Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction全国优秀课堂实录

高一英语模块4，Unit2 Grammar & usage 情态动词的认知与感悟II I. permission许可

观察例句中黑体词的用法，结合已学知识，感悟其意义：

(1) Could I speak to whoever is in charge of International Sales ,please?

(高考07)

(2) --- May I take this book out of the reading room? --- I'm afraid not.（高考10）

(3) ---Can I have a day off tomorrow, Mr. Johnson? --- Of course . I can manage without you.（高考12）

(4) You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.（高考12）

(5) --- We can give you a ride into town. --- Oh, that would be great. Thank you.（高考11）

(6) If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get one for me? （高考12）

(7) --- Can I help you with it? --- I appreciate your offer, but I can manage it myself.（高考12）

(8) Armed with the information you have gathered , you can set about preparing your business plan.（高考12）

(9) We have various summer camps for your holidays, you can choose one based on your own interests.（高考11）

(10) Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I get paid on Friday.（12辽宁）

根据例句可知：

When asking for permission, we use modals ________, ________, ________, ________ When giving permission, we use modals ________, ________ 感悟本义与转义：

________, ________ 除分别表示现在、过去的能力外，还可以表示无时间区别的许可，

其基本意义为条件具备，其中________较为随便,________较为委婉。

________, ________同样表示无时间区别的许可，侧重权力者所给与的许可，显得尊重权威，因而较为正式, 其中________更为委婉、正式，很少用。

表达允许别人的请求，应直截了当，无需委婉，故不用________,________。

请求允许自己帮助，实际上表示提供帮助，见例(7)；询问别人是否做某事的条件具备，实际上等于请求，见例(6)；告诉别人条件具备可以做某事，实际上等于建议，见例(8)。

即学即练

1. --- ________ I use your computer for a few moments,please?（高考07）

--- Go ahead. I’m not using it myself.

A.Shall

B.Will

C. Could

D. Must 2. You don’t have to know the name of the author to find a book. You _______ find the book by the title.

（高考08）

A.

must

B. need

C. can

D. would

3. If I ________ plan to do anything I wanted to, I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much

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of it as possible.

（高考07）

A. would

B. could

C. had to

D. ought to 4. --- Could I borrow your dictionary?

--- Yes, of course you ______.（高考06）

A. might B. will C. can

D. should 5. --- Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? ---

.（高考97）

A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could

C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on II. possibility可能性

观察例句中黑体词的用法，结合已学知识，感悟其意义：

(1) This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. （高考12）

(2) This training program can give you a lift at work, as well as increase your income by 40%.（高考12）

(3) Some aspects of a pilot’s job can

be boring, and pilots often have to work at inconvenient hours. (高考06) (4) --- Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is? --- She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.（高考09）

(5) He will

come to understand your efforts sooner or later. It’s just a matter of time.（高考12）

(6) --- The trip shouldn’t take more than an hour. --- You must be joking. It is at least two hours. (高考12) (7) --- How’s your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?

--- It should be, but it is now heavily polluted.（高考07）

(8) Helen may

go on the trip with us, but she isn’t quite sure yet. （高考05）

(9) --- Are you going to Tom’s birthday party?

--- It depends. I might have to work.（高考11）

(10) You can’t be hungry already — you had lunch only two hours ago!

（高考08）

(11) Mr. Stevenson is great to work for -- I really couldn't ask for a better boss. （高考11）

(12) ---Is Jack on duty today? --- It can’t

be him. It’s his turn tomorrow.（高考06）

根据例句可知：

_______ _______可表示理论上的可能，表示因具备条件而理论上有可能发生，或将来有可能发生，或时常发生，可用于肯定句。其中_______较为委婉。

表示实际发生的概率由大到小所用情态动词排列：: _______, _______, _______/_______, _______, _______, _______ _______, _______语气非常有把握，类似汉语中的“必定……”，“会……”。其中

