Grammar公开课教案（教学设计）

Period 2 :

Grammar and usage

Step 1: General introduction 1.

Revision of the present perfect tense.

Warming up

Warming up by reading, turn to page 34 and do the exercises. 1) Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. 2) Complete these sentences in Exercise 2. Use either the past simple tense or the present perfect tense. Say the differences between them.

Summary about the present perfect tense The action happened in the past, but has much effect or cause certain result to today. 1)

To denote continuous action or state (表持续的动作或状态,常和since或for引导的短语连用). e.g. I have lived here for more than thirty years.

I have been here since last October. 2)

To denote the past repeated action

(表过去重复的动作,常和always ,often ,many times, every day等时间状语连用). e.g. My father has always gone to work by bike.

(我父亲一向是骑车上班)

It has rained every day this week.

(这个星期天天下雨)

3)

To denote the future

(表将来, 尤用在时间状语从句中) e.g. We are going after we have had breakfast.

I will wait until he has written his letter. It is used with “ just, recently, before, never ,always, often ,already, in the past ,so far, up to now, till now” and so on.

The NMET tests: 1)

--- The window is dirty. --- I know. It

____ for weeks. (2004) A. hasn’t cleaned

B. didn’t clean

C. wasn’t cleaned

D. hasn’t been cleaned

2) The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____ increased enormously ever since.

(2004 北京

) A. had considered

B. has been considering

C. considered

D. is going to consider 3) More patients ____ in hospital this year than last year.

(2004 江苏

) A. treated

B. have treated

C. had been treated

D. have been treated 4) --- We have not heard from Jane for a long time. --- What do you suppose ____ her?

(2005 河北

) A. happened to

B. has happened to C. will happen

D. was happened to 5) --- What a hot day!

--- We ____ such hot weather for almost ten days.

A. have been having

B. have had

C. are having

D. had had

6) We ______ our new neighbours yet, so we don’t know their names.

(2006 上海

)

A. don’t meet

B. won’t meet

C. haven’t met

D. hadn’t met

7) The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I _____ before.

(2005)

A. was having

B. have

C. have ever had

D. had ever had 8) He

_____

more than 5,000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.

A. has learned

B. would have learned

C. learned

D. had learned 9) They had been working on the program for almost one weeks before I joined them, and now we _____on it as no good results _____ so far.

(2005 江苏

)

A. are still working , come out

B. were still working , come out

C. have worked , have come out

D. are still working ,have come out

10) Let’s keep to the point or we ____ any decisions.

(2004)

A. will never reach

B. have never reached

C. never reach

D. never reached ( Keys : 1.D

2.B

3.D

4.B.

5.B

6.C

7. C

8. D

9. D

10. A ) 2. Exercises for the participles

Translate the following into English by using the present perfect tense. 1) 有人把窗户打破了。

2) 他到过许多国家。

3) 自从我来到这所学校，她一直教我。

4) 我有三个月没买过任何东西。

5) 雨还没有停，你怎么能走呢？

6) 他们晚饭后经常下棋。

7) 直至近日，他将此书藏在一个神秘的地方。

8) 我们过不了河，因为河水涨了。

9) 他们晚饭后经常下棋。

Keys：

1)

Someone has broken the window. 2)

He has been to many countries. 3)

She has been teaching me since I came to this school. 4)

I haven’t bought anything for three months.

5)

How can you go before the rain has stopped ?

6) They often play chess after they have had supper. 7) Until recently he has hidden the book in a secret place. 8) We cannot cross the river because the water has risen. 9) They often play chess after they have had supper. Step 3: Homework Writing

Look at the way the words and and but are used in this sentence from A Lively City. You know, I have seen quite a lot of China, and I have visited some beautiful cities, but this is one of the most attractive places I have been to . Now complete the paragragh below with “and” or “but” on page 37.

Suggested answers: Cities are exciting, interesting places to live, and I have always enjoyed living in them, as there is so much to do and see. There are museums, cinemas, theatres, art galleries, parks ,coffee bars ,clubs

and many other places where people can meet and

exchange ideas. But there are times when I need the peace and quiet of the countryside. Cities are interesting, and they can be beautiful, but they are never beautiful in the way that the countryside is beautiful .By this I mean that they do not have the beauty of nature, trees and hills, lakes and streams. I love cities, but there are times when I need to get out into the countryside and get away from the noise, the dirt and the people .I think that there are many people who feel the same way.