Grammar新颖的课程导入教案

Section Ⅳ

Grammar

现在完成时

邻水县丰禾中学

包秀芬

语境领悟

观察下列从Reading and Vocabulary中选取的句子，体会现在完成时的用法。

1．It's been six years since we last saw each other，you know. 2．And this is the first time I've visited your hometown. 3．You know，I've seen quite a lot of China and I've visited some beautiful cities，but this is one of the most attractive places I've been to. 4．My wife's just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there. 5．A friend's told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. 要点精析

一、现在完成时的构成

基本形式：have/has＋动词的过去分词

否定形式：have/has＋not＋动词的过去分词

被动形式：have/has＋been＋动词的过去分词

二、现在完成时的用法

1．表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与recently，before，lately，just，already，yet，so far，up to now，till now，in the past/last ...years，these days等时间状语连用。

—Have you had lunch yet? 你(已经)吃午饭了吗？

—Yes，I have.I've just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了) He has been there three times in the last few years. 近几年他去过那里三次了。

2．表示动作或状态过去已经开始，持续到现在(可能还会继续进行下去)。常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用如：for＋一段时间，since＋过去时间点，since then，ever since，up to now，so far等。

Mr.Wang has worked in this factory since he came to this city. 自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。

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She has taught in the school for ten years. 她在这所学校教书已经10年了。

3．在时间、条件状语从句中可用现在完成时表将来要完成的动作。

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 直到公交车停下才能下车。

He will come as soon as he has finished his work. 他一做完工作就会来。

(1)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：①现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，落脚点是现在。②一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在的情况没有关系。与表示过去的时间状语连用，如

yesterday，last year，in the past，ago等。

He has lived in Beijing for four years. 他在北京住了四年了。(可能继续住下去) He lived in Beijing for four years. 他在北京住过四年。(现在已经不在那里住了) (2)在肯定句中，非延续性动词如come，go，leave，borrow，buy，die，join等的完成时不能与时间段连用，若要接时间段状语，则应换成相应的延续性动词或状态动词。但在否定句中，非延续性动词的完成时可与时间段连用。

I have bought a new car for two weeks.(×) I have had

a new car for two weeks.(√)

我买了这辆新车已经两周了。

三、现在完成时的两个常用句型

1．It is/has been＋一段时间＋since＋一般过去时“自从……以来多久了”

It is/has been two weeks since we arrived here. 自从我们到这里已经有两星期了。

It is/has been three years since he smoked. 他戒烟已有三年了。

2．This/It is the first/second ...time(that)＋现在完成时“这是某人第一/二……次做某事”

It is the third time that I have seen the film. 这是我第三次看这部电影了。

3．在“This/It is the＋adj-est＋名词＋that从句”结构中，that引导的宾语从句要用现在完成时态。

This is the best book that I have read. 这是我看过的最好的书。

语法过关

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

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1．—Ann is in hospital. —Oh，really？I didn't know(not know)．I will go and visit her. 2．My parents have promised(promise)to come to see me before I leave for Africa. 3．I was out of town at the time，so I don't know exactly how it happened(happen)．

4．In the last few years，China has made(make)great achievements in environmental protection. 5．Her grandfather has been dead(dead)for over five years. Ⅱ.单句改错

1．He is the only one of the students that have received the prize.

2．This is the first time I come to Shanghai.

3．I have known her since we are children.

4．It had been six years since I came here.

5．This is the cleverest student that I ever met.

【答案】

1.have→has

2.come前加have

3.are→were

4.had→has

5.ever前加have

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