Grammar教学设计第一课时

Grammar———动词不定式，but＋不定式

_______导学案

① ... a mass campaign has been started to help solve it. ②

There

was nothing to be done. ③

The storms sometimes continue all day and traffic moves very slowly because the thick dust makes it difficult to see. ④

When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not to go out. ⑤

It is difficult to breathe and the dust makes me ill.

⑥

To prevent it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. ⑦

I can do nothing but wait at home. ⑧

She has no choice but to give in.

幻灯片3 [我的发现] (1)①～⑥句中，不定式在句中分别充当

_______、______、_____ 、_____________ 、_________ 和

_______ 。③句中，it为__________；

⑤句中，it为

___________ 。

(2)由

____ 句可知，不定式的否定式在to 前加

______；由

___ 句可知，不定式的被动式为to be done。

(3)由⑦⑧句可知，不定式在介词but后面时，如果but之前

有行为动词do(而非助动词)的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带

_____，否则带to。

一、动词不定式

动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和独立成分，而且有时态和语态的变化。

幻灯片4 (一)不定式的时态与语态

1．动词不定式的一般式：表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后发生。

I hope to see you next week.我希望下周能见到你。

2．动词不定式的进行式：表示动作与谓语动词动作同时发生且动作正在进行。

The two cheats pretended to be working hard. 那两个骗子假装正在努力工作。

幻灯片5 3．动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式动作发生于谓语动词动作之前。

He happened to have gone out when I went to see him. 当我去看他的时候，他碰巧出去了。

[关键一点] 表示“希望、打算”等含义的动词，如wish, hope, expect, intend, mean, plan等的过去式之后跟不定式的完成式，表明不定式的行为并没有实现。

We planned to have started the work at the beginning of the month. 我们原计划在本月初开始工作。(但事实没有开始) 4．动词不定式的被动式：表示与逻辑主语之间为被动关系。

She asked to be sent to work in the countryside.

她请求被派往农村工作。

幻灯片6

①

I plan ________ (buy) a new house for my parents. ②

Look！

The little girl seems _______________ (cry). ③

You needn't tell her anything，

for she seems ________________ (know) it. ④

I intended _________________ (help) you，

but I was too poor. (二)动词不定式的语法功能

1．作主语：动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种：

(1)不定式置于句首。

To master a foreign language calls for a great deal of memory work. 掌握一门外语需要大量的记忆。

幻灯片7 (2) 用it作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。

It is important to master a knowledge of computer.

掌握电脑知识很重要。

2.作表语：

不定式可放在系动词后面，作表语。通常说明或解释主语的内容，也可表示将来的动作。

My dream is to become a dancer. 我梦想成为一名舞蹈家。

2－1.句型转换

To

look after so little children is hard.

_____________ to look after so

little children. 2－2.翻译句子

①她的工作是打扫这个大房间。_______________________________________________ ②强壮我们的身体是必要的。_______________________________________________

幻灯片8 3．作宾语

(1)不定式作动词的宾语。下列动词后常接动词不定式

作宾语：want想

fail未能

seem似乎

choose选择

wish希望

hope希望

offer提供

decide决定

determine决心

long渴望

arrange安排

ask要求

refuse拒绝

promise答应

manage设法

pretend假装

expect期望

afford承担起

plan计划

agree同意

prepare准备

I hope to have a new type of cell­phone. 我希望有一部新款手机。

My father finally agreed to help us.

我父亲终于同意帮我们。

(2)it 代替不定式作形式宾语。

I think it very necessary to protect the animals.

我认为保护动物非常有必要。

幻灯片9

3－1.完成句子

①她未能通过考试。

She ________________ the exam. ②我进去时，他假装没看见我。

When I entered the room, he ________________________ me. 3－2.句型转换

I find it is hard to work with him. I find ___________________________ . 4．作补足语

不定式作宾语补足语和主语补足语，常用于下列动词后：ask, beg, cause, call, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell等。(其中没有hope sb. to do, suggest

sb. to do 和

agree sb. to do) [关键一点]：不定式作宾语补足语，在部分感官及使役动词后，用不带to的不定式作宾补，常用的动词有let, make, have, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, listen to, feel等，help有无to都可以。

幻灯片10 Eg:The teacher had us recite the text every day.

老师让我们每天背诵课文。

The boss made his men work all the night.

老板让他的工人整夜工作。

注意：把上面句子变成被动语态后，不定式成为句子的主语补足语，需带to。

①You can let her ________ (have) a rest. ②The boy was made __________ (study) all day. ③He gets his sister ________ (help) him. ④My mother advised

me _________(see) a film. ⑤His parents

don’t

allow him ______ (go) out at night. 5．作定语

(1)不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词之

后，常表示未发生的动作。

I want to get something to read during the vacation. 我想找点在假期里读的东西。

幻灯片11 (2)不定式作定语，有时与前面被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关

系，如果不定式是不及物动词或所修饰的名词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

He is a pleasant person to work with.

和他一起工作很愉快。

(3)当句子主语或说话人是动词不定式中动作的发出者时，

动词不定式用主动式；当句子主语或说话人不是动词不定式中动作的发出者时，动词不定式用被动式。

I have two letters to write today.

今天我要写两封信。

I'm going to the post office. Do you have some letters to be posted?

我要去邮局，你有信要寄吗？

(4)由only, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的

名词常用不定式作定语。

He is the last one to arrive here.

