Writing教学内容

[技法指导] 电子邮件是通过网络发送的信件，其格式都是由计算机中的电子邮件程序预先设定的，一般只要按部就班就能完成电子邮件的写作。电子邮件的正文内容和格式要求与纸张信件一样，只是发送的方式不同而已。

1．电子邮件的写作模式

(1)日期和地址：由于在发送e-mail时，网络系统本身会显示时间，所以写e-mail时，通常只需要写收信人的电子邮箱地址和主题行。

(2)称呼：空一行顶格写收信人的称呼，前面可以加上dear，以示礼貌，如：Dear Mr. Lee等，其后常用逗号。

(3)正文：e-mail和一般书信一样，有正式与非正式之分。通常因对象的不同，会有语气及用词上的差异。比较正式的电子邮件(如商务信函)的正文，用词要正式，最好不要用比较随便的英语问候语，如：How are you？对于朋友之间的问候电子邮件(如问候信)，语言的使用可以比较随便。

(4)结尾称呼：根据写信者与收信者之间的关系来确定结尾称呼。可用Yours respectfully/Yours truly/Yours sincerely等正规说法，也可以直接署上写信人的姓名。

2．电子邮件的主题及语言

(1)要有一个说明性的、合适的主题。其目的在于让收信者快速地了解电子邮件的主要内容。如：Life in Britain/Congratulations from Wang Hai等。

(2)要用简练的词语。电子邮件的语言主要讲究简洁、真实、准确，如maybe, possible, most of等不确定的表达方法是不宜多用的，但可用一些具体的数目作辅助说明。为了让被描述事物的特征给读者留下具体而深刻的印象，可以用一些生动的词汇或句型来表达。如rather, better than before, only, if you try it ..., when you use it ...等。特别是在一些商务电子邮件中，语言的正确性尤其重要。

黄金表达，教你如何营造亮点

常用的开头语

1．I have been in the United States for a month. 2．Thank you for your letter of Oct. 16th. 3．I have a great pleasure to tell you that ... 4．I have received your message today. 5．How are you getting along with your daily life? 话题引入语

1．If so, please e­mail me in response. 2．As far as I know, ... 3．As to/for your question, ... 4．I wonder how you learnt that ... 5．I'm glad to tell you something about it. 常用的结束语

1．Enjoy a good day & have fun! 2．Please keep in touch with me. 3．With kind/best regards. 4．I'm looking forward to your answer. 5．Please write to me soon and tell me about your ... [写作规范] [题目要求] 假设你是刘伟，你的美国朋友Mike想通过你了解中国的传统节日。请你根据提示，给Mike写一封e-mail，向他介绍我国的传统节日春节的情况。

内容提示：1.春节在中国的重要性；

2．春节期间人们的主要活动(节前、除夕、节日期间)。

注意：1.词数100左右，信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2．可适当发挥，以使行文连贯。

Dear Mike,

How are you?

Best wishes! Yours，

Liu Wei [三步作文法] 第一步：搜索词汇

1．传统的

traditional 2．持续

last 3．对……感兴趣

be_interested_in 4．像；例如

such_as 5．用……装饰

decorate_..._with 6．在……前夕

on_the_eve_of 7．燃放焰火

set_off_fireworks 第二步：由词造句

1．春节在中国是最重要的传统节日，通常持续15天。

①Spring_Festival_is_the_most_important_traditional_holiday_in_China,_and_it_usually_lasts_for_15_days. ②Spring_Festival_is_the_most_important_traditional_holiday_in_China,_which_usually_lasts_for_15_days. 2．在节日前的日子里，人们要打扫房子，他们认为大扫除可以除去坏运气。

①During_the_days_before_the_festival,_people_clean_their_houses._They_think_cleaning_sweeps_any_bad_luck. ②During_the_days_before_the_festival,_people_clean_their_houses_which_they_think_sweeps_any_bad_luck. 第三步：连句成篇

