Unit Review教学创新设计

初三英语复习教案：名词

临漳第四中学

黄娟韬

【学习目标】

1、了解名词所包含的内容

2、掌握各名词的用法

3、运用各名词顺利完成试题

【学习重难点】

1、

可数名词及其单复数

2、

不可数名词

【教学内容】

一、

可数名词及其单复数

可数名词有单复数之分。单数形式在前面加a/an，例如a boy, an English boy;单数名词前面用a/an是由紧接着的单词的第一个因素决定的，如果是辅音，就用a,元音则用an,如a banana, an orange, a useful book, an English book; 复数形式通常在词尾加入s/es, 如pens, buses.

1、

可数名词的复数变化形式的变化

（1）

规则变化：

A、

多数名词直接在名词后面加-s

如：books

desks

friends

rooms B、

以o,s,x,ch,sh结尾的词加-es

如:potatoes

buses

boxes

watches

brushes ( 以o结尾的名词复数形式初中阶段就只记住potato

tomato

hero(英雄)是加-es ,其余的都是加-s,如：photo radio) C、

以f/fe结尾的，把其改为v再加-es

如：leaf-leaves ,knife-knives,wife-wives. D、

复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法如下表所示。

E、

复数词尾s（或es）的读音方法

情

况

读法

例

词

在[p][t][k][f]等清辅音后

[s]

cups, hats, cakes

glasses, pages, oranges, buses, watches,faces

[iz]

在[s][z][t][][F]等音后

在[b][d][][v]等浊辅音后

[z]

beds, dogs, cities, knives

F、以辅音字母加-y结尾的，把y改为i再加-es,如：baby-babies,country-countries. 注意(以元音字母加y结尾的，直接加s即可) （2）

不规则变化：

Child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth

( 3 )

单复数同形：deer-deer,sheep-sheep,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese ( 4 )

表示“某国人”的名词，其变化有三种情况：

A、a Japanese—five Japanese (Chinese)

B、a Frenchman—four Frenchmen(Englishmen/Englishwomen)

C、a German—two Germans (Russian/American/Indian/Italian/Korean) 2、可以修饰可数名词的词或短语

One/two/three等数词；a lot of, lots of, some, many, a few, a number of+复数名词。

3、注意事项

（1）

people 表示“人，人们”时，是个复数名词，不能在其后加-s，谓语动词用复数形式

family , class 是集合名词，表示家庭/班级等集体时指单数，谓语动词的形式用单数；当表示家庭/班级的成员时指复数，谓语动词用复数形式。

News, maths(math),glass是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

（2）

以复数形式出现的名词。如：glasses,pants,shoes等，他们的量词通常为：a pair of glasses, two pairs of pants, three pairs of shoes等。

（3）

名词做形容词时，一般不用复数形式，如：一位十岁的女孩(a ten-year-old girl),一家鞋铺（a shoe shop）;如果要表示复数，则把名词词组中的最后一个名词变成复数形式，如：三棵苹果树（three apple trees）,这些男学生（these boy students）. 例外：当man/woman做定语的时候与他们所修饰的名词的数相一样，如：两个男老师（two men teachers）三个女医生（three women doctors）

二、

不可数名词

不可数名词指物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词等，通常没有复数形式。其前面不用冠词a/an或数词直接修饰，但可用much, some, any, a lot of, a little, little, little, much 等词修饰，还可用冠词/数词+量词/容器+of短语来修饰，如：a piece of bread, two pieces of bread; a glass of water, two glasses of water等。

常用的不可数名词有money food meat fish chicken pork beef drink orange milk tea coke water rice bread homework news paper rain snow wind cloud weather air math Chinese 三、

专有名词

表示具体的人，事物，地点或机构的专有名称的词叫专有名词，通常要大写单词的首字母。如：Bill Gates ,Lily, the Great Wall, China, No.1 Middle School等。

四、

名词所有格

（1）

有生命的或表时间的名词加-‘s, 其中，不以s结尾的名词加-‘s, 如：Lucy’s mother today’s news

Children’s Day ;以S结尾的名词加-‘

,如：two minutes’

walk , Teachers’ Day （2）

无生命的名词用of表示，如：the leg of the chair, a map of China （3）

双重所有格：the book of Mary’s, a friend of my brother’s （4）

【注意】

如果两个名词并列，并且分别有

's，则表示“分别有”，例如：John's and Mary's rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Tom's and Mary's bikes（两人各自的自行车）。

两个名词并列，只有一个's，则表示“共有”，例如：John and Mary's room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Mary's mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。

【当堂练习】

一．

写出下列词的正确形式

1.