他是最后一个到达这里的人。

幻灯片12

5－1.完成句子

①他好像有话要说。

He seems to have something _______ . ②这位老人正在找地方住。

The old man is looking for a place ___________ . ③这是帮助他的最好方法。

This is the best way ______________ . 5－2.用所给词的适当形式填空

①He feels sorry, for he hasn't any money _________(buy) his wife a new coat. ②Sir, do you have some clothes _______________ (wash)? ③The girl is always the first one _________ (get) to school every day. 6．作状语：不定式作状语多表示目的、原因、结果等。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。

幻灯片13 Eg:

I

have enjoyed my visit to China. I'll

be very sorry to leave.

我在中国的访问非常愉快，但遗憾的是我要走了。

To reduce air pollution, we should take the public transports rather than the private car.

为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共交通工具，而不是私家车。

[关键一点]：不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果，有时在不定式前面加上only。

I hurried to the post office, only to find it closed.

我急忙赶到邮局，结果发现关门了。

①听到你妈妈病了，我很难过。

I’m sorry ___________ that your mother is ill. ②为了赶上别人，她在努力学习。_____________________ others, she is working hard. 幻灯片14 ③他匆忙赶到车站，却发现火车已开走了。

He hurried to the station, only ________ that the train had left. (三)动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的逻辑主语往往是泛指的，或根据上下文来表明。但在某些情况下，不定式的逻辑主语需要明确表示，这时可用介词for或of引出逻辑主语，构成for sb.to do 和of

sb. to do 结构。

这就是动词不定式的复合结构。这种复合结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等。

1．for sb. to do 在for sb. to do 结构中，作表语的形容词多是表示实物性质的，如difficult, easy, heavy, important, necessary, possible等，

这类形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，但与句中的不定式结构关系密切，有意义上的主表关系。

Eg: It is easy for a girl to forget what she doesn't want to remember.

让一个女孩忘却自己不愿记住的事情易如反掌。(作主语) 幻灯片15 I'll try to arrange it for you to be the first to speak.

我设法安排你第一个讲话。(作宾语)

This is for you to decide.

这由你来决定。(作表语) 2．of sb. to do of sb. to do 结构只用在表示人物特征的形容词之后，可用于这一结构的形容词常见的有brave, careful, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good, generous, honest, kind, nice, right, rude, stupid, silly, wise, wrong等。

eg: It is foolish of him to do that. 他竟做出这种事来，太蠢了。

How careless (it was) of Mary to break the valuable vase!

玛丽打碎了这个珍贵的花瓶，真粗心！

幻灯片16

①

It is very important ____ us to get everything ready for the harvest. ②

It is very kind ___ you to help him every day. ③

It is very easy ___ me to see through his trick. ④

It’s unwise ____ them to turn down the proposal. (四)疑问词＋动词不定式

疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语。

How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.

如何阻止他们在这条河里游泳是个问题。

①

____________________________________ (在哪里开会)is not known yet. ②I don’t know ____________________ (做点什么). 幻灯片17 二、but＋不定式

1．动词不定式在介词but, except, besides等表示“除了

……”之意的后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do和各种形式(do, does, did)，那么介词后的不定式要用不带to的不定式，否则要用带to的不定式。可简记为：前有do, 后无to；前无do，后有to。

Eg: I have no choice but to wait

for him at the school gate.

我别无选择，只有在校门口等他了。

Della could do nothing but cry on the sofa.

戴拉别无他法，只能坐在沙发上哭。

2．在can't but, can't help but,

can't choose but(不得不，只能)结构后，不定式不带to。

We can't choose but accept the offer.

我们只能接受提议。

It's

raining hard. I cannot help but stay at home.

天在下大雨，我只好待在家里。

幻灯片18

①She could do nothing but ___________ (cry). ②She wanted nothing but ______________ (rest). ③I can’t but ______________（tell）

her the truth. 综

合

练

习

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct infinitive forms.

1. It is frightening ____ (walk) in the road in a sandstorm. I hope I reach home soon.

2. Experts hope _______ (learn) more about the movement of sandstorms.

3. I’d like __________ (tell) about the situation before now. 4. The work needs __________________ (complete) by the end of the week. 5. My father was out of the city when the sandstorm came. He was very glad ____________ (miss) it.

幻灯片19 6. The building has _________________ (finish) by the end of the year.

7.

________ (see) a real sandstorm was very frightening.

8. I’m sorry I can’t attend your wedding, for I have an important meeting ___________ (attend). 9. The workers were made _________ (work) over fourteen hours a day. 10. Your suit is a bit small on you. You seem ___________ (put on) weight. 4. Tom did nothing except __________ (wait) before his parents came home. 5. —What’s the matter with Tom?

—Oh, his cell phone was left in a taxi accidentally, never _________ (find) again. 6. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path. 7. —Did he manage _________ (carry) the books upstairs?

—No, he wasn’t strong enough even ________ (move) them. 8. _____________ (become) a teacher in a university, you need to have a master’s

幻灯片20 高考链接

1. The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported _____ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.

A. breaking

B. having broken

C. to have broken

D. to break

2. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _____ for a space flight.

A. training

B. being trained

C. to have trained

D. to be trained 3. _____ the project as planned, we’ll have to work two more hours a day.

A. Completing

B. Complete

C. Completed

D. To complete 4. The director had her assistant _____ some hot dogs for the meeting.

A. picked up

B. picks up

C. pick up

D. picking up