Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction多媒体教案及点评

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

江苏牛津版高一英语模块4第2单元Grammar导学案

内容：M4 U2 Grammar 课题：Grammar-Modal verb

知识梳理：

A. 特征

特征

情态动词有一定词义，但不完全，不能单独作谓语，须和不带to的动词不定式（ought等除外）一起构成合成谓语；情态动词没有人称和数的变化；情态动词表示可能，能力，允诺，命令，愿望，敢于等情态。

否定形式

过去式

could might 否定形式

例句

couldn’t

He can’t ski./ I couldn’t speak English fluently then.

You mustn’t think only of yourselves. There oughtn’t to be much noise in a library. I won’t do so. 我不愿这样做。

He wouldn’t go to bed before he finished his work. We shouldn’t be so careless. You needn’t go there alone. She daren’t swim in a river. 课时：

1

学习要求：Modal verbs: general introduction, comparisons and relative practice B. 基本形式和否定词not连用时的简略形式

原形

can

can’t may must

must ( had mustn’t to) oughtn’t wouldn’t would ought to oughtn’t ought to will won’t shall need dare shan’t needn’t daren’t should needed dared shouldn’t

C. 情态动词的用法

can /could 的用法：

用法

表示能力

例句

1. My daughter can speak two languages quite well: France and English.

我女儿能流利地讲两种语言：法文和英文。

2. Because he was tired, he couldn’t swim across the river.

因为累了，他不能游过河。

1. If we don’t have a guide, we can lose our way in the forest 假如没有向导，我们有可能在森林里迷路。

2. We have just bought 50kg of rice. We can’t be in short of food.

我们刚买了50公斤大米，我们不可能缺粮。

1. Can you lend me your bike? 你能将自行车借给我吗？

1

表示可能性(推测)

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

表示请求，命令，惊讶等

2. You can bring the calculator tomorrow. 明天你们要带计算器来。

3. How can he be so rude?

他怎能这样无礼?

Could用于疑问句中表示请求，语气比较委婉，但肯定回答时要用can，而不用could.

can 与be able to ---Could you lend me your book? 把你的书借给我好吗？

---Certainly, I can. 当然可以。

2. Could you let me have your pass?

看看你的通行证好吗？

can 和be able to都可以表示能力，但它们的过去式在意义上有点差别，could表示某人过去有某种能力，不明确表示某人干了某事，而was/were able to 则表示过去某人有能力并实际上干了某事。另外，be able to 有更多的时态形式。如：

I was able to (managed to) finish my homework in an hour. 我终于在1小时内做完家庭作业了。

2. Chuck has been able to realize that friendship is about feelings and we must give as much as we take.

查克能够明白这样的道理：友谊就是感情，我们既要得到关爱，又须给与别人同样多的关爱。

may/might的用法：

用法

表示允许和请求

might在语气上更委婉

表示可能性（may 比might可能性大）

用在由so that或

in order that 引导目的状语从句中

表示祝愿

表示让步

例句

1. You may use my camera. 你可以用我的摄像机。

2. May /Might I come in?

我可以进来吗？

1. She may not be free today. 今天她可能没有空。

2. He might come to see you this evening.今晚他可能来看你。

1. She saved her money in order that she might buy a watch. 为了买块手表，她节省钱。

2. I am saving my money so that I may go to Australia next winter. 我正在攒钱，以便明年冬天到澳大利亚去。

1. May you have a good time. 2. May you succeed. Try as he may, he cannot find her. 表示建议（和as well连1. We may as well stay where we are. 用）译为“不妨，倒不如”

2. You may as well consult a dictionary. must 的用法：

用法

例句

表示必须，必要，1. You must come to school early enough for the morning class. mustn’t (must not)

你必须早晨到校上早读课。

表示禁止，不准

2. You mustn’t talk to your father like that. 你不能那样对你父亲讲话。

表示肯定推测,

The old man must be our history teacher.

2

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

“一定”“准是”

后加have done表示对过去的推测

后加be doing表示对现在进行事物的推测

表示推测时否定和疑问须用can

Must与have to 那位老夫子肯定是我们的历史老师。

Mike speaks Chinese very well. He must have studied Chinese before.

