Using LanguageⅠ板书设计及意图

一、构成和用法

1. 过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种（v-ed），在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。

(1) 作状语：

1) Interested in the stories (＝as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 in advance.

因为对她的小说感兴趣，他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。

2) The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (＝and (he) was buried in his lessons).

那位男孩坐在桌前，埋头做功课。

(2) 作定语：

1) The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（＝that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the sheep.

第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。

2) The name mentioned in the letter（＝which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me. 信里提到的名字我不熟。

(3) 作表语：

We were surprised to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。

(4）作宾语补足语：

He found it hard to make himself understood. 他发现很难使自己被理解。

问题：由上例（斜体部分）你能看出过去分词有什么特点？

结论：a）过去分词（常常）表示“被动”含义。

．．

b）作状语和定语时，多数是由相应的从句转化而来。

2. 下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动：

1) The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。

2) At present China is still less developed than most western countries.

目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。

3) Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。

问题：斜体部分的动词有什么共同点？

结论：fall（掉，落下），develop（发展），boil（煮）等动词在上例中是不及物动词，不及物动词是不能表示被动的，它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。

3. 过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。如：

1) Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway.

由于没有给我足够的时间，我只得中途放弃。

4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。如：

1) Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在这个故事的鼓舞下，我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。

5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。

(1) 副词＋过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused（被滥用的），homemade（家制的）

(2) 名词＋过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）

(3) 另外还有，形容词（或名词）＋名词＋ed的形式：kind-hearted（心地善良的），absent-minded（心不在焉的），

warm-blooded（温血的）

二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词

有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词，这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关，如：

amaze（使吃惊）—amazed—amazing; excite（使兴奋）—excited—exciting, please（使满意）—pleased—pleasing, thrill（使紧张）—thrilled—thrilling等。这类过去分词表示：

①“感到……的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：

1) The public was shocked at his intention to clone a human.

公众对他克隆人的意图感到震惊。

．．．．2) The disappointed parents gave a wry smile. （感到）失望的父母苦笑了笑。

．．．．．②流露出……的（showing the feeling of），用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修饰象look, expression, eye等名词，如：

1) The audience wore a bored look on their faces. 听众脸上挂着厌烦的表情。

．．．．．现在分词则表示“令人（感到）……的（giving the feeling of），主要修饰表示事物的名词，但也不尽然。如：

2) The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望。

．．．．3) They rejoiced at the exciting news. 他们对这令人兴奋的消息欣喜若狂。

．．．．．试比较：

the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩感到失望）

the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩令人失望）

因此，在特定的语境中要多加推敲。

三、图解分词（分词各种形式的比较）

在多数情况下，现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”的含义；

过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”的含义；

如果是“被动”但又是“进行”，那么就用“现在分词的被动式”，“现在分词的被动式”一般用作定语。

如果是“主动”但又是“完成”，那么就用“现在分词的完成式”，“现在分词的完成式”用作状语。

如下图：

现在分词的被动式

the bridge being built

正在（被）兴建的桥

主动

＋

进行

＝现在分词

the workers building the bridge

正在建桥的工人

被动

＋

完成

＝过去分词

the bridge built 已（被）建成的桥

现在分词的完成式

Having built the bridge, the workers were allowed some days’ leave. 建完了桥后，……

语法练习：

1. What did the librarian _____ out of the library? A. permit to take

B. forbid to be taken C. allow to take

D. insist being taken 2. ---- Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn? ---- _____ the boring time. A. Kill

B. Killing

C. To kill

D. Having killed 3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _____ the joy with all the Chinese. A. share

B. shared

C. having shared

D. about to share 4. When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend ______. A. playing with

B. having played with C. with whom to play with

D. with whom to play 5. _____ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _____ out of life. A. Seeing; frightened

B. Seeing; frightening C. Seen; frightened

D. To see; frightening 6. Could you give me a hand ______ from a car, please? A. to carry the shopping

B. for carrying the shopping C. and carrying shopping

D. carrying the shopping 7. Every minute must be made full use of ______ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming. A. going over

B. to go over

C. go over

D. our going over 8. Who did the teacher have ______ an article for the wall newspaper just now? A. written

B. writing

C. write

D. to write 9. ______ a boy of ten, he started working to support himself. A. Being

B. When still

C. Because of

D. While 10. It is worth much______ is worth doing. A. doing it

B. what to do

C. do what

D. to do what 11. There is always the chance ______ the weak ____ the strong. A. of, defeating

B. about, defeating

C. of, winning

D. of, to defeat 12. She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to ____ her. A. have seen

B. seeing

C. see

D. be seen 13. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _____ in all 20,000 people. A. seating

B. seated

C. sitting

D. to seating 14. “If ,” he added, “ _____ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”

A. to give

B. I was given

C. given

D. to be given 15. ---- Can’t you take a few days off from work to go with me to New York?

---- Sure. _____ my way and I will be glad to. A. Pay

B. If you pay

C. To pay

D. Paying 16. ______ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand ______. A. Giving; raised

B. Given; raised

C. Given; risen

D. Giving; rising

17. ---- Shall we go swimming? ---- Ok, I’ll just go and get _______.

