只读了这部小说的摘要。

digestion n．

digestible adj. 消化；消化能力

易消化的；可领会的

I did a little exercise to help my digestion. 我做了一点运动来帮助消化。

[即境活用2]

翻译句子

仔细阅读，你就会领会这篇文摘中的要点。

Read_carefully_and_you_will_digest_the_important_points_of_the_digest. 3．beneath (1)prep.在……之下；在……掩盖下；在……下面(或底下) The earth lay beneath a blanket of snow. 大地被厚厚的白雪覆盖。

(2)adv.在下方；在底下

They live on the floor beneath. 他们住在楼下。

under, beneath, below

[即境活用3]

用under，below，beneath填空

(1)The boy crawled under the fence. (2)From the top of the mountain we could see a lake below us. (3)The ground beneath my feet was soft. 4．adopt vt.

(1)采用

They adopted our methods. 他们采用了我们的办法。

(2)收养

They adopted a neighbor’s child. 他们收养了邻居的一个孩子。

(3)正式通过；接受

The resolution was adopted by a vote of 180 in favour to 10 against it. 决议案以180票赞成10票反对获得通过。

温馨提示：adapt(改编；使适应)与adopt仅有一个字母之差，要注意它们含义的区别。

[助记] The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan. After a few months, the child came to adapt to his new life. 这对年轻夫妇没有亲生孩子，领养了一名孤儿。几个月过后，这个孩子渐渐适应了他的新生活。

[即境活用4]

选词填空：adapt， adopt (1)The old couple decided to adopt a boy and a girl though they had three of their own. (2)The children couldn’t adapt themselves to the bad conditions. 5．frequent adj.时常的；常来的；屡次的；习惯的

He is a frequent visitor of our family. 他是我们家的常客。

Traffic accidents are frequent on this road. 这条路上经常发生事故。

frequency n．

frequently adv. He frequently visits London. 他经常去伦敦。

[即境活用5]

用frequent的适当形式填空

(1)Sudden rainstorms are frequent on this coast. (2)He goes to the market to buy stamps frequently. (3)Accidents are happening there with increasingfrequency. 6．assess vt.评定；评估；对……进行估价(at ...)；确定……的数额；评价；评论

My income was assessed at 20,000 dollars. 我的收入被评定为20 000美元。

It’s too early to assess the effects of the new legislation. 要评价新法令的效果现在还为时过早。

assessment n．

评估；估价

What is your assessment of the situation? 你对当前形势评价如何？

[即境活用6]

完成句子

(1)The committee assesses_whether(评定……是否……) a building is worth preserving. (2)Damages were_assessed_at (估计达)＄ 500 billion in the disaster. 7．consult vt.请教；咨询；找……商量；查阅；查看

He consulted his lawyer about it. 他向他的律师请教那件事。

We lost our way and consulted the map. 我们迷了路因而查看地图。

频繁；频率

频繁地；习惯地；经常地

consult, look up (1)consult是向比自己更具权威的词典、参考书、医生、律师等请教咨询。

(2)look up后跟所查的字、词、信息、电话号码等；然后跟查阅的工具书等。

a dictionary查阅词典consulta teacher请教老师

[即境活用7]

完成句子

He consulted (查阅) his dictionary to look_up (查阅) the word “apotheosis”．

1．apply to适合；对……适用

This traffic rule applies to all the drivers. 这条交通规则适用于所有的司机。

apply sth.to sth.

apply (to sb.) for sth. 把……应用于…… 把……涂抹在……上

(向某人)申请某物

apply oneself to (doing) sth. 专注于……

We should apply what we have learned at school to daily life. 我们应该将我们在学校学到的知识应用到日常生活中。

He wants to apply to the company for a job as a salesman. 他想向这家公司申请一份售货员的工作。

The professor is applying himself to doing an experiment. 这位教授正聚精会神地做一项实验。

[即境活用8]

单句改错

(1)He is applying to a position in the local government. to→for

(2)The worker is applying the paint on the wall. on→to

2．up to (1)(数量、程度)达到

The wind speed last night was up to 150 meters a minute. 昨晚的风速达到了每分钟150米。

(2)从事于；忙于

What are you up to now? 你现在在做什么？

(3)该由……；轮到……

It is up to us to give them all the help we can. 我们有责任全力帮助他们。

(4)直到

I didn’t hear from him up to now. 直到现在我还未收到他的来信。

[即境活用9]

