Grammar教案及板书设计

教学设计

望奎一中

谢春华

定语从句复习

定语从句的概念：

﹙1﹚限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间无逗号）。

①

关系代词引导定语从句

The man who you’re talking to is my friend.

②

由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导

The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.

I need a pen with which I can write a letter. =I need a piece of paper on which 该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句（主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开）。

①

直接由引导词引导定语从句。

②

由介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导。

I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③

由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指

人用whom,指物用which)引导。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。

除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。

2.非限定性定语从句的作用：它只是补充说明先行词的情况，翻译时可译成两个句子。

The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital. （那位工程师被很快送往医院，其腿部受了重伤）

The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.

（那位腿部受了重伤的工程师被很快送往医院）

3.在非限定性定语从句中，任何引导词都不能省略（包括引导词在此定语从句中充当宾语在内）。指人做主语时只能用who, 做宾语时用whom;

指物做主语，宾语都用which; 关系副词用when或where，也不能省略。

4.whose引导非限定性定语从句：

二.定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法。

1.who/that指人是主格在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的主语，不能省略。

Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there? 2.whom/who/that指人是宾格，在定语从句中代替先行词，又作定语从句的宾语（动宾或介宾）。

①

当作动宾（动词后接宾语）时，关系代词可省略。

Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now? ②

当作介宾（介词后接宾语）时：

介词不提前时，关系代词可省略；

介词提前时，关系代词不可省，即介词＋whom(指人时介词后的关系代词只能用whom)。

The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher. The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.

※注：固定的动词短语（动词+介词）如look for, take care of等不能把动词与介词拆开，既介词不能提至引导词前。

She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.

3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定语从句中充当主语、宾语（动宾或介宾）即先行词的什么东西怎样了，whose不能省略。。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n. 4.which/that 指物，指代先行词且在定语从句中作主语或宾语（动宾或介宾）。

※5.as指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语，宾语，表语或状语，不能省略。主要用于

“the

区别：

①as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。

He married her, as/which was natural.

三. 值得注意的几个问题：

第一. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用that的情况。

1.当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。

This is the best film that has been shown this year. 2.当先行词为两个或两个以上分别指人和物的名词时。

He talked about the teachers and the school (that) he had visited.

3.当先行词本身是all的，用that。(all that=what) =Go over all (what) we learned.（that在定语从句中充当宾语可以省略）

4.先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything, thing时，用that.

I’ll tell you anything (that) I know. 5.当先行词前有all, much, little, many, (a) few, every, some, any, no, only, the very, one of, the

6.（人，物），当先行词在以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中时，用that引导以避免混淆．

Who is the man that is talking with the lady? Which of you that know the answer can come to the front? 7.当先行词是在定语从句中作表语时，用that．

He likes the girl that she used to be. 第二. 当先行词是物时，关系代词(that/which)只用which的情况。

1.作介宾且介词置于引导词之前时．

第三.

其他特殊情况．

1.先行词是these, those指人时

在定语从句中，介词+关系代词结构是一种较为复杂的问题。现就几种常见的介词+关系代词的结构浅析如下：

1．介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when, where和why。如：I still remember the day on which (when) I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。

The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大工厂。

This is the reason for which (=why) he was late.这就是他为什么迟到的原因。

2．介词+which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，定语从句主谓一般要倒置。

They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.他来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小男孩。

I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。

3．介词+ which（指物）/ whom（指人）在定语从句中作目的、方式或地点状语。这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。如：

Could you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗？

The man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer.这人是一位工程师，我是从他那里得到这消息的。

4．介词+which/whom，用于被动结构的定语从句中，作状语，说明动作的出发者。如：

The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot.伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。

The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter.打死狼的那人是个好猎手。

5．不定代词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的部分，常用的不定代词有：both, all, any, some, each, none, most等。如：

There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me.这儿有许多书，可一本也不属于我。

Yesterday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive.昨天玛丽买了一些衣服，他们都很贵。

6．数词+of+which/whom，在定语从句中作主语，说明整体与部分的关系。数词可以是基数词、序数词、分数或百分数。如：

In our class there are fifty-four students, twenty-five of whom are girls.我们班有54名学生，25人是女生。

Two watches were stolen, one of which was mine.两只手表被偷了，其中一只是我的。

7．名词+of+which代替whose+名词，在定语从句中作定语。如：

I saw some trees, the leaves of which (=whose leaves) were black with disease.我看见一些树，他们的叶子因害病而发黑。