Dear Mike，

How are you? I'm really glad that you are interested in traditional Chinese festivals. There are

many traditional festivals in China, such as Spring Festival, Mid­Autumn Day. I'd like to introduce the Spring Festival to you. Spring Festival is the most important traditional holiday in China, which usually lasts for 15 days. During the days before the festival, people clean their houses. They think cleaning sweeps any bad luck. They decorate their houses with paper cuts. On the eve on the festival, family members get together and have big meals. Then they watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. At midnight, they set off fireworks to welcome the New Year. During the festival, kids get lucky money from old people. People visit their relatives and friends. They wish each a happy year and good luck. How happy we are! Best wishes! Yours，

Liu Wei

[对应学生课时达标训练(四)]

Ⅰ.阅读理解

Doing homework not only can help children master the knowledge they have learned, but also can train their abilities of finishing the work alone, planning the time and doing the duties. But some children don't like to complete the work. Why? There are some reasons. Some children feel it is very difficult to do their homework, because they can't understand their teacher clearly, and can't follow their teacher's teaching process. Maybe there is something wrong with their intelligence．

But some children's intelligence is normal. They are even cleverer, but they don't listen to the teacher carefully. It is hard for them to sit well and pay attention to anything. It needs to carry on the attention centralized (集中注意力) training to help the children. Some children love their teacher and then they like the subject. Their interest depends on the

teacher who teaches them. So every teacher should be helpful and kind. It can make children love you and the subject you teach. So they can do their homework happily. 语篇解读：这篇短文主要介绍了学生不喜欢写作业的原因，一方面是学生听不懂老师讲的内容，另一方面是学生注意力不集中，再就是学生是否喜欢这个老师。

1．Doing homework can help children ________.

A．master the knowledge B．train their abilities C．learn new lessons D．Both A and B 解析：选D

细节理解题。根据短文第一段“Doing homework not only can help children master the knowledge they have learned, but also can train their abilities of finishing the work alone, planning the time and doing the duties.”可知做作业不仅可以掌握知识而且可以训练他们独立完成作业、计划时间、尽责任的能力，故选D。

2．Some children find the homework difficult. Which reason is NOT right?

A．They can't understand their teacher clearly. B．They can't follow their teacher's teaching process. C．The intelligence of all the students isn't normal. D．They don't listen to the teacher carefully. 解析：选C

细节理解题。根据第三段“But some children's intelligence is normal.”可知许多孩子的智力是正常的，故C错误。

3．What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “intelligence”

in Para. 2?

A．作业

B．智商

C．思想

D．方式

解析：选B

词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句意可知：也许他们的智商有问题，故选B。

4．According to the last paragraph, the writer thinks ________ is very important. A．a teacher

B．a subject C．attention

D．homework 解析：选A

推理判断题。根据最后一段可知作者认为老师在学生乐于学习方面很重要，故选A。

Ⅱ.任务型阅读

When I was 16 years old, a boy gave me an important gift. 1.________ It was the early autumn of my first year at a junior high school, and my old school was far away. 2.________ I was very lonely, and afraid to make friends with anyone. Every time I listened to other students talking and laughing, I felt my heart break. I couldn't talk about anyone with my problems. And I didn't want my parents to worry about me. Then one day, my classmates talked happily with their friends, but I sat at my desk unhappily as usual. 3.________ I didn't know who he was. He passed me and then turned back. He looked at me, with a smile on his face. Suddenly, I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel happy, lively and warm 4.________ I started to talk with other students and made friends. Day by day, I became closer to everyone in my class. The boy with the lucky smile has become my best friend now. One day I asked him why he smiled, but he couldn't remember smiling at me! 5.________ I believe that the world is what you think it is. If you think it lonely, you might always be alone. So smile at the world and it will smile back. A．At that moment, a boy entered the classroom. B．He's living in Australia now and he loves it. C．It doesn't matter because all the dark days have gone. D．It was a smile. E．That smile changed my life. F．It's practically impossible to make friends here. G．As a result, no one knew who I was. 1．解析：选D

根据下文内容“He looked at me, with a smile on his face.”他脸上带着笑容，看着我。文章最后一句“So smile at the world and it will smile back.”对世界微笑，世界就会对你微笑。综观全文内容可知“我十六岁的时候，一个男孩给了我一个重要的微笑”。所以下一句应是“它是一个微笑”。故选D。

