Using LanguageⅡ多媒体教学设计及其点评

Unit1 Grammar Direct speech and Indirect speech (直接引语和间接引语)

一、教学内容

本节课是人教新课标必修1 Unit1语法――直接引语和间接引语

二、教学目标

1、理解直接引语和间接引语的概念。

2、理解和掌握直接引语和间接引语转换时人称、时间和时态的变化特点。

三、教学重点和难点

直接引语变间接引语人称，时间，时态和地点状语的变化规则。

四、教具准备

The multimedia and other normal teaching tools

Teaching procedures(教学过程) Step 1 Lead_in Teacher shows the example of direct speech and indirect speech , and then ask students to discover the difference of two sentences Eg:“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary，said Anne. Anne said that she did not want to set down a series of facts in a diary. Step2 引语的概念

直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语，直接引语通常都用引号“

”

括起来。

用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫间接引语，间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从。

Step3 直接引语和变间接引语方法

At this step, the most important thing for teacher is to explain how to exchange direct speech and indirect speech in declarative sentence. 1.不要逗号、冒号、引号。

2.要考虑到人称的变化。（人称变化与汉语一致）

3.要考虑时态的变化/语序的变化

4.要考虑时间状语、地点状语和指示代词、特定动词的变化。

Step4变人称

口诀：一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新。

(1)“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：

She said. "My brother wants to go shopping with me. ”

→She said her brother wanted to go shopping with her. (2)“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：

He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?”

→He asked Kate how her sister was then. (3)“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：

Mr Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”

→Mr Smith said Jack was a good boy. Step5变时态

(1) 如果主句谓语动词为一般现在时或一般将来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语的原来时态。

1.He says, “I’m very busy today.”

He says (that) he is very busy today. 2.He will say, “I have watered the flowers.”

He will say (that)he has watered the flowers. (2) 如主句谓语动词为过去时，则间接引语中的动词应由现在的某种时态变为相应的过去某种时态

1) 一般现在时→一般过去时态；

She said: “ I am a student. ”

→

She said (that) she was a student. 2)一般将来时→过去将来时

She said, "He will go to see his friend.”

→She said he would go to see his friend。

Tom said, “ I am going to play basketball tomorrow.”

→

Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 现在进行时→过去进行时；

She said ,“I am reading a book.”

→She said she was reading a book. 4) 一般过去时→过去完成时

5) 现在完成时→过去完成时

注意：以下几种情况时态

不变

①直接引语是客观真理,自然现象,科学原理。

The teacher said "The earth moves around the sun .”

→

The teacher said me the earth moves around the sun earth. The sun rises in the east. My father told me.

→

My father told me that the sun rises in the east. ②直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：

Jack said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980."

→Jack said he was born on April 21, 1980. ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式不再变（例：could, should, would, might）

The doctor said, “You should stay in bed for 2 days.”

→

The doctor said I should stay in bed for 2 days.”

Peter said. "You had better come here today."

→Peter said I had better go there that day. Step6变状语

直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”

（例：now变为then, yesterday变为

the day before ,today变为

that day）

He said, ”I want to go swimming now. ”

→

He said he wanted to go swimming then. 地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，

here 变

there

The teacher said ,“ You should come here at 7:00.”

→The teacher said I should go there at 7:00. 指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”

例：this 改为that

He said, "This books is mine.“

→He said that book

was his. 注意：

如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come 不必改为go。如果在当天转述，yesterday\tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。

Step7 变句型

(1)直接引语是疑问句，变间接引语时，要从疑问语序变为陈述语序。

(2)直接引语是一般疑问句,变为间接引语时,用连词

if 或

whether 连接。

(3)直接引语是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词作连词来引导。

He asked, “Are you a doctor, John?”

→He asked John if\whether he was a doctor. She asked us, “Where are you going to get off?”

→She asked us where we were going to get off. He asked them, “Who gave you a talk yesterday?”

→He asked them who had given them a talk the day before. (4)直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order , advise等动词的宾语。

The policeman ordered, “Be quiet.”

→The policeman ordered us to be quiet. The teacher said to the boy ,”Open the window .”

→The teacher told the boy to open the window. 注意：否定句，在动词不定式前加not. “Don’t do that again,”

the teacher said．

→The teacher told me not to do that again．

Step8 Practice练习

一、变人称

1.She said, “Our train will arrive in five minutes.”

She said (that) _______ train would arrive in five minutes. 1.He said, “I’m very busy.”

He said (that) ______ was very busy. 3. She said,“ I like tennis.”

She said that______ liked tennis. 4. He said to Lily,“ you must get up early.”

He told Lily that _______ must get up early. 5. She said to me ,“ They want to help him.”

She told me that _____ wanted to help him. 二、变时态

1. She said, “I will finish the work this morning.”

She said that she_______ _______ the work that morning. 2. He said, “I go there with my friends.”

He said that he______ with his friends. 3. He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”

He said that he_______ ________ her that day.

4. He said, “I will come here this evening.”

He said that he______ go there that evening. 5.The teacher said, “ The sun is bigger than the earth.”

The teacher said that the sun_______ bigger than the earth. 6.My mother said to me, “You should make the bed by yourself.”

My mother said to me that I _________ make the bed by myself. 三、变状语

1.She said, “I’ll

finish the work this morning.”

She said that she would finish the work_______ _______. 2.He said, “These books are mine.”

He said that _______ books were his. 3.He said, “It’s nine o’clock now.”

He said that it was nine o’clock_______.

4.He said, “I haven’t seen her today.”

He said that he hadn’t seen her_______ _______. 5.She said, “I went there yesterday.”

She said that she had gone there _______ ________ _______. 6.She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.”

She said that she would go there _______ ________ _______. 7.She said, “He left 30 minutes ago.”

She told me that he had left 30 minutes ________. 8.She said, “I’ll come here this evening.”

She said that she would______ ______ that evening. 四、变句型

1.He said, “I opened the window this morning.”

He said ______ he opened the window that morning. 2.The girl said, “I

can do my homework myself.”

The girl said ______ she could do her homework herself. 3.The teacher said in class, “The moon moves around the earth.”

The teacher said in class______ the moon ______ around the earth. 4.He asked , “Can you hear me?”

He asked

if/whether I could hear him. 5. “Are you leaving today

or tomorrow?” Joan asked Kate.

Joan asked Kate _______ she was leaving that day or the next day. 6. The teacher asked her, “Why did you come late?”

The teacher asked her _______she_______ late. 7. Robert asked Alice, “Where is my dictionary?”

Robert asked Alice _______ his dictionary ________. 8. Mom said,“

Don’t chat with strangers．”

Mom told me________ _______ chat with strangers. 9. “ Go shopping with me, please?” said Mr. Wang .

Mr. Wang asked me________ ________shopping with him.