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Unit1 Nothing ventured, nothing gained Cognitive goals

Main words： endurance,

breathless, circumstance, urgent, vital,

Main sentence pattern：：It was/is …that …

The meanings of the words Please reference the sentences in the text.

endurance

【sentence 1】 Perce Blackborow joined an expedition with Sir Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica on the ship Endurance in August 1914. (P2)

【usage】 endurance (n.) the ability to suffer difficulties or pain with strength and patience . The ability of bearing something.

example：Long distance runners need great endurance.

I think the great endurance is the advantage of a player.

endurance (n.)-endure( vt.) 忍耐, 忍受,- enduring (adj.)持续的，持久的，

如：They cannot endure much longer.

I can't endure the bad noise a moment longer.

【exercise】I cannpt ________ seeing animals suffer like that.

A. survive

B. obtain

C. maintain

D. endure

Key: D

breathless

【sentence 2】I feel breathless as I remember my rotten toes that I had to be removed when they became blackened from frost-bite. (P2)

【usage】breathless adj. breath very fast and hard or experiencing a strong emotion,

如：She was breathless after running up the stairs.

We were breathless with laughter after having watched his performances,

breath ( n.) 表示“呼吸，喘气”， breathe (v.) 表示“呼吸，喘气”；

如：The doctor told him to breathe in deeply and then breathe out.

【exercise】 _______a deep breath, and then you may feel relaxed.

A. Hold

B. Take

C. Have

D. Give

Key: B

circumstance

【sentence 3】 Our circumstances are so desperate that it is uncertain whether we will ever return alive. (P2)

【usage】circumstance (n.) condition or fact connected with an event or action

如：He was forced by circumstances to do this.

Maybe under these circumstances we may say that man can conquer nature.

【phrases】in no circumstances 决不； in / under the circumstances 在这种情况下；due to unforeseen circumstances 由于不可预见的情况，

如： I would never in any circumstances dream of comparing her with you.

【exercise】 Under no circumstances _______ agree to splitting up the company.

A. will we

B. we will

C. we will never

D. never we will

Key: A

urgent

【sentence 4】Calling us calmly together, he made an urgent announcement that we must save only essential supplies before the ship sank,… (P3)

【usage】 urgent ( adj.) very important, especially which must be dealt with quickly,

如：I must stop the car; it's urgent.

Refugees in Sichuan are in urgent need of food and water.

urgently (adv.) 表示“急切地”；urge (vt.) 表示“催促；怂恿”，

【phrases】urge sb. to do sth. 或urge that 从句,表示“催促某人做某事”，

如：When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could

bear.

A man was waving to them urgently from a first –floor window.

【exercise】 They urged that the library ________ during the vacation.

A. be kept open

B. would be kept opening

C. to be kept opened

D. was kept open

Key: A

vital

【sentence 5】He described it as vital for keeping us cheerful.(P3)

【点拨】vital adj. very important , necessary or essential 表示“极其重要的，

意为“必不可少的”，be vital to 对…重要，

如：Skillfulworkers are vital to the success of any company.

It is vital that students should use computer skills well.

【usage】 vitally adv. 极其重要地； vitality n. 精力，活力；热情，

如：Today’s decision will vitally affect the environment.

Tourism is important to the economic vitality of the region.

【exercise】 It is ________ important that we find out the cause of the disease.

A. vitally

B. vital

C. vitality

D. of vitality

Key: A

【拓展】相关短语：give out分发；give up 放弃；give in 投降，让步；

give off 散发，放出； give away 赠送，泄漏； give birth to 生，

如：Although he pretended to be an Englishman, his accent gave him away.

This gave off oily, black smoke but had the advantage of burning strongly in fierce

winds.

Give the money out to the children

【exercise】Cheap coal _______ a lot of smoke.

A. gives up

B. gives in

C. gives away

D. gives off

Key: D

Main sentence pattern：：It was/is …that …

【sentence 1】So it was with great excitement one morning in July 1914 that I read this advertisement: (P3)

【点拨】 It was /is ＋被强调部分

＋that 从句.

其特点是就从句的主语、宾语、状语等成分进行强调，谓语除外。也就是说被强调部分肯定是从句的某一成分。被强调部分指人时用that / who均可，指事或物时用that。

其一般疑问句直接将is/was提前。特殊疑问句就是在一般疑问句的基础上再加特殊疑问词，

如：It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

（此题强调的是时间状语about 600 years ago）。

→

（变为一般疑问句）Was it about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and

an hour hand was made?

→ (被强调部分提问)When was it that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was

made?

【考点提示】区别下面几个相似句型

a. It is ＋一段时间

＋since 从句

其特点是谓语动词用is ，且It is 后加时间段而不是时间点，若从句的谓语动词

是瞬间性动词，

表示“自从某事发生以来已有多长时间了”，若是延续性动词则正好相反表示“自从不做某事以来

有多长时间了”。如It is 3 years since I smoked. (我不吸烟已有3年了)

It is 600 years since the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.

( 600 years 是时间段，且谓语动词是is，表示“自从第一块钟表问世到现在已有600年了”)

That was really a splendid evening. It’s years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.

A. when

B. that

C. before

D. since

此题选D，

可译为“我多年没有玩得这么高兴了”。

b. It was/will be（not）＋一段时间＋before从句

其特点是后面用一段时间，谓语动词用一般过去式或将来时，译为“不久就…或多久才…”，

如: It will be more than 100 years before the city returns to its normal.

需要100年的时间这座城市才能恢复，其否定式也较常见，如:

It won’t be long before we know the result of the experiment.

不久我们就会知道试验的结果。

It was some time _____ we realized the truth.

A. when

B. until

C. since

D. before

此题选D，表示“过了一段时间就（才）…”有时用其否定式，表示“不久就（才）…”，

意思是“过了一段时间我们就认识到了真相”。

c. It was ＋

时间点

＋ when 从句

其特点是后跟表示时间点的名词，谓语动词用was,此句是 when引导的时间状语从句，句中it 表示

时间，有实际意义。

如：It was five o’clock when we arrived home yesterday.

( 昨天到家时，时间是5点)

区别：It was at five o’clock that we arrived home yesterday.

(则是强调句型，译为“正是5点我们到的家”)

【链接高考】

【考例1】 It is what you do rather than what you say ____ matters.

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. this

【答案与解析】此题选A，强调主语从句，译为“真正有关系的是你做的而不是你说的”

【考例2】— ______ that he managed to get the information?

— Oh, a friend of his helped me.

A. Where was it

B. What was it

C. How was it

D. Why was it

【答案与解析】此题考查强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，选C，译为“他是怎么设法得到这个消息的？”此外其一般疑问句形式为“Is/Was it ＋被强调部分 that 从句”。

【考例3】.I don’t mind her criticizing me, but ____is how she does it that I object to.

A. it

B. that

C. this

D. which

【答案与解析】此题选A， but 后面部分是强调句型，可译为：正是她作这件事情的方式我不同意。