复数形式

face—(

)

zoo—(

)

photo—(

)

hero—(

)

potato—(

)

tomamo—(

)

belief—() box—(

)

roof—(

)

brush—(

)

city—(

)

key—(

)

factory—(

)

leaf—(

)

thief—(

)wolf—(

)

rose—(

)

woman—(

)

mouse—(

)

goose—(

)

sheep—(

)

child—(

) 2.

翻译

两头鹿

三个中国人

四片面包

一双鞋

Jim和Jane的书（两张表达方法）

五个六岁的学生

这个孩子的一个玩具

二. 单项填空

1．--- Where have you been, Tim?

--- I’ve been to ______.

A. the Henry house

B. the Henry family

C. The Henry’s home

D. Henry’s 2．In England, if ____ is in the middle of the day, the evening meal is called supper.

A. food

B. lunch

C. breakfast

D. dinner 3．You looked for it twice, but you haven’t found it. Why not try ____ .

A. three times

B. a third time

C. the third time

D. once 4．--- They are thirsty. Will you please give them ______ ?

--- Certainly.

A. some bottles of waters

B. some bottles of water

C. some bottle of water

D. some bottle of waters 5．Mike hurt one of his ______ in the accident yesterday.

A. tooth

B. feet

C. hand

D. ear 6．There is some _______ on the plate.

A. cakes

B. meat

C. potato

D. pears 7．In England, the last name is the

_______ .

A. family name

B. middle

C. given name

D. full name 8．The are going to fly _______ to Beijing.

A. Germen

B. Germany

C. Germanys

D. Germans 9．The______ has two _______ .

A. boys; watches

B. boy; watch

C. boy; watches

D. boys; watch 10．The little baby has two _______ already.

A. tooth

B. tooths

C. teeth

D. teeths 11．What’s your _______ for being late again?

A. idea

B. key

C. excuse

D. news 12．--- It’s dangerous here. We’d better go out quickly.

--- But I think we should let _______ go out first.

A. woman and children

B. women and child

C. woman and child

D. women and children 13．--- You can see Mr. Smith if there is a sign “_______ ”on the door of his shop.

--- Thanks.

A.ENTRANCE

B.BUSINESS HOURS

C.THIS SIDE UP

D.NO SMOKING 14．Are they going to have a picnic on _______ ?

A. Children’s Day

B. Childrens’s Day

C. Childrens Day

D. Children Day 15．Where are the students? Are they in _______ ?

A. the Room 406

B. Room 406

C. the 406 Room

D. 406 Room

【课后作业】

一、写出下列名词的复数形式：

1. pencil-box ___________ 2. wife _______ 3. Sunday

________ 4. city

______

5. dress _______

6. Englishman ________ 7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________ 9. zoo ________

10. exam________ 11. German

__________ 二、

单词拼写：

12. I have a lot of ________(作业) to do every day.

13. His _______(裤子) are new, but mine are old. 14. It is the best one of the _________ (照片) in my family.

15. Are they building any _______ (图书馆) in the city?

16. Can you cut this big pear into two _______(半)?

17. At the end of _______(八月), you must get ready for the new school year.

18. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v________.

19. I like a_______. It’s neither hot nor cold.

20. T_______ comes after Monday. △

提

高

型

1.

June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.

A. Child’s

B. Childs’

C. Children’s

D.

Childrens’

2.

September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn’t it?

A. Teacher’s

B. Teachers’

C. Teacher

D. Teacher of

3.

_____ is made of _____.

A. Glass; glass

B. A glass; glass

C. Glasses; glasses D. A glass; glasses 4.

This is _______ news.

A. such a good

B. a very good

C. so good a

D. such good 5.

What ______ it is! Let’s go swimming.

A. a fine weather

B. fine day

C. a fine day

D. bad weather 6.

They like Chinese _____. A. food and peoples B. foods and people C. foods and people D. food and people 7.

Lucy and I go to school _____ every day.

A. on feet

B. on foot

C. by foots

D. by buses 8. –Are those _____?

-No, they aren’t. They’re _____.