2．解析：选G

上一句提到：我原来的学校很远。下句：我很孤单，害怕与任何人交朋友。可知我不敢和别人交朋友，说明没有人认识我。故此空选G。

3．解析：选A

根据下文的“I didn't know who he was”可知有一个男孩进入了教室。故选A。

4．解析：选E

根据上文的“It made me feel happy, lively and warm.”空格下一句说的是：

我开始和其他学生谈话、交朋友。所以此处表达的应该是“微笑改变了我的生活”。可知E正确。

5．解析：选C

根据上句：带着幸运微笑的男孩已经变成了我最好的朋友。下句是：我相信这个世界是你认为它是什么。根据上下文可知作者认为一切的黑暗都过去了。所以选C。

Ⅲ.完形填空

A lecturer was giving a lecture to his students on stress (压力) management. He __1__ a glass of water and asked the audience, “How __2__ do you think this glass of water is？”

The students' answers ranged (变化) __3__20g to 500g.

“It does not matter on the absolute __4__. It depends on how__5__ you hold it. If I hold it for a minute, it is OK. If I hold it for a(n)__6__，

I will have a pain in my right arm. If I hold it for a day, you will have to __7__ an ambulance (救护车). It is exactly the __8__ weight, but the longer I hold it, the __9__ it becomes.” The whole audience became silent, lost in thought.

After a moment, the lecturer continued, “__10__we carry our burden (负担) all the time, __11__，

we will not be able to carry on with the burden becoming increasingly heavier, __12__ heavy for us to bear.

“What you have to do is to __13__

the glass, rest for a while __14__ holding it up again.”

As is shown in the story above, we have to put down the burden periodically, __15__ we can be refreshed and are able to carry on.

So before you __16__ home from work tonight, put the burden of __17__down. Don't carry it back __18__. You can pick it up tomorrow.

Whatever burden you are having now on your __19__，

let it down for a moment if you can.

Life is short, __20__ it! 语篇解读：我们在一生中有许多的责任要承担，但是不要让这些责任把我们压垮。一杯水分量不重，但是如果要一直举着，人们就不能承受。同样的道理，背负的负担不大，但是一直压在心头就会让人难以轻松。所以，我们要学会放下负担，享受生活。

1．A.needed

B．drank C．supported

D．raised 解析：选D

考查动词辨析。need“需要”；drink“喝”；support“支持”；raise“举起，提出”。从下文内容“It depends on how________ you hold it.”可知演讲者举起一杯水，

选D。

2．A.sweet

B．pure C．heavy

D．much 解析：选C

考查形容词辨析。sweet“甜的”；pure“纯的”；heavy“重的”；much“许多”。根据下句的回答可知演讲人问一杯水的重量，选C。

3．A.at

B．from C．with

D．between 解析：选B

考查介词辨析。从句意可知人们的猜测从20克到500克不等，range from ... to“从……到……不等”。

4．A.height

B．volume C．weight

D．quantity 解析：选C

考查名词辨析。height“高”；volume“体积”；weight“重量”；quantity“数量”。从后文可知演讲人认为一杯水的重量对于人们能端着的时间没多大关系，选C。

5．A.difficult

B．long C．tight

D．high 解析：选B

考查形容词辨析。difficult“困难的”；long“长的”；tight“紧的”；high“高的”。根据后句“but the longer I hold it”，可知选B。

6．A.hour

B．second C．day

D．half 解析：选A

考查名词辨析。hour“小时”；second“秒”；day“天”；half“一半”。根据下文day 判断演讲人是假设人们举一个小时的杯子，选A。

7．A.call

B．invite C．require

D．ask 解析：选A

考查动词辨析。call“喊，打电话”；invite“邀请”；require“要求”；ask“问”。从语境可知如果端一天杯子，那么就会进医院，所以选A。

8．A.right

B．same C．proper

D．usual 解析：选B

考查形容词辨析。right“正确的，右边的”；same“同样的”；proper“恰当的”；usual“通常的”。从上文可知演讲人是说端同样的杯子，但是时间不同，故选B。

9．A.more

B．lighter C．less

D．heavier 解析：选D

考查形容词辨析。more“更多”；lighter“更轻”；less“更少”；heavier“更重”。本句是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，根据上文内容可知此处是指重量，举杯子的时间越长，杯子就变得越重，选D。