迈克的汉语很棒,他以前肯定学过汉语的

She must be waiting for us. 她一定在等着我们。

1. The door is locked; she cannot be at home. 门锁了，她一定不在家。

2. Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？

must 和have to 都可以表示必须，但must 强调说话人的主观看法，而have to强调客观需要。

另外，have to 有多种时态形式。如：

1. We must learn at least a foreign language well. 2. Mother was ill, so I had to look after her at home. 母亲病了，我得在家照顾她。

will/would的用法: 用法

用干各种人称，表示意愿或决心

例句

1. I will do anything my country asks me to do.我决心做祖国需要我做的任何事。

2. Xiao Hong said that she would help me with my maths. 小红说愿意帮我学数学。

1. Will you give this note to Tom as soon as he comes back?

汤姆一回来，你把便条给他，好吗？

2. Would you mind explaining it again? 请你能再解释一遍好吗？

1. Fish will die without water. 没有水鱼就会死。

2. They will have a party every Saturday evening.他们总在周六晚上举行晚会。

3. He would go for a walk every evening when he stayed at the hotel.

当他位住在旅馆的那段时间，他有每天傍晚散步的习惯。

1. I would like to hear your opinions. 我愿意听听你的意见。

2. Would you like to have a chat with me?

你愿不愿意和我一起聊天？

1. He would rather have tea.他较喜欢茶。

2. I would rather not go to the concert.我宁愿不去参加音乐会。

would 和used to 都表示过去的习惯，但used to 表示这种习惯现在已停止，used to 后面可用状态动词或动作动词，而would后只能用动作动词。

1. I used to smoke heavily, but I don’t any more. 我过去烟瘾很重，但现在不抽了。

3

用于第二人称的疑问句，表示征求对方的意见或向对方提出请求。

Would 比will更委婉客气些

will表示现在的某种倾向或习惯。

Would 表示过去习惯发生的动作

Would like “愿意，要”

Would rather “宁愿，较喜欢”

Would与used to

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

2. He would go to see his grandfather on Sunday when he was in middle school. 他中学时星期天常去看望祖父。

3. Ben used to be a heavy smoke.

Ben曾经是一杆老烟枪。

Shall/should 的用法：

用法

Shall用于二、三人称后,表示说话者的意图、许诺、警告、命令、威胁等

Shall用于第三人称后（在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定）

Shall在第一、第三人称的问句中表示征求对方意见

Should（表示义务责任）Should have done“本该做而未作”含责备之意

Should（用于虚拟语气中）“万一”

例句

1. You shall not leave your post.

你不得离开岗位。（命令）

2. You shall see her again before long.

不久你就会见到她。（允诺）

The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st. 新章程自6月1日起施行。

Shall I close the door? 要不要我把门关上？

Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?

我们去看电影好吗？

1. You shouldn’t be so careless.

你不应该这样粗心大意。

2. He should have told me the news earlier. 他本来应该早些告诉我这消息。

1. If he should fail to come, ask Jack to work in his place.

万一他不来，就叫杰克代替他工作。

2. Should it rain tomorrow (或If it should rain tomorrow), the meeting would be postponed. 万一明天下雨，会议就延期。

Should（表示可能性、1. He should have arrived in Beijing by this time. 他这时该到北京了。

2. The report is written after careful investigation, so it should be reliable. 按照常规的推测）

这份报告是经过周密调查写成的，所以该是可靠的。

should（表示惊讶等It is astonishing that we should find violence here. 语气）“竟然会”

我们这儿竟然有暴力行为，真令人震惊。

Should (用于表示建1. He suggested that we should make better use of the school library. 议、命令、决定等的从句中)应该, 必须

ought to 的用法

用法

例句

表示义务、责任时1. You ought to be attentive at class.

你在课上应当思想集中。

ought to比should 2. He oughtn’t to be so careless in his work.

4

他建议我们应该更好地使用学校图书馆。

2. The young doctor proposed that he should try the experiment on himself.

青年医生建议在他自己身上做实验。

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

的语气更强

后加have done表示过去该做而未做

Need/dare 的用法：

用法

need作情态动词常用于否定句或疑问句中，做实义动词不受限制

need后加have done用在否定句中，表示做了本来不必做的

dare作情态动词常用于否定句或疑问句中，做实义动词不受限制

用法

他在工作中不应该如比粗心大意。

1. I ought to have washed my clothes last night. 我昨晚就应当洗衣服。

2. You oughtn’t to have wasted so much time. 你不该浪费这么多时间。

例句

1. --Need I go with you to the market?

(情) 需要和你一起到超市去吗？

--No, you needn’t. I’ll manage all by myself.

不必了，我自己能设法去。

2. Tom doesn’t need to come to the meeting tomorrow. (实) 汤姆不必明天来参加会议。

Your elder brother need not have come last night.

