Grammar and usage(1): Direct speech and reported speech教学设计内容推荐

Direct and indirect speech Teaching aims: 1 To let the students to learn the way to change direct speech into reported speech in different tenses and sentence structures

. 2

Students are expected to apply the rules they have learnt to complete some written task . Teaching difficult point: How to use the rules to change direct speech into reported speech correctly . Teaching aids A computer . Teaching procedures: Lead-in Tom:

What did you eat this morning? Lucy:

I ate some cakes. Tom:

What did Lucy say , Jack? Jack:

She said she ate some cakes .

Presentation 1 Concept(概念)

直接引语（direct speech）

直接引用别人的话，要加引号。

间接引语（indirect

speech）：

用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号。

Lao Yang said,'I'm not free .'

Lao Yang said

that he wasn't free .

2

What should we pay attention to? （1）如何变人称（personal pronouns）

口诀：

“一随主”

（直接引语中的主语是一人称或被第一人称所修饰，变间接引语时要按主句中的主语来确定）

She said ,“My brother wants to go with me.”

She said that____ brother wanted to go with ___.

口诀：

“二随宾”

（若直接引语中的主语及宾语是二人称，变间接引语的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。若主句没有宾语

也可用第一人称。）

He said to Kate ,“How is your sister now?”

→He asked Kate how _____sister was then . 口诀：

“三不变”

（直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句的主语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句人称一般不需变化。）

She said to me ,“They want to help him .”

She told me that ____ wanted to help ____. Mr. Smith said,“Jack is a good boy .”

→Mr. Smith said that ______ was a good boy. （2）

How to change the tense?

(时态的变化)

一

如果直接引语的主句谓语动词为一般现在时，则间接引语中的动词依旧保持直接引语的时态。例如：

He says ,“I am very busy today .”

He says that he______ very busy today .

二

如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态，直接引语变间接引语时，从句谓语动词的时态通常要作相应的变化

。

1

She said ,“ I need a dictionary.”

She said that she ____

a dictionary . 2 Nancy said ,“I will call again later .”

Nancy said that she ______call again later. 3 Jim said ,“I behaved badly .”

Jim said that he

__________badly. 4 Jim said ,“I am expecting a long distance call .”

→Jim said he ___________

a long distance call . 5 Paul said ,“Our team has won the match .”

→Paul said their team __________ the match. 6 He said ,''We hadn't returned to the store when she came . He said that they______________

to the store when she came . 7 He said ,“I have been waiting here for two hours .”

He said that he ___________

there for two hours . 直接引语变为间接引语，下列情况时态不变。

1 直接引语讲述的是客观规律(objective law)或真理(truth)。

He said ,“The earth is round .”

He said

that the earth is round . 2 直接引语中有过去的具体

的时间。

Xiao Wang said ,“I was born on April 20 ,1980 .”

→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20 ,1980

(3）指示代词，地点副词及时间状语等的

相应变化

. (4 )How to use reported speech to report statements ,questions and imperative sentences.(句型的变化)

1 陈述句（statements）

直接引语变间接引语，用连词that 引导（在口语中that常可省略）。

He said ,“I left my book in your room .”

→He said (that) he ______ his book in ______ room .

Class activity

Practice 1: Change the the direct speech into the indirect speech

.

1 The king said,“I don't know where she gets it from？”

2

The king said ,“I am at my wit's end .”

3The king said,“It's been in the family for many years.”

2 Imperative sentences (祈使句)

直接引语变间接引语，常变为

ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise...＋infinitive(动词不定式). He said to me,“Don't swim in that river .”

→He warned me _________swim in that river . 3 Yes /no questions

OR General questions(一般疑问句，选择问句，反义疑问句) 直接引语变间接引语，变为由if/whether引导的宾语从句，主句动词一般用ask 。

He asked me ,“Do you know her ?”

→He asked if/whether I knew her .

“You like your school, don't you?”she asked me.

→she asked if /whether I liked my school . 4

Wh-questions OR Special questions(特殊疑问句)

直接引语变间接引语，变为由原疑问词(interrogative)引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序(statement form)，动词常用ask. She asked ,“When is the next train?”

→She asked when ____________________. She asked me,“Where are you going?”

→She asked me ____________________ . Practice 2 Change the the direct speech into the indirect speech

. 1 Puss said,“Are you hiding from me?”

2 Puss said，“I feel something familiar ，something dangerous，something breakfasty .”

3 Puss said ,“They are the same boots I wore when you betrayed me .”

4 Puss asked，“How did we get on that

bridge in the first place ?”

5 Humpty said ,“It's been a long time .”

Homework