Grammar and usage(2): Verbs often used in the passive voice板书设计

M4U3 grammar

Teaching aims: 1.

Learn the basic knowledge passive voice. 2.

Be able to finish some related exercises.

step1.passive voice 英语的动词有“时态”、“语态”和“语气”的变化。“时态”是用来表示动作（或状态）在什么时间发生（或存在）的；“语态”是用来表示主语与动词之间的关系的；“语气”是用来表示说话的目的和意图的。

语态

如果主语是动作的执行者（或发出者），谓语动词用主动语态；

如果主语是动作的承受者（或对象），谓语动词用被动语态。

如：We

often water

these young trees. 我们经常给这些小树浇水。

主语

谓语动词

宾语

主语“我们”是“浇水”这一动作的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示。

These young trees

are often watered

by

us.

这些小树经常由我们来浇水。

主语

谓语动词

主语“这些小树”是“浇水”这一动作的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。

一、被动语态构成

①一般现在时：is / am /are +

过去分词

②一般过去时：was / were +

过去分词

③一般将来时：will

+ be +

过去分词

④现在进行时：is/am/are + being + 过去分词

⑤过去进行时：was / were + being + 过去分词

⑥现在完成时：have/ has +been +

过去分词

⑦过去完成时：had

+

been

+ 过去分词

⑧情态动词：

情态动词

+

be

+ 过去分词

For example(例如): ①English is taught in most schools. 大多数学校都教英语。（一般现在时）

②My money was stolen. 我的钱被偷了。（一般过去时）

③The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing. 2008年奥运会将在北京举办。（一般将来时）

④A new supermarket is being built near my house. 我家正在建一个超市。（现在进行时）

⑤We couldn’t use the office. It was being painted. 办公室不能用，它正在油漆。（过去进行时）

⑥--Are you going to the party?”

你去参加晚会吗？

--No, I haven’t been invited. 不去，我未被邀请。（现在完成时）

⑦The vegetables didn’t taste good. They had been cooked for too long.

蔬菜不好吃，煮的时间太长了。（过去完成时）

⑧This can’t be done in a short time. 这不可能短期内完成的。（情态动词）

二、主动语态变被动语态

1、

三步曲：

步骤一：把原主动句中的动词后面宾语转换为被动语态的主语（放在句首）。

步骤二：把原动词改为“be + 过去分词”的形式，要特别注意：

▲be动词的人称和数要随着新的主语（即原句中的宾语）而改变，

▲同时be动词的时态要保持与原来主动句的时态一样。

步骤三：原来主动语态中的主语，如需强调，就放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现

（by是介词，后面需要跟宾格做介词的宾语）以指明做事的人或物。如果没有必要，可以省略。

A young lady runs the hotel.

The hotel is

run

by

a young lady.

主动变被动口诀记忆：

分清主、谓、宾；宾改主，主改宾，动词变化是中心；be 的使用要当心。

大量被动语态的句子都是这样的结构：

主语（动作的承受者）

被动语态的谓语

by + 动作执行者

The window

was broken

by a stone.

The Dream of Red Mansions

was written

by Cao Xueqin.

Your life

will be changed

by this book.

The picture

was taken

by him.

有时可不用by引起的短语，而用with介词短语：

主语（动作的承受者）

被动语态的谓语

with 引起的状语

The bus

is crowded

with people.

The trees

are covered

with trees.

The man

was killed

with a knife.

The bag

is filled

with dirty clothes.

更多情况下，没有by引起的状语，而用其他状语。

主语（动作的承受者）

被动语态的谓语

其他介词引起的状语

Your sweater

is made

of wool.

Paper

is made

from wood.

This kind of machine

is made

in Japan.

2、

有些动词后面带有双宾语：一个指“人”，叫间接宾语；另一个指“物”，叫“直接宾语”。变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动。一般是将原来主动句中指“人”的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而把指“物”的直接宾语保留下来。

如： She told me the secret. 她告诉了我这个秘密。

→I was told the secret. 我被告知了这个秘密。

→The secret was told to me by her. 这个秘密由她告诉了我。

Her boy friend gave her a red rose. 她的男朋友送给她一支红玫瑰。

→She was given a red rose (by her boy friend).

→A red rose was given to her.

(注意加介词to)

▲注意：如果保留指人的间接宾语，要在其前面加介词to, for。

Father bought me a new English-Chinese dictionary.

→I was bought a new English-Chinese dictionary.

→A new English-Chinese dictionary was bought for me.

(注意加介词for) 3、

有些动词后面带有复合宾语：宾语和宾语补足语。变成被动语态时，将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语保留不动。

如：We call her little princess. 我们叫她小公主。

She is called little princess (by us). 她被我们称作小公主。

You have made the garden beautiful.

The garden has been made beautiful.

I saw her dancing with an old man.

She was seen dancing with an old man (by me). 他被我看见正和一个老头跳舞。

He saw a policeman enter your house. 他看见一个警察进入了你家。（省to）

A policeman was seen to enter your house. （补to）

I never heard her sing so well.

（省to）

She was never heard to sing so well. （补to）

虽然在主动语态中hear，see等感官动词后面省略了不定式的符号to，但是在被动语态中要把这个to补出来。另外，make, have等使役动词也有类似的用法。

如：The teacher made the boy answer the question again. （省to）

The boy was made to answer the question again. （补to）

感官动词（hear, see, watch, notice, feel）和使役动词（make, have）在变为被动语态时，原来宾语补足语中省略的to一律要补出来。

▲

注意

step2. practice. 1.

I _________ (give) a new book by my father on my birthday.

2. The picture _____________ (finish) tomorrow.

3. Please wait

a while. I’ll just go and get ___________. (change)

4. Some viewers might not ___________ (impress)

by the RealCine.

5. The building_______________ (build) this time

last year.

6. How ______the flags already ________

(make)?

7. The new railway ____________ (build) by the end of last year.