你哥哥昨天晚上本来无需来的。

need not have come 来了，但实际不必来

1. The girl dare not go out at night. （情）

这女孩晚上不敢出门。

2. Dare you climb such a steep cliff? （情）你敢攀登如此陡峭的山崖吗？

3. He doesn’t dare to cross the river.（实）

他不敢过河。

情态动词＋have done 例句

1. ---I didn’t see Mary at the meeting yesterday. 表推测时：

may/might have done（语气不肯定）

---She might have been ill, I guess. 2. The streets are all dry. It couldn’t have rained during the 过去可能

can’t/couldn’t have done（语气肯定）

night. 3. The streets are all wet, it must have rained during the 过去不可能

night. must have done（语气肯定）

过去一定

1. He might have given you more help, even though he was 表责备时：

may/might have done very busy. 2. ---Did you listen to the speech? 过去本可能做而未做

can/could have done

---No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way. 过去本能做而未做

should have done 3. The plan is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. 4. Your brother’s failed in English again. You ought to have 过去本该做而未做

ought to have done given him more help. 5. ---Mr. Smith didn’t come last night, did he? 过去本应该做而未做

needn’t have done

---No. We needn’t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted. 过去本不必做却做了

导学检测：

5

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

一、单项选择

1. You didn’t go to the party yesterday, or I _____ you.

A. would see

B. could see

C. might have seen D. might see 2. He _____ at the meeting this morning. He was in hospital then.

A. can’t have spoken

B. mustn’t have spoken

C. shouldn’t have spoken D. needn’t have spoken

3. He must be in the classroom, _____ he?

A. can’t

B. mustn’t he

C. isn’t

D. needn’t

4. You _____ have brought your camera. They all had theirs with them.

A. couldn’t

B. needn’t

C. wouldn’t

D. mustn’t

5. My little son _____ out alone at night.

A. dares not go B. dares not to go

C. dare not to go D. doesn’t dare to go

6. At last he _____ finish the work ahead of time.

A. could

B. was able to C. could be able to

D. can be able to 7. There must be some soldiers hidden in the forest. _____ any behind the church?

A. Must there be B. Should there be

C. May there be

D. Can there be 8. If anybody _____ to see me, say that I shall be back soon.

A. would be come

B. comes

C. came D. should come 9. —Could I have a word with you?

—Yes, _____.

A. you can

B. you could C. you must

D. you should 10. I told him how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for him.

A. had to draw a map B. should have drawn a map C. ought to draw a map D. must have drawn a map 11. She is late. What _____ have happened to her?

A. should

B. must

C. can

D. would 12. —We were waiting for you this time yesterday.

—Sorry, I _____ you to tell you that I couldn’t come.

A. must have called

B. would have been calling C. could have been calling D. should have called 13. You _____ swim even faster than he if you practice more.

A. must

B. can

C. ought to

D. have to 14. I wonder why it’s so dark. There _____ be a heavy rain coming.

A. shall

B. must

C. should

D. will 15. They _____ not to make so much noise in the classroom.

A. need

B. dare

C. can

D. ought 16. You _____ return the bike right now. You can keep it until he wants to use it.

A. mustn’t

B. may not

C. can’t

D. needn’t

17. It’s fine and sunny outside. _____ we go out for a walk?

A. Must

B. Will

C. Would

D. Shall 18. The meeting has already begun. You _____ 10 minutes ago.

A. should come

B. ought to come

C. must have come

D. ought to have come 6

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

19. Little Franz wasted a lot of time playing when he _____.

A. should study B. must study

C. should have studied

D. must have studied 20. If your group leader is not right, you _____him.

A. mustn’t obey

B. don’t have to obey

C. wouldn’t have obeyed

D. can’t have obeyed

二、动词填空（用适当的情态动词填空）

1. A: There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

B: It _____ have been a comfortable journey. 2. A: Jack, you _____ play with fire. You _____ hurt yourself.

B: OK, mum. 3. A: Will you stay for dinner?

B: Sorry, I _____. My mother is waiting for me at home. 4. A: My new pencil-box has disappeared.

B: Who _____ have taken it? 5. A: She looks very sad. You _____ have told her the bad news.

B: But I didn’t mean to hurt her. 6. A: _____ you succeed!

B: Thanks a lot. 7. A: A computer _____ think for itself.

B: You are right. It _____ be told what to do. 8. A: Shall I tell Mary about it?

B: No, you _____. I have told her already. 9. A: You _____ call him if you want to.

B: I _____! He is sure to call me. 10.A: I’m told Tom had another car accident this morning.

B: I can’t believe it. He _____ have been so careless. 三、句子改错

(下列各句分别有一处错误，指出并改正) 1. When I read the story, I wouldn’t help thinking of my days in the countryside. 2. They dare not to express their views boldly. 3. You can’t write to him, he will come back tomorrow. 4. You mustn’t work tomorrow if you don’t want to. 5. He suggested that we would go together. 6. Whatever the difficulties, we must realize the four modernizations. 7. She mustn’t be hungry; she has only just finished supper. 8. He is honest. He mustn’t have done such a thing. 9. You can’t walk on the grass. 10. Must it rain tomorrow，the meeting would be postponed.

题源：

7

江苏句容实验高级中学高一英语模块4导学案

课

后

作

业

问

题

统

计

与

分

析

8