Writing教学设计(第一课时)

[技法指导] 描写或介绍某一地方的文章是常见的写作形式，写此类文章应注意以下几点：

1．明确写作中心，确定写作目的。

通过认真审题，同学们根据文章的阅读对象确定其写作目的，继而初步确定通过文章要表现这一地方的哪些要素。

2．抓取地方的特点或特色事件进行写作。

要写好一个地方必须抓住这个地方区别于其他地方的特殊之处。虽然位置、面积、环境、气候、人口、经济、文化、资源等都是表现一个地方的重要手段，但大家应在初步列出写作素材的基础上，围绕那些最能表现中心思想、突出地方特色的要素或事件展开写作，力戒空洞、笼统的词句和与主题无关或关系不大的内容。

3．安排好写作顺序。

在安排写作要素时大家要根据实际需要采用并列、递进、对比等形式构建框架，力求写作要素井然有序、逻辑清晰、浑然一体。

4．安排好文章结构。

在描写一个地方的文章中大家可以采用有形或无形的四节式结构展开写作，即引题(点明主旨，根据中心)、蓄势(抓取地方的突出特点)、揭题(详写最能体现地方特色的要素或事件)、升华(紧扣主题或议论或抒情)。

黄金表达，教你如何营造亮点

1．说明某地的位置：

(1)It is in the middle of the city. (2)It lies in the east of Beijing. (3)It stands/is situated on the bank of the Changjiang River. (4)The factory is built by a river.

(5)表示某地方位的常用词语：

beside/by the side of

在……旁边

behind/at the back of

在……后面

next to/near to

紧靠着/在……附近

on the right/left

在右/左边

in (the) front of

在……前面

opposite to

在……对面

around

在……周围

far from

远离……

2．说明某地的自然状况：

The city has many parks. The neighborhood is very beautiful and comfortable to live in. There is a small river running through the city.

3．说明某地的特色建筑：

More and more factories and roads have been built recently. A great statue has been built in honor of those heroes.

4．补充说明或进一步说明其他情况：

Besides, a new and modern hospital has been built/ set up.

In addition, an airport will be set up soon. What's more, a subway will be built in the near future.

[写作规范] [题目要求] 大英博物馆(The British Museum)是世界上最著名的博物馆之一，请根据下列表格提供的内容，写一篇短文，刊登在你校的英文报刊上，以便让更多的同学了解它。

位置

创办时间

历史

000件藏品和大量书籍、手稿等捐给了国家，通过募捐，政府建起了蒙塔古大伦敦的大罗素广场(Great Russell Square) 1753成立，1759年1月对公众开放。

1753年，英国的收藏家汉斯·斯隆爵士(Duke Hans Sloane)在其遗嘱中将他的71，

楼(Montague Building)。博物馆在开放后从世界各地获得了大量的珍贵的藏品。

一共包括10个分馆，藏有展品700万件。著名的展品有：《亚尼的死者之书》规模

(The

Book

of

the

Dead

Janie)和罗塞塔石碑(Rosetta Stone)等。

地位

世界上历史最悠久的博物馆。

注意：1.词数：100左右，短文的结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2．短文要求包含所有要点，但不必逐条翻译；

3．可以适当发挥，增加细节以使行文连贯。

参考词汇：手稿manuscript

Every year, a great many visitors at home and abroad are attracted there. [三步作文法] 第一步：搜索词汇

1．坐落于

be_located_at/in 2．建立

set_up 3．去世

pass_away 4．募捐

collect_money 5．全世界

all_over_the_world 6．被分成

be_divided_into 7．国内外

at_home_and_abroad 第二步：由词造句

1．大英博物馆坐落于伦敦的大罗素广场，被认为是世界上最著名的博物馆之一。

①Located_at_Great_Russell_Square,_in_London,_the British Museum is widely believed to be one of the most famous museums in the world. ②The British Museum, which_is_located_at_Great_Russell_Square,_in_London,_is widely believed to be one of the most famous museums in the world. ③The British Museum is_located_at_Great_Russell_Square,_in_London,_and is widely believed to be one of the most famous museums in the world. 2．随着时间的发展，大英博物馆从世界各地获得了大量的珍贵的藏品。