完成句子

(1)—What do you want to do next？We have half an hour until the basketball game. —It’s_up_to_you (你决定吧)．Whatever you want to do is fine with me. (2)Then what happens in the future is up_to_us (取决于我们) to plan and talk about. (3)After a few weeks’ trial, he was shifted to another department. As he was_not_up_to (不胜任) the work that had been given him. 3．in detail详细地

Give me all the details of the accident — tell me what happened in detail. 给我说说事故发生的详情，详细告诉我发生了什么事。

It is worthwhile dealing with this in some detail. 值得对此事进行较为详细的论述。

detailed adj.

a detailed plan “in＋名词”结构小结：

(1)下列“in＋名词”短语在句中常作表语、定语或补足语

详细的；仔细的

详细的计划

in battle 在战斗中 in prison 在坐牢in danger 在危险中 in order 井然有序in common 共有 in doubt 感到怀疑in sight 在视线之内 in debt 负债in trouble 处于麻烦中(2)下列“in＋名词”短语在句中常作状语

in hospital 在住院

in use

在使用中

in general 大体上(＝generally)in peace 和平地(＝peacefully)in secret 秘密地(＝secretly)惊奇地(＝surprisedly)in surprise in public 公开地(＝publicly)in person 亲自(＝personally)in particular 特别地(＝particularly)in place 在适当的位置；在通常的位置[即境活用10]

完成句子

in store

储藏着；准备着

(1)Don’t talk about it in_detail (详细地). Just tell me the result in brief. (2)He asked the press to apologize to him in_public (公开地)．

(3)We’ll try our best to help those in_trouble (处于困境中)．

(4)The twins have nothing in_common (共有)．

(5)It is said that the tiger is in_danger (在危险中)．

4．glance at粗略地看一下；一瞥；瞥视

The girl glanced at the letter from her parents. 那个女孩匆匆阅读了她父母的来信。

stare at

glare at 盯着看……

怒视……

My brother was glaring at the dog. 我弟弟瞪着那条狗。

It’s rude to stare at other people. 盯着别人看是不礼貌的。

[即境活用11]

用glance，glare，stare的适当形式填空

(1)On his way to work, he glanced at his watch. (2)It is impolite to stare at a stranger. (3)They didn’t fight, but stood there glaring at one another.

1．It_is_the_same_with reading. 阅读也同样如此。

(1)It is/was the same with ...表示前面的情况也适合于另一者，尤其是在前面说了两种以上的情况的时候，就常用此句式，也可以用“So it is/was with＋另一者”。

—Tom likes singing, but he doesn’t enjoy dancing.

汤姆喜欢唱歌，但他不喜欢跳舞。

—It is the same with Mary.(＝So it is with Mary.) 玛丽也是如此。

—The old man has been living in the country and has never been to a city. 那位老人一直住在乡下，从来没有去过城里。

—It is the same with his wife. (＝So it is with his wife.) 他妻子也是如此。

(2)如果是一种肯定的情况也适用于另一者，则用“so＋助动词＋主语”。

—He lived here three years ago. 他三年前住在这儿。

—So did she. 她也一样。

(3)如果是否定的情况也适用于另一者，则用“neither/nor＋助动词＋主语”。

—I didn’t pass the exam last time. 上次我考试没及格。

—Neither/Nor did I. 我也是。

[即境活用12]

完成句子

(1)—I can not sing the English song. —Neither/Nor_can_I (我也不会)．

(2)—I like reading novels, but I don’t read every day. —So_it_is_with_my_brother/It_is_the_same_with_my_brother (我弟弟也是如此)．

(3)He went to the party and so_did_his_girlfriend (他女朋友也去了)．

2．This_is_why there are pre­reading activities before many of the reading texts in this book. 这也是为什么本书许多阅读课文前有预读活动的原因。

This is why ...这就是……的原因，why引导表语从句，表示由上文的原因而导致的结果。

Mary broke the school rules; that was why she was punished by the headmaster. 玛丽违反了学校的规章制度；那就是她受到了校长惩罚的原因。

He was ill; that was why he was late for class. 他病了；那就是他上课迟到的原因。

“That/This is/was why＋从句”与“That/This is/was because＋从句”的区别：

(1)如果用来说明前面情况所产生的结果，就用“That/This is/was why＋从句”，相当于连词so的作用。

(2)如果用来说明前面情况的原因，就用“That/This is/was because＋从句”。

—Why hasn’t Jane been speaking to me for days? 简这些日子为什么不和我说话？

—It was because you spoke ill of her behind her back. 那是因为你在背后说了她的坏话。

It was raining heavily at that time.That was why we got there so late. 那时正下着大雨，那就是我们那么迟才到达那里的原因。

温馨提示：the reason (why ...) is that ...表示“(……)的理由是……”，that引导表语从句，一般不能省略，而且也不用because或why代替。

[即境活用13]

用适当的连接词填空

(1)I don’t buy the dress.That’s because it didn’t suit me. (2)I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I got wet through. 3．Supposing you had just bought a new DVD player.

