Learning about Language教案评析

Unit 4 Pygmalion Learning about Language 过去分词(短语)作状语

一、基础点拨

1. 过去分词(短语)作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词作状语相当于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步等状语从句。若过去分词作状语,

句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成动宾关系,

即是该分词动作的承受者。过去分词(短语)作状语时,

也可在其前面加上连词

when,

if,

once,

though,

unless等,

以便明确作何种状语。

(1)表时间,

相当于一个时间状语从句,

有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。

﹡Seen from the hill,

the city looks like a beautiful garden.

﹡When (you are) given a medical examination, you should keep calm.

(2)表原因,

相当于一个原因状语从句。

﹡Encouraged by the speech(=Because they were encouraged by the speech)，the excited young people stopped arguing.

(3)表条件,

相当于一个条件状语从句,

有时过去分词前可用if 等词。

﹡Given another chance(=If he is given another chance),

he will do it better.

(4)表让步,

相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

﹡Exhausted by the running(=Although he was exhausted by the running)，he went on running after the robber.

(5)表方式或伴随情况。

﹡Seated at the table,

my father and I were talking about my job.

名师点津】过去分词(短语)作伴随或方式状语时通常不能转换为方式状语从句，但可转化为一个并列分句或并列谓语。

﹡He spent a whole day at home, locked in his study. =He was locked in his study and spent a whole day at home. 2. 过去分词(短语)作状语在句中的位置。

过去分词(短语)在句中作状语，可放在主句前作句首状语，后面用逗号与主句隔开，也可放在主句后面，前面用逗号与主句隔开。

﹡He stood there silently, moved to tears.

=Moved to tears, he stood there silently.

二、难点突破

1. 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构或独立主格结构，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。

﹡Her homework done(=After her homework was done)，Mary decided to go shopping.

﹡All things considered, her paper is of great value. 2. 分词的独立结构有时也可以用“with/without + 名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。

﹡All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 【高考体验】

过去分词作状语判断方法

1. 分清句子结构，确定使用非谓语动词

2. 分清句子的主语与非谓语动词之间的关系，

确定用何种非谓语动词形式