Grammar and usage(1): Modal verbs: general introduction优质课教案内容

情态动词讲义

Learning Objectives By the end of the lesson, we will be able to: ·acquire the special usage of some modal verbs in the context; ·apply some grammar rules of modal verbs to solving the problems in practice . Warming-up exercises 1．He ____have the book when I finish it. 2．They______ finish it by now. 3．Stainless steel ____not rust . 4．When he was there, he____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.

A. would

B. should C. had better

D. might 一. Can, could ⑴can和could还可用于表示对事情可能性的推测(常用于否定, 疑句中) 据说我们下周要进行期中考试, 这消息是真的吗？

It’s said that we will have the mid-term exam next week. ___________________? 他不可能去了国外，因为我刚刚在他的办公室遇见他。

_________________________________________ because I met him in his office just now. 现在: could/can’t be

过去: can’t/couldn’t have done

⑵在肯定句中, can还可表示“有时会,往往”

吸烟往往会导致癌症。______________________________________.(中译英) It can be very cold here in winter.______________________________.（英译中）

The World Wide Web is sometimes jokingly called the World Wide Wait because it _____ be very slow. A. should

B. must

C. will

D. can ⑶与 can 的一些常用搭配

①can’t but do sth 不得不 /只好做某事

I can’t but admire the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.

②can’t help doing 忍不住做某事

We couldn't help laughing when we heard the funny story. ③can’t 与 enough 连用表示“再……也不为过 One cannot practice enough when learning a foreign language. 注：此种用法还可用cannot (或never 等否定词）…too…”表达

I can’t thank you too much.= I can’t thank you much enough.

二．Shall shall常用于第一,三人称疑问句中,表示征求对方意见,用于二、三人称陈述句中表示意图、命令、警告、允诺、强制等,在法律法规等文件中表示义务或规定,可译为“必须,应该,可以”等。

Shall he clean the blackboard for you? Take it easy. You _________be offered a job in this company. Mike ___________spare no effort to study. (1) “The interest ______be divided into five parts according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge.

A. may B. should C. must D. shall (2) ---Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report. ---You_______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.

A. shan’t B. might not

C. needn’t D. shouldn’t

(3) The boss said to the secretary, “ If you work well, you ______ have a rise.”

A. must B. ought C. shall D. would 三．Must ⑴“must”与“have to” 都表示“必须,不得不”

must: 指说话人认为“主观”上有必要

have to: 指根据约定, 事情的因素有必要做某事---“客观”

e.g. The train leaves at 7 o’clock. I ___________ (must / have to) go now.

I don’t like my watch. I _______(must / have to) buy a new one.

⑵表推测时指“一定，肯定”的反义疑问句：

You must be hungry now, ___________? You must have heard about it, ___________? You must have watched that football match last night, __________? 你现在一定困了, 不是吗?You must be sleepy now, ______________? He must have watched film last night, ___? He must have watched film, ______? A. hasn’t he B. mustn’t he

C. didn’t he D. hadn’t he

⑶must有时表示“偏要”，含“责备，抱怨”之意 我已经跟你讲过很多遍了, 为什么你偏要在课堂上讲话呢? I have told you many times.____________________________? 现在已是午夜了, 你偏要这个时候弹钢琴吗? It is midnight. _______________________________________? 四．Should ⑴表示感到意外、惊讶等意思，意为“竟会”

Why should you be so late today? -----Where are my new sneakers? ----- How ______ I know? I’m your sister, not your servant.

A.

shall B. will C should D. might You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _______be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would (2)在虚拟语气中的运用

①在与将来事实相反的假设中的运用

If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.= Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. ②用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的名词性从句后的运用，如demand, order, insist, suggest等。名词性从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should +动词原形”，should 可以省略。

He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. ③用于It is desired/necessary/important/strange/ essential +that 从句，从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”， should 可以省略。

It is strange that he (should) have treated his parents like that. ④用于It is (high) time (that )…句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，或用

“should+动词原形（其中should不能省略）。意为“（现在）该……”, 用来表示提议。

It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school.=It is time that I should go to pick up my daughter at school. 五．Would (1)表示过去常常做某事

My grandfather would walk his dog after supper when he was in good condition. (2)与 rather 连用，表示宁愿做某事

I would rather stay at home than wander outside. 注：在would rather 后的宾语从句中也用虚拟语气，用动词的过去式虚拟当时或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。

Most insurance agents would rather you ______ anything about collecting claims until they investigate the situation. A. do B. don’t do C. would do D. didn’t do

六．Will ⑴.用于非人主语时，表示固有性质，倾向。

The window won’t open .窗子打不开。

⑵.有时表示“难免”。

Accidents will happen.事故难免会发生。

七．May ⑴. “May well +动词原形”意为“很可能” .

Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her. ⑵. “may as well+动词原形”意为

“最好，满可以，倒不如”。

You may as well do it at once. ⑶. may 可以用于祈使句，表示祝愿. May we never forget each other. 八．Need和dare ⑴两者既可作情态动词也可作为行为动词。

Students needn’t go to school at weekends. = Students don’t need to go to school at weekends.

He didn’t dare to look at her in the face.= He dared not look at her in the face.

⑵Need 作为行为动词时，还可表示“需要”，后接动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式表示被动含义. The floor needs sweeping / to be swept. ⑶

作为行为动词的dare 用于疑问句或否定句时，后接不定式，to 可省略. Did he dare (to) tell her? 他敢告诉她吗?

We don’t dare (to) say anything. 我们什么也不敢说. 【注】I dare say 是习惯说法，常译为“很可能”、“大概”、“我想”等. I dare say (that) you are right. 我想你是对的. Exercises: 1.

---What sort of house do you want to have? Something big? ---Well, it ________ be big—that’s not important.

A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. won’t

2. 改错

Mr. Li mustn’t have gone to Shanghai because I saw him a few minutes ago. 3. ---Mom! Jack has broken a cup! ---Doesn’t matter. Accidents ____ happen.

A. should B. must C. will D. shall 4. I still remember my happy childhood when my mother____ take me to Disneyland at weekends. A. might B. must C. would D. should 5. It has been announced that candidates ______ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. A. can B. will C. may D. shall 6 .You can’t imagine that a well –behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 7. Tom, finish your homework first, or you ___________ watch TV! A. shan’t B. couldn’t C. needn’t D. may not 8. ---She looks very happy. She ______ (must / might) have passed the exam. ---I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.

9.

The door____ open, no matter how hard she pushed. A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. wouldn’t D. mightn’t

10. Hearing the steps of the police, the thief _______ move at all. A. dares not B. dared not to C. didn’t dare to D. not dare 11. ---Where is my dictionary? I remember I put it here yesterday. ---You ____it in the wrong place. A. must put B. should have put C. might put D. might have put 12. It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, ___bring me food. A. might B. would C. should D. could 13. Mike, look at the time. ______you play the piano at such a late hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need 14. She is already two hours late. What ______to her? A. may have happened B. can have happened C. should have happened D. must happen 15. If it were not for the fact that she __sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not

16. It is recommended that passengers______ keep their cell phones on when the plane is landing. A.

not B. need not C. could not D. would not 17. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been 18. My suggestion is that Tom__ abroad and he stay here until the project completes. A.

send B. should not send C. be sent D. not be sent 19. --- Did you go to Taylor Swift’s concert last night?

---I would rather I ____. But I was preparing a report for my boss. A. did B. had C. would D. might 20. The sleeping baby would be scared ____a sudden loud noise. A.

was there B. there was C. should there be D. there should be