A. sheep; cows

B. sheep; cow

C. sheeps; cow

D. sheeps; cows 9. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____?

A. a music; a news

B. music; news

C. music; news

D. music; a news 10.How many ____ and ____ are there in your class?

A. boy student; girl ones

B. girls students; boys ones C. boys student; girl one

D. girl students; boy ones 11.A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.

A. Frenchmen; Germans

B. Frenchmen; Germen

C. German; Frenchmen

D. Germans; Frenchmans 12. That bus driver drank two _____. A. glass of water

B. glasses of waters

C. cups of tea

D. cup of tea

13. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.

A. Bob’s mother

B. Bob’s mother’s

C. mother of Bob

C. Bob mother’s

14. The tall man with a big nose is _______ teacher. A. Tom and Carl

B. Tom’s and Carl’s

C. Tom and Carl’s

15. There is ______ tree in our school.

A. a 8-metres-tall

B. an-8-metre-tall

C. an 8 metres tall △

综

合

型

1. In ____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A.

few

year B. a few years’

C. few years D. a few year’s

2. Did you hear the ______ report?

A. police

B. policemen’s

C. policemans’

D. policemens’

3. We bought _____ for my mother’s birthday.

A. some meats

B. some pieces meat

C. a piece of meat

D. pieces of meats 4. –Whose is this new desk? -It’s _____.

A. Sue and Jim’s

B. Sue and Jim

C. Sue’s and Jim’s

5. –Would you like _____ coffee?

-No, thanks. I’ve drunk two __.

A.

any; bottles of orange

B. little; bottle of oranges C. some; bottles of orange

D. a few; bottle of orange 6. –How many _____ do you want?

-Two, please. A. kilos of egg

B. kilo of eggs

C. kilos of eggs

D. kilo of bread 7. The railway station is two _____ from our house. A. hour’s drive

B. hours’ drive

C. hour-drive

D. hours drive 8. –Where are you going, Lucy?

-_______. A. To my uncle

B. To my uncle’s

C. At my uncle

D. At my uncle’s

9.

Have you read _____?

A. a newspaper of today’s

B. today newspaper C. a piece of newspaper today

D. today’s newspaper

10. There’re a lot of ___ down there, but hardly any ___.

A. horse; people

B. horses; peoples

C. cow; people

D. sheep; people 11. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea. (2000西安) A. sugar; the two cup

B. sugars; the two cups C. sugar; the two cups

D. sugars; two cups 12. Mr. Lin often gives us _______ by e-mail. (2000上海) A. some good information

B. some good informations C. good informations

D. a good information 13. –Is this your room?

-No, it’s _____ room.

A. the children

B. the children’s

C. of the children

D. the childrens’

14. –I’ll give you _____to finish the work.

-OK.

A.

two week’s time

B. two weeks’ time

C. two week time

D. two weeks time

15. –Who is the man in the blue car?

-He is ______ father.

A.

Kate’s and Mary’s

B. Kate and Mary’s

C. Kate and Mary

D. of Kate and Mary

16. –What can I do for you?

-I’d like two ______.

A. box of apple

B. boxes of apples

C. box of apples

D. boxes of apple 17. –Help yourself to some _________.

-Thank you. I really like them.

A. fish

B. orange

C. bread

D. cakes 18. This is an old photo of mine when I _______. A.

have short hairs

B. had short hairs

C. have short hair

D. had short hair 19. Where is ________ sweater? I can’t see it.

A. Lucy

B. Lucys

C. Lucy’s

20. The little baby has two _______ already.

A. tooth

B. tooths

C. teeth

D. teeths 21. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?

A. seven days’ holiday

B. seven day’s holiday

C. seven-days holiday

D. a seven-days holiday 22. Yesterday a few _____ came to visit some ______ in Shantou.

A. German; places of interest

B. Germans; places of interests C. Germans; places of interest

D. Germen; places of interest 23. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down. A. leaf

B. leafs

C. leave

D. leaves

Keys:

基本型

1. pencil-boxes 2. wives 3.Sundays 4. cities 5. dresses 6. Englishmen 7. matches 8. Chinese 9. zoos 10. exams 11. Germans 12. homework 13. pants/trousers 14. photos/pictures 15. libraries 16. halves 17. Augest 18. villages/valleys 19. autumn 20. Tuesday 提高型

1—10 CBBDCDBABD 11—15 ACBCB 综合型

1—10 BBCACCBBDD 11—23 CABBBBDDCCACD