_______仅用于肯定意义的句子，否定句及疑问句使用_______, ________，因为理论上不可能的事实际上不会发生。

_______/_______，语气比较有把握，类似汉语中的“（如无意外情况/正常情况）应该……”。

_______, _______, _______语气比较无把握，类似汉语中的“或许……”，其中_______, _______的否定形式的意义为“或许不……”，并且没有疑问形式(因为肯定与否定无本质区别)。

询问

“有可能……吗”，使用_______, _______。

表示

“不可能……”使用__________, __________。

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即学即练

1. I ______ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. (高考12) A. won’t

B. can’t

C. can

D. will 2. It _______ be the postman at the door. It’s only six o’clock.（高考11）

A. mustn’t

B. can’t

C. won’t

D. needn’t 3. --- Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. --- Ah, good morning. You ______ be Mrs. Peters. (高考10) A. might

B. must

C. would

D. can 4. --- How’s your new babysitter?

--- We ______ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.（高考11）

A. should

B. might

C. mustn’t

D. couldn’t

5. I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldn't

B. couldn't

C. mustn't

D. needn't 6. My MP4 player isn’t in my bag. Where

I have put it? （高考07）

A.can

B.must

C.should

D.would 7. --- Are you coming to Jeff’s party?

--- I’m not sure. I______ go to the concert instead. A. must

B. would

C. should

D. might （高考00）

8. They ______ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.（11全国、海南D）

A. will

B. can

C. must

D. should 9. --- I don’t really like Jams. Why did you invite him?

--- Don’t worry. He _____ come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.

（高考11）

A. must not

B. need not

C. would not

D. might not 10. Peter ______ be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.

（高考08）

A. shall

B. should

C. can D. must 11. There's no light on --- they______ be at home.

(高考06) A. can't

B. mustn't

C. needn't

D. shouldn't

12. The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _______ be very slow. （高考05）

A. should

B. must

C. will

D. can 13. --- When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.

---They _______be ready by 12:00. (高考98)

A. can

B. should

C. might

D. need III. willingness, decision, deternination意愿，决定，决心

观察例句中黑体词的用法，结合已学知识，感悟其意义：

(1) --- Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? --- I am afraid you must , in case he comes late for the meeting .（11福建B）

(2) --- Shall we go skating or stay at home?

--- Which would you rather do yourself?（高考92）

(3) --- Will you stay for lunch?

--- Sorry, I can’t . My brother is coming to see me. （高考99）

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(4) I know that nothing would ever discourage him; he would

never give up wanting to be a director.（高考11）

(5) --- Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear? --- Another one?（高考11）

(6) Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and Tom won’t either.（高考11）

(7) ---You can have a pet dog, but suppose you get bored with it in a few day? Then what? --- We won’t, we promise!（高考11）

根据以上例句感悟：

will, would表示_________的意愿，决定，决心；陈述句中的shall表示_________的意愿，决定，决心，疑问句中的shall表示_________的意愿，决定，决心。

意愿，决定，决心的内容有利于某人，即为对其的“承诺”；意愿，决定，决心的内容不利于某人，即为对其的“威胁”；意愿，决定，决心的内容有悖于某人的意愿，即为对其的“强制”。will同样可以表示承诺、威胁、强制，见（7），是“主语”的承诺、威胁、强制；shall同样可以表示意愿，决定，决心，是说话者的意愿，决定，决心。

通过询问对方的意愿，实际可以表示“请求”，当然用“第二人称”即Will you…?。请对方给指令，当然须指令“第一、三人称”即Shall we / I / he …。

使用同样方法感悟课本中各种人称，及语言功能的语法“规定”。

即学即练

1. —Goodbye, John. Come back again sometime. —Sure. ______.（高考12）

A. I did

B. I do

C. I shall

D. I will 2. One of our rules is that every student

__

wear school uniform while at school.（高考12）

A. might

B. could

C. shall

D. will 3. --- Will you read me a story ,Mummy? --- OK.You _______ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.（高考11）

A. might

B. must

C. could

D. shall 4. ---I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. ---Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. (高考10) A. could

B. shall

C. must

D. may 5. 一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person ________ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this area.”（高考07）

A. will

B. may

C. shall

D. must 6. --- What’s the name?

--- Khulaifi. _______ I spell that for you?

(高考06)

A. Shall

B. Would

C. Can

D. Might 7. John promised his doctor he ________ not smoke, and he has smoked ever since.

（高考08）

A. might

B. should

C. could

D. would. 8. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _______say where he was.（高考12）

A. mustn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. wouldn’t

D. mightn’t

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