Grammar教案和课堂实录

省略

在英语中，为了使语言简洁或避免重复，常省略句中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。

一、简单句中的省略

◆陈述自己的意见时，常有一个或几个成分被省略。如：

(It) Looks like rain. (You’d) Better take an umbrella with you.

◆在口语或非正式英语中，疑问句、祈使句中也常常会省略一个或几个成分。如：

(Is there) Anyone wishing to go to the cinema with me tonight? ◆回答他人的问题或对别人的话作出回应时，可以省略重复的成分。如：

—What do you think made Mary so upset?

—Losing her bicycle (made her upset). 二、并列句中的省略

在由并列连词and, but, or等连接的并列句中，后一分句中与前一分句中相同的部分可以省略。如：

My room is on the fifth floor, and hers (is) on the eighth (floor). 三、不定式符号to的省略

为避免重复，不定式常省去前面出现的相同部分，而只保留不定式符号to。但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be, have, have been时，这些词通常要保留。如：

The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to. I’m not an engineer, but I want to be. —Hasn’t he finished writing the report?

—No, but he ought to have. 四、复合句中的省略

◆当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和系动词be可以省略。如：

Shanghai is one of the largest cities in the world, if (it is) not the largest. ◆当状语从句的主语和谓语是it is / was时，it is / was常被省略。如：

The teacher tells us to practice speaking English whenever (it is) possible. ◆在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom, who等常可以省略。如：

He is the man (who / whom / that) you can depend on. ◆当先行词为the way且表示方式时，定语从句用that或in which引导，that或in which常被省略。如：

The way (that / in which) she did things really impressed us. ◆引导宾语从句的that常被省略。如：

We all know (that) light travels much faster than sound.

【即学即练】

I.

将下面句子中可以省去的部分省去。

1. Unless it is necessary, you should not refer to the dictionary.

2. Reading makes a full man; conference makes a ready man; writing makes an exact man.

3. Albert once came to see me, but I don’t remember when he came to see me.

4. —Is your mother a teacher? —No, but she used to be a teacher.

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II. 将划线部分补充完整。

1. When young, Tom studied Russian.

2. —What have you been doing? —Watching TV .

3. —Joe won’t come.

—Why? Is he very busy?

4. —It seems that Jack has learned the truth. —Yes, he seems to have.

5. It is not so hot today as yesterday.

6. —Do you think it will rain? —I guess so.

III. 将下面对话中省略的部分补充完整。

Alex: Have you seen the new girl in school? Ben:

No, I haven’t (1. ________). Alex:

She’s really pretty.

Ben: (2. ________) Describe her to me. Alex:

She’s not too tall.

Ben: Well, how tall (3. ________)? Alex: About five feet even. Ben: What does she look like, though? Alex: She has pretty light brown eyes. Ben: I may know the girl (4. ________) you’re talking about.

Alex: So you have seen her around? Ben: Yes, I have (5. ________). IV. 根据汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词，含缩略式）。

A

Jacob: I’m going to visit an exhibition in the museum. Eve: 1. ________ ________ (和谁) ?

Jacob: 2. ________ ________ ________ (我的朋友迈克).

Eve: Has he arrived already? Jacob: 3.

________ ________ (还没有). Eve: When will he come? Jacob: 4.

________ ________ ________ ________ (大约十分钟后). Will you join us? Eve: 5. ________ ________ ________ (我愿意). But look at the weather. It looks like a shower. Jacob: Yes, somewhat. Let’s take an umbrella.

B Julie: 1. ________ ________ ________ (你的工作完成了吗)?

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Fred: 2. ________ (差不多).

Julie: Let’s go out to take a walk.

Fred: 3. ________ ________ (好主意)!

Julie: Look at the flowers beside the road. Some are yellow and 4. ________ ________ (一些是白色的).

Fred: Yes. I think they can’t grow well 5. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ (除非受到很好的照顾).

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