Learning about Language设计意图

选修八

Unit4 Learning about language 教学设计

动词的过去分词形式

考点一、动词过去分词的句法功能

句法功能

表语

宾语

补足语

要点归纳

表示状态

及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语，与宾语有逻辑上的被动关系，且表示完成

表示被动或完成，单个分词作定定语

语前置，分词短语则后置，常可改写为定语从句

He is an unexpected visitor.

They were the guests invited by my parents.

I'd like to see the plan carried out.

典例

The door was broken.

与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系，表完成，没有一定的时间性

Locked up, he had no way to escape.

状语

Given more time, we could do it much better.(条件)

分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可用“连词＋分词”结构

The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students.(伴随)

When taken, the medicine must be shaken.(时间)

考点二、动词过去分词的几个注意事项

注意事项

1.不及物动词的ed形式一般只表示“完成”，没有被动意义

2.只表示“被动”，不表示“完成”。这是某些及物动词的一种用法

3.动词的ed形式表示“被动、完成”，表示一个被动的动作已经完成。这是及物动词最常见的用法

典句例示

developed areas＝areas that have developed

Seen from the top of the building, the park is more beautiful. 从楼顶上看去，这公园更加美丽。

Bitten by a dog, she is afraid to go out at night. 被狗咬了以后，她很害怕在夜间外出。

4.注意下列句式

(1)have sth. done＝get sth. done 使/让某事由别人去做；使遭受

(2)have sb. do sth.＝get sb. to do sth. 使/让/叫某人去做某事

(3)have sb./sth. doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事

get sb./sth. doing 使某人/物开始行动起来

(4)leave sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事

(5)leave sth. undone 留下某事未做

(6)leave sb. to do sth. 留下某人做某事

(7)leave sth. to be done 留下某事要做

①The captain got the soldiers moving towards the front after a short rest. ②I'll have my bike repaired tomorrow. ③Tom had his leg broken while playing football. ④Mother had me go to the shop and buy some salt. ⑤The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn't

taste delicious. ⑥He left, leaving me to do all the work. ⑦We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems to be settled.

三、独立主格结构

非谓语动词作状语时，它的逻辑主语应和句子主语保持一致。但有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句子中作状语，我们称之为独立主格结构。

构成

意义

典例

名词/

代词＋

形容词/副词

表示名词或代词的特征及所处的状态

The meeting over, they went home.

介词短语

表位置

He lay on his back, his hands under his head.

现在分词

表主动，进行

Weather permitting, we'll go out for a walk.

过去分词

表被动，完成

The test finished, we began our holiday.

不定式

表将来，通常作原因状语

An important lecture to be given tomorrow(＝As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night.

形容词/副词

介词短语

with＋名词/代词＋

表状态

He went to sleep with lights on.

表位置

He came out of the library, with a large book under his arm.

现在分词

表主动或进行

表被动或完成

表将来

They pretended to be working all night with their lights burning.

过去分词

With water heated, we can see the steam.

不定式

I can't go out to play with so much homework to do.

[对点训练] 一、根据汉语意思完成下列句子

1．(2013•安徽合肥二模)______________________ by QQ online, a face­to­face interview in person can provide people with more reliable details. 与在QQ上进行网上面试相比，面对面的亲自面试可以提供给人们更多可靠的细节。

2．(2013•山东日照二模)The soldiers were sent to the earthquake­stricken area immediately afterwards to save the people ______________________. 随后士兵立刻被派往地震灾区去拯救那些被困在废墟里的人们。

3．(2014•安徽江南十校联考)—I ____________________ that your application has not been successful. —Not successful? I performed pretty well in my interview! ——我很遗憾地通知你你的申请没有成功。

——没成功？在面试中我表现得很出色呀！

4．(2014•河北石家庄教学质检Ⅱ)The man went to bed, ______________________________，

he found his shoes still on. 那个人醉醺醺地倒头便睡。当他醒来时发现自己还穿着鞋子。

5．(2014•辽宁大连双基测试)________________________，

we arrived at the station.

还有5分钟，最后一列火车就要出站了，这时我们到达了车站。

6．(2014•东北三省四市调研协作体二次调研)We had __________________________，

for we could deal with the case all by ourselves. 我们没让别人帮助我们，因为我们能够独自处理这件事。

7．(2014•浙江衢州考前检测)The weather in Quzhou is rather cold in winter, especially __________________________. 衢州的冬天是相当冷的，尤其是把它和我的家乡的气候相比较的时候。

8．(2014•福建毕业班质检)It is said that sixty percent of all energy ________________________ is being lost as waste heat. 据说现在世界上被生产的所有的能源中有百分之六十都被作为余热丢失掉了。

9．(2013•江苏盐城3月二模)Members of the media __________________________________ should make themselves familiar with the guidance provided in this section. 试图采访皇家新闻的媒体成员应该对这个部位提供的指导非常熟悉。

10．(2014•四川成都二次诊断)_________________________ assigned by the school, the students have to work at it till midnight. 为了完成校方留的所有作业，那些学生们不得不做到半夜。

二、用括号内给出单词的适当形式填空

1．(2014•上饶模拟)I wish that the elderly would live in comfort without worry or health problems in the years ________.(leave) 我希望那些上了年纪的人在他们的有生之年无忧无虑，健健康康。

2．—I don't think it's ________ to the ceiling very securely. —Don't worry. It won't ________.(fix; drop) ——我认为它没有被安全地固定在天花板上。

——别担心。它不会掉的。

3．(2014•石家庄模拟)Mary received an invitation to the Christmas party, but with her homework ________，

she refused it unwillingly.(finish) 玛丽收到了去参加圣诞晚会的邀请，但是由于作业没完成，她很不情愿地拒绝了。

4．(2014•吉林模拟)I think it is a great honor ________ to visit your country.(invite) 我认为受到邀请去访问你们国家是极高的荣耀。

5．(2014•兖州模拟)Qin Shi Huang's underground palace is reported ________ in China, which attracts nationwide attention.(find) 据报道秦始皇的地下宫殿已经在中国被发现，这件事引起了全国范围的关注。

6．(2014•郑州模拟)Shanghai Disneyland Park, ________ in 2015, will attract tourists from all over China then.(complete) 将于2015年完工的上海迪斯尼公园届时会吸引来自全中国的游客。