假设你刚买了一台DVD播放器。

supposing＝suppose conj.假如，假使……

Supposing/Suppose the experiment fails, we’ll suffer from a great loss. 假如实验失败了，我们将遭受很大的损失。

Suppose a company has a new breakfast cereal that it wants to sell. 假设有个公司想出售一种新的早餐麦片粥。

(1)suppose vt.推想；猜想vi.料想

suppose＋that­clause

猜想，认为……

to do sth.suppose＋宾语＋宾补形容词 猜想，认为……

介词短语(2)I suppose so. 我认为是这样。

I don’t suppose so.＝I suppose not. 我不这么认为。

(3)be supposed to do应该做

be supposed to have done理应做过某事(但可能没做，含有虚拟意味) We supposed him (to be) dead. 我们猜想他是死了。

I don’t suppose he will come here. 我想他不会到这儿来。

We are not supposed to play football at this time. 我们不该在这个时间踢足球。

[即境活用14]

完成句子

(1)Supposing/Suppose_it_rains_tomorrow (假使明天下雨), what shall we do? (2)Customers are_not_supposed_to_smoke (不该抽烟) here. (3)Jack is_supposed_to_have_done/finished (应当完成了) his work now.

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1．Do you know the recipe for pizza? 2．The circle is about four inches in diameter (直径)．

3．It is an English movie with Chinese captions. 4．What criteria are used for assessing (评估) a student’s ability? 5．You’d better go home to see your parents frequently. 6．It’s about minus 12 degrees centigrade(摄氏度) outside. 7．This kind of food is difficult to digest (消化)．

8．He is not his own son, but an adopted son. Ⅱ.选词填空

in detail， up to， apply to， glance at， agree with 1．The climate here doesn’t agree_with her. 2．The witness told the police about the accident in_detail. 3．He glanced_at me and passed by without saying anything. 4．It is reported that the earthquake was up_to 8.0 scales. 5．The theory doesn’t apply_to every case. Ⅲ.完成句子

1．Supposing/Suppose_it_snows (假如下雪), what’s to be done? 2．It’s_a_good_idea (是个好主意) to be a volunteer during the vacation. 3．New technology is_being_applied_to (应用于……) almost every industrial process. 4．Please keep_in_mind (记住) that knowledge is power. 5．Learning_the_correct_techniques (学习正确的技巧) can also improve your performance. Ⅳ.句型转换

1．That is the reason why he is often late. That’s why_he_is_often_late. 2．The way the text is organized is very common. The way that/in_which the text is organized is very common. 3．It_was_good_manners

4．Be careful to choose the texts you’ll practise with. Be careful to choose the texts with_which you will practise. 5．He fell asleep while he was reading. While_reading,_he fell asleep. Ⅴ.阅读理解

A When he was young, Hitchcock, the world­famous film director, once traveled in the mountainous areas of Scotland and got lost.At last he saw a light in the distance and struggled along tiredly toward it. There was a cottage.Hitchcock knocked at the door and when it opened, he told the owner of the situation he was in, hoping to stay overnight in the house.But the owner said, “This is not an inn.Why should I let you stay overnight？”

Calmly, the visitor smiled, “I’ll prove it’s an inn with only three questions.”

The owner didn’t believe him, “If you can persuade me with your questions and I’m contented, I’ll let you stay free of charge.”

The first question Hitchcock put to him was：“Who had lived here before you moved in？”

The owner answered immediately, “My father.”

The second question was：“Then who was it that lived here before your father？”

The owner’s reply came fast as the first：“Of course it was my grandpa.”

Hitchcock continued to ask, “Who will be the owner of the house when you unfortunately pass away？”

The owner said, “My son！”

At this moment the visitor smiled again, “That’s it.You stay here temporarily.Like me, you are also a passer­by.”

Thus Hitchcock finally persuaded the owner of the house and was permitted to stay.He enjoyed a good sleep there.