10．A.While

B．Unless C．If

D．Since 解析：选C

考查连词辨析。while“当……时”；unless“除非”；if“如果”；since“自从”。从内容可知演讲人是假设一种情况，选C。

11．A.sooner or later

B．little by little C．now and then

D．sometimes 解析：选A

考查短语辨析。

sooner or later“迟早”；little by little “逐渐地”；now and then“时常”；sometimes“有时”。根据语境可知如果人们一直背负着压力，那么迟早会垮掉，选A。

12．A.rather

B．so C．too

D．quite 解析：选C

考查副词辨析。rather“相当”；so“于是”；too“太”；

quite“相当，非常”。根据上文内容可知此处指压力太大而不能承受，too ... to“太……而不能”，选C。

13．A.put aside

B．put down C．put away

D．put back 解析：选B

考查动词短语辨析。put aside“暂不考虑；储存”；put down“放下”；put away“收起，放好”；put back“放回”。根据空格后面内容可以推断说话人建议人们可以放下杯子，休息后再重新举起，选B。

14．A.by

B．for C．after

D．before 解析：选D

考查介词辨析。by“由，被”；for“为了”；after“在……之后”；before“在……之前”。在重新举起之前休息一下，故选D。

15．A.as if

B．even if C．so that

D．as soon as 解析：选C

考查连词辨析。as if“仿佛，好像”；even if“即使”；so that“为了”；

as soon as“一……就”。从句意可知后句是表示目的，句意：我们要暂时放下负担以便我们能够恢复一下体力。故选C。

16．A.approach

B．clean C．leave

D．return 解析：选D

考查动词辨析。approach“接近”；clean“打扫”；leave“离开”；return“归还，回去(来)”，return home from work“下班回家”，选D。

17．A.task

B．duty C．life

D．work 解析：选D

考查名词辨析。task“任务”；duty“责任”；life“生活，生命”；work“工作”。根据前句“from work”判断作者建议让人们放下工作中的压力，选D。

18．A.company

B．office C．home

D．family 解析：选C

考查名词辨析。company“公司”；office“办公室”；home“家”；family“家庭”。根据上句中home可知是不要把工作带回家，选C。

19．A.body

B．heart C．shoulders

D．hands 解析：选C

考查名词辨析。body“身体”；heart“心脏”；shoulders“肩膀”；hands“手”。句意：不管你现在肩负着什么重担，如果能够的话暂时把它放下。所以选C。

20．A.love

B．like C．do

D．enjoy 解析：选D

考查名词辨析。love“爱”；like“喜欢”；do“做”；enjoy“喜欢”。从上文内容可知演讲者建议人们不要总是背负着重任，要懂得休息，要享受生活，选D。

Ⅳ.语法填空

I am taught by many teachers in my school. Every subject has a 1.________ (differ) teacher, but I like my math teacher 2.________ (well)．Her name is Lakshmi but we usually call her Ma'am. She is our class teacher too. Ma'am 3.________ (join) us last term. She is very kind and her 4.________ of teaching is so interesting and simple that we all can understand what is being taught and how it could be done. Most 5.________(important), Ma'am teaches math with lots of patience. 6.________ we do not understand a problem, she will spend extra time 7.________ (guide) us until we understand it. And

we can go to her at any time during school hours for help. She also helps us with activities at school. When there is some kind of programs, she will be there 8.________(help) us to get ready for the show. Even when we go on picnics, she takes good care of 9.________．

To me, Ma'am is not only 10.________ good teacher, but also our best friend. I love Ma'am and I wish her a happy life. 答案：1.different

2.best

3.joined

4.way

5.importantly

6.If/When

7.guiding

8.to help

9.us

10.a Ⅴ.短文改错

Tom and Dick are next door neighbor who both work in same office.They often walked together to and from work.Once they were walking to home together while it suddenly started to rain.Tom quickly opened his umbrella and said proud，“My wife really has great foresight (先见之明). She said this morning it would rain and tell me to carry my umbrella.”

Dick smiled and walked up to him under the protection of the umbrella, said, “Mine has even great foresight.She didn't let me carry one as she knew you'd share yours to me”．

答案：第一句：neighbor→neighbors；same前面加the 第二句：walked→walk 第三句：去掉第一个to; while→when 第四句：proud→proudly 第五句：tell→told 第六句：said→saying; great→greater 第七句：to→with