A. to change

B. myself changed

C. changed

D. to be changed 18. ---- Would you do me a favor? ---- I regret ______ I am busy right now. A. to say

B. saying

C. having said

D. to have said 19. I have no one _____ me, for I am a new comer here. A. help

B. helping

C. to help

D. to have helped 20. The building ____ in our school is for us teachers. Though there’s noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built

B. having been built

C. to be built

D. being built 21. There’s ____ what the weather will be like tomorrow. A. no knowing

B. not known

C. not knowing

D. no known 22. ---- You ___ part in the party on time. ---- Sorry, I was delayed by the accident. A. are to take

B. were supposed to take B. were to have taken

D. supposed to take? 23. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn’t seem high at all.

A. When compared

B. To compare C. While comparing

D. It compared 24. _____ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself ____ at the party. A. Dressed; noticed

B. Dressing; noticing C. Dressed; noticing

D. Dressing; noticing 25. The matter ____ your study surely requires ____ carefully. A. relating to; dealing with

B. related to; dealt with C. related to; being dealt with

D. relating to; having dealt with 26. Everything ___ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions. A. to take

B. taken

C. to be taken

D. taking 27. ---- What do you think of the plan? ---- It’s easier said than _____. A. carried out

B. carrying out C. carry out

D. to carry out 28. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum (博鳌论坛

) because they knew what ____ from the forum. A. to get

B. to be got

C. got

D. getting 29. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like ____to themselves. A. to introduce

B. to be introduced C. introducing

D. being introduced 30. ---- Were you at home last Sunday? ---- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _____ the English grammar. A. review

B. reviewing

C. be reviewed

D. being reviewed 31. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.

A. are bought

B. bought

C. been bought

D. buying 32. ____, John returned to school from his hometown. A. The summer vocation being over B. The summer vocation is over C. Because the summer vocation over D. After the summer vocation being over 33. ____ she can’t come, who will do the work?

A. Supposed

B. Supposing C. Having supposed

D. Being supposed 34. ---- Is there anything you want from town? ---- No, thank you. But I would like to get ______. A. those letters mailed

B. mailed letters C. to mail those letters

D. those letters mail 35. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could ____ the rooms. A. tidy up

B. to clear away

C. clear away

D. tidying up 36. _____ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles. A. Believe

B. To believe

C. Believing

D. Believed 37. To tell you the truth, I’d rather read than watch TV; the programs seem _____ all the time. A. to get worse

B. to be getting worse C. to have got worse

D. getting worse 38. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as well as boys _____ to go to school. A. to be encouraged

B. encouraging C. encouraged

D. be encouraged 39. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office ____. A. to send it to

B. to send it C. to be sent to

D. to have it sent 40. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _____ as interpreter. A. the guide acts

B. the guide acting C. acting

D. acted 41. Linda is thought to ________ in Africa, but I really don’t know what country she worked in. A. have worked

B. work

C. be working

D. be worked 42. _____ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb. A. To save

B. Saved

C. Saving

D. Having saved 43. ____ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school. A. Having given

B. Given

C. To give

D. Give 44. Whatever trouble Mr. White had ____ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion. A. deal

B. to deal

C. dealt

D. dealing 45. _____ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to

Florida. A. Discovering

B. To discover

C. To have discovered

D. Discovered 46. What surprised me most was that there appeared a ____ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news. A. worrying

B. worried

C. worry

D. worries 47. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly _______. A. supposing

B. to suppose

C. supposed

D. being supposed 48. ---- Haven’t you seen the sign, ____ “ NO PHOTOS”?

---- I’m really sorry I didn’t.

A. reads

B. to read

C. read

D. reading 49. ____ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out. A. Tasted

B. Being tasted

C. Tasting

D. To taste 50. ----The plan is heard _______ so well that we don’t have to make any changes.

----It is indeed. A. to design

B. designing

C. designed

D. design 51. The woman found it no good ____ her daughter too much money. A. giving

B. being given

C. given

D. gave 52. Her dress has become loose. She appears ____ weight. A. to lose

B. being lost

C. losing

D. to have lost 53. I find these problems are easy ____. A. to be worked out

B. to work them out

C. to work out

D. to be worked them out

54. The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, ____ them more terrible. A. not make

B. not to make

C. not making

D. do not make

55. ----I would like to buy an expensive camera. ----Well. We have several models ____. A. to choose from

B. of choice C. to be chosen

D. for choosing 56. Tigers _____ meat-eating animals _____ meat. A. belonged to; fed on

B. belonging to; feed on

C. were belonged to; feed on

D. belonging to; feeding on

57. ----Is it _____ the bad smell that is difficult? ----Of course. A. how getting rid of

B. got rid of C. to get rid of

D. being got rid of 58. Never ______ off your coat; it’s rather cold outside.

A. take

B. taking

C. to take

D. taken 59. You have no business______ to me the way you did yesterday. A. about talking

B. talking

C. talked

D. on talking

60. We must treasure every minute because______ time is ______forever. A. lost; losing

B. lost; lost

C. losing; losing

D. losing; lost

参考答案：

1—5 BCADA

6—10 ABCBD

11—15 ABACA

16—20 BCACD

21—25 ACAAA

26—30 BAABB

31—35 BABAD

36—40 ABCAB

41—45 CADDA

46—50 BCDCC

51—55 ADCBA

56—60 BCABB

高考资源网

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高考资源网

w。w-w*k&s%5￥u