1．Why did Hitchcock have to ask for a night stay? A．He lost his way. B．He was too tired to go any further. C．It was too late to go on. D．He liked the cottage there. 解析：选A 细节理解题。第一段的第一句“...once traveled in the mountainous areas of Scotland and got lost.”。

2．The author mentioned the writer’s father, grandfather and son in order to ________. A．prove the cottage was actually an inn B．show they were similar to him C．tell the owner that the cottage must be an inn D．to prove they were friendly to him 解析：选A 细节判断题。根据第二、三段两人的对话可得出答案。

3．The underlined phrase “pass away” probably has the same meaning as ________.

A．go by

B．pass by C．die D．be lost 解析：选C 词义猜测题。由下句儿子会住在这里可知pass away 指的是去世。

4．What did Hitchcock use to persuade the owner of the cottage to let him stay for the night? A．Good manners. C．Questions. B．Wisdom. D．Careful observation. 解析：选B 推理判断题。由故事内容可知Hitchcock当然是用自己的智慧了。

B

“A photograph that one has taken of oneself, typically with a smart phone or webcam and uploaded to a social media website” is the definition of “selfie” in the Oxford

English

Dictionary. In fact, it wasn’t even in the dictionary until August of 2013. It earned its place there because people are now so obsessed with (对……痴迷) selfies — we take them when we try on a new hat, play with our pets or when we meet a friend whom we haven’t seen in a while. But is there any scientific explanation for this obsession? Well, you should probably ask James Kilner, a neuroscientist (神经系统科学家) at University College London. Through our lifetime we become experts at recognizing and interpreting other

people’s faces and facial expressions. In contrast, according to Kilner, we have a very poor understanding of our own faces since we have little experience of looking at them — we just feel them most of the time. This has been proved in previous studies, according to the BBC. Kilner found that most people chose the more attractive picture. This suggests that we tend to think of ourselves as better­looking than we actually are. To further test how we actually perceive our own faces, Kilner carried out another study. He showed people different versions of their own portrait — the original, one that had been edited to look less attractive and one that was made more attractive —

and asked them to pick the version which they thought looked most like them. They chose the more attractive version. But what does it say about selfies? Well, isn’t that obvious? Selfies give us the power to create a photograph — by taking it from various angles, with different poses, using filters (滤色镜) and so on — that better matches our expectations with our actual faces. “You suddenly have control in a way that you don’t have in non­virtual (非虚拟的) interactions，” Kilner told the Canada­based CTV News. Selfies allow you “to keep taking pictures until you manage to take one you’re happy with”， he explained. 语篇解读：本文是一篇研究报告。分析了人们喜欢自拍的原因。

5．The underlined word “perceive” in Paragraph 5 can be replaced by “________”．

A．interpret

C．choose

B．beautify D．explain 解析：选A 词义猜测题。根据语境可知，大多数人选择的是更有魅力的照片，这表明我们都喜欢把自己想象得比实际更漂亮一些。为了进一步测试我们实际上如何“认知”自己的脸部，Kilner又进行了另一项研究，即把不同的照片进行编辑，一张忠实于本人，一张更具魅力，他们往往会选择后者。此处perceive与下文中的“thought”相照应，意为“理解，认知”。故A项正确。

6．What did Kilner discover from his researches? A．People interpret others’ facial expressions worse than their own. B．People tend to spend more time looking at their faces than at others’. C．People tend to believe they look more attractive than they actually are. D．People who like taking selfies know more about their facial expressions.

解析：选C 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中的“He showed people ... more attractive version.”可知，人们往往认为自己的容貌要比实际上有魅力得多。故C项正确。

7．According to Kilner, people like taking selfies probably because they think ________. A．it is a good chance to learn more about their actual faces B．it is a way to respond to others’ facial expressions correctly C．it enables them to interact with their friends in social media D．it allows them to satisfy their expectations with their appearances 解析：选D 细节理解题。根据最后两段中的“that better matches our expectations with our actual faces”和“Selfies allow you ’to keep taking pictures until you manage to take one you’re happy with’”可知，自拍能够让我们实际的容貌与期望的一致，即满足对于自我容貌的期待。故D项正确。

8．What is the passage mainly about? A．The definition and fun of taking selfies. B．A study of why people love taking selfies. C．How taking selfies influences people’s daily lives. D．How to interpret people’s facial expressions in their selfies. 解析：选B 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章从不同角度分析了人们喜欢自拍的原因。故B项正确。