Learning about Language教学设计实例

学案：名词性从句复习

第一部分：主语从句的用法

一. 主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。

1.

That the earth is round is true.

= It is true that the earth is round.

2. Whether he will come hasn’t been decided. = It hasn’t been decided whether he will come.

注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略

(注:if不可引导主从）

二. 用it 作形式主语的结构

(1) It is＋名词＋从句

It is a fact that …

事实是…

It is an honor that

…非常荣幸

It is common knowledge that…是常识

(2) It is＋形容词＋从句

(多用

should)

It is natural that…

很自然…

/

It is strange that…

奇怪的是…

(3) It is ＋

不及物动词＋从句

It seems that…

似乎…

/ It happened

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that…

碰巧… / It appears that…

似乎…

(4) It is＋过去分词＋从句

It is reported that… 据报道…

/ It has been proved that…已证实… / It is said that… 据说…

it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较

it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人也可用who/whom。

判断:It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film.

It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.

It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window 第二部分：宾语从句的用法：

句子结构：主句

+ 连接词(引导词) + 宾语从句

连接词:从属连词that, whether, if

连接代词

Who, whom, whose, which,

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what

连接副词

where, how, why, when 一. 连词

(引导词) 1.

当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句), 连词由that引导, 因为that在从句中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。

Jane said (that) she wasn’t late for the meeting.

2. 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由特殊疑问词充当连接词, 因为该特殊疑问词(即连接词)在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。

Do you know what he said just now? / I don’t remember when we arrived 3. 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成是否,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。

Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag .

Let’s see if /whether we can find out some

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information about that city . 宾语从句要注意的几个问题

•

1. 时态呼应

•

2. 否定转移: •

3. 形式宾语it的使用

注:在think, believe, suppose, expect 等词后,宾从中谓语的否定常转移到主句的谓语上。

I don’t think he will see you. /

I don’t believe he will go.

注:在接复合宾语的句子中(S+Vt+O+Oc), 为了保持句子平衡, 用it 作形式宾语,将从句放于句尾, 常接复合宾语的动词有: make, find, see, hear, feel, think...

I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.

第三部分：表语从句的用法

引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。

其基本结构为:主语

+ 系动词

+ that从句。

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That’s what we should do. /

That’s why I want to see you.

1. be, seem, look等动词后均可跟表语从句：

My suggestion is that we should go shopping. / It seems that it is going to rain.

2. as if, because 也可引导表语从句。

It looks as if it’s going to rain. / It was because I got up late.

3. 在非正式文体中,引导表语从句的that可以省略。如: The trouble is (that) he is ill. 注意:在表语从句中,当reason做主语时, 引导词只能用that,不能用because. 如:他迟到的原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。

The reason why he was late was that he didn’t catch the early bus.

第四部分：同位语从句

同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, news, promise, truth, belief, thought, idea, answer, information, knowledge, doubt, hope, law, opinion, plan, suggestion后面, 用以说明或解释前面的名词.

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The news that our team has won the match is true. His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway. 注:

1. that 引导同位语从句that 引导定语从句的区别: 引导同位语从句的that 无实际意义, 不作从句的任何成分, 而引导定语从句that从句的某个成分

He told me the news that our team won the match. He told me the news that was very exciting. We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school. We are interested in the news that he told us. 2. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句.

I have no idea where he has gone. / I have no idea when he did it. /I have no idea what he did.

在学习和使用名词性从句时要特别注意以下几点：

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1. 注意连接词that与what的区别：

that在引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，不在从句中作任何成分；what在引导名词性从句时不仅起连接作用，而且在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等。如：

See the flags on top of the building? That was what we did this morning. （what作did的逻辑宾语）

What makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. （what引导主从，且在从句中作主语）

2. 注意连接词whether与if的区别：

whether可引导所有的名词性从句，if一般只能引导宾语从句。

The question is whether he will accept our invitation and come to our party. （引导表语从句，一般不用if）

Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? （与or not直接连用，只能用whether）

It hasn’t been decided whether (if) we shall

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attend the meeting. It all depends (on) whether they will support us. He doesn’t know whether to stay or not. 关联词if, whether均可使用的情况如下：

A) 引导宾语从句。如：I wonder if (whether) the news is true or not.

B) 在

“be+形容词” 之后。如：He was not sure whether (if) it is right or wrong 3. 注意名词性从句与定语从句的区别：

名词性从句相当于一个名词，在句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语等，而定语从句相当于一个形容词，在句中充当定语。

有些连接词如that, which, where, when等，既可引导名词性从句又可引导定语从句；还有些连接词如what, whatever等，不能引导定语从句。如：

He promised to do everything that he could do to help us out. (that引导定语从句) He promised to do whatever he could do to help us out. (whatever引导宾语从句)

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The coat is still where you have left it. (where引导表语从句) The coat is still in the room where you have left it. (where引导定语从句) 专项练习：

2. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do ____ it takes to save her life.

A. whichever B. however

C. whatever

D. whoever 3. The fact has worried many scientists _____ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. though 4. Could I speak to ______ is in charge of International Sales please?

A. who

B. what

C. whoever

D. whatever 6.

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One of the most important questions they had to consider was ______ of public health.（09海南）

A. what

B. this

C. that

D. which 7. As a new diplomat, he often thinks of _____ he can react more appropriately on such occasions.

A. what

B. which

C. that

D. how

8. News came from the school office ______Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.

A. which

B. what

C. that

D. where

9. It is obvious to the students ______ they should get well prepared for their future.

A. as

B. which

C. whether

D. that 10. －

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Is there any possibility ______ you could pick me up at the airport?

－No problem.

A. when

B. that

C. whether

D. what 11.We should consider the students’ request __ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that

B. when

C. which

D. where 12. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _____ she was and wait for her mother.

A. where B. what

C. how

D. who

13、I have no idea _________. A. how to do

B. when shall we start out for the trip C. what has happened to my wife

D. how much have they earned 14、The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear

he would die of the disease.

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A. that

B. as

C. of which

D. which 15、The film brought the hours back to me _________I was taken good care fo in that far-away village A. until

B. that

C. when

D. where 16、He's got himself into a dangerous situation _________he was likely to lose control over the plane.

A. where

B. which

C. what

D. why 17、That's the only thing ________he can do now. A. which

B. all

C. that

D. what 18、Information has been put forward _____more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while

B. that

C. when

D. as

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19、Along with the letter was his promise _________ he would visit me this coming Christmas. A. which

B. that

C. what

D. whether 20、There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _______ road conditions need ___. A. that; to be improved

B. which; to be improved C. where; improving

D. when; improving 21、He

often asked me the question _______ the work was worth doing. A. whether

B. where

C. that

D. when 22、The order that the prisoner _________ set free arrived too late. A. was

B. had been

C. be

D. would be

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II. 根据括号内的提示完成下列句子。

1. The general gave __________-_______________________________ (战士们立即过河的命令). 2. We’ll discuss _______________________________________ (运动会是否会如期举行的问题). 3. I made a promise _________________________ (如果谁让我自由) I would make him very rich. 4. I have no idea __________________________________________________ (他发生了什么事). 5. _________________________________________ (他们没有完成工作的事实) has to be faced. 6. _____________________________________ (他突然想到) maybe the enemy had fled the city.

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答案：

1-5CCC

6-10 CDCDB

11-15 AACAC

16-20 ACBBA

21-22 AC II. 1. the order that the soldiers should cross the river at once 2. the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on time 3. that if anyone set me free 4. what has happened to him 5. The fact that they didn’t finish the work 6. The thought came to him that

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