More than two thirds of the world's polar bears will be wiped out by 2050, according to a shocking new study. By then, scientists say，global warming will have melted 42 percent of the Arctic sea ice. By 2100, only a very few of these important creatures will be left. The report has been produced by the US Geological Survey. The scientists have publicized their findings in the hope of influencing US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, who has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list. Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food. Without enough ice, polar bears would be forced to go onto the land, where they are poorly skilled hunters, and would be unlikely to adapt to the life on the land in time. Experts say few little bears would survive and the stress could make many females unable to get pregnant. The team of American and Canadian scientists spent six months studying bears，on the ground，from spotter planes and in the lab, using computer models.Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says. They say the Arctic is warming faster than anywhere in the world and much faster than their computer had been forecasting. Satellite observations have shown that the ice has decreased to an all-time low. However, not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale. Another investigation has found that polar bears are still being hunted by wealthy “sportsmen”

who want their skins and heads. At least ten international companies offer bear-hunting trips. 语篇解读：本文通过北极变暖导致北极熊急剧减少的例子来呼吁人们关注全球变暖，同时提高对濒危动物的保护意识。

1．What do we know about Dirk Kempthorne according to the passage?

A．He is an animal scientist.

B．He is a protector of animals working for the US government.

C．He was asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.

D．He offered to put polar bears on the endangered species list.

解析：选C

细节理解题。根据第二段中的“...US Interior Secretary Dirk Kempthorne, who

has been asked to put polar bears on the US endangered species list.”可知C项正确，A项错误。文章中没有信息能表明B、D两项正确，故选C。

2．Why will polar bears die out if there is not enough sea ice? A．Because polar bears can't catch enough food without ice. B．Because polar bears eat ice when they feel thirsty. C．Because polar bears will be easily found by hunters without ice. D．Because most female bears are used to giving birth under ice. 解析：选A

细节理解题。由文章第三段第一句“Polar bears depend on floating sea ice as a platform for hunting seals, which are their main food.”可知A项正确。

3．After a six­month study, some scientists fear that ________．

A．there is something wrong with their computers B．polar bears will disappear even faster than they ever expected C．their computer models are not as accurate as they expected D．global warming will destroy everything in the Arctic 解析：选B

细节理解题。由文章第四段第二句“Some team members fear the result is even worse for the bears than what their report says.”可知B项正确。

4．What does the writer want to tell us in the last paragraph? A．The forecast about the future of polar bears is not correct. B．Global warming won't have any effect on hunting trips in the Arctic. C．Polar bears are an endangered species as a result of bear­hunting. D．People don't pay enough attention to the protection of endangered species. 解析：选D

段落大意题。根据“not everyone in the scientific community believes that global warming is happening on such an alarming scale.”可知D项正确。

Ⅱ.任务型阅读

Americans use many expressions with the word “dog”. People in the United States love their dogs and treat them well. 1.________However, dogs without owners to care for them lead a different kind of life. The expression, to lead a dog's life, describes a person who has an unhappy existence. Some people say we live in a dog­eat­dog world. 2.________They say that to be successful, a person has to work like a dog. This means they have to work very, very hard. Such hard work

can make people dog-tired. And, the situation would be even worse if they became sick as a dog. 3．________This means that every person enjoys a successful period during his or her life. To be successful, people often have to learn new skills. Yet, some people say that you can never teach an old dog new tricks. They believe that older people do not like to learn new things and will not change the way they do things. 4．________People who are unkind or uncaring can be described as meaner than a junkyard dog. Junkyard dogs live in places where people throw away things they do not want. Mean dogs are often used to guard this property. They bark or attack people who try to enter the property. However, sometimes a person who appears to be mean and threatening is really not so bad. We say his bark is worse than his bite. Dog expressions are also used to describe the weather. The dog days of summer are the hottest days of the year. A rainstorm may cool the weather. But we do not want it to rain too hard. 5.________ A．We do not want it to rain cats and dogs. B．Still, people say every dog has its day. C．That means many people are competing for the same things, like good jobs. D．Dogs are their best friends and they are loyal to people. E．There are many other expressions waiting for you to explore. F．Some people are compared to dogs in bad ways. G．They take their dogs for walks, let them play outside and give them good food and medical care. 语篇解读：文章介绍了美国人使用许多带有“dog”的表达方式。

1．解析：选G

考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。上一句讲述美国人很爱他们的狗，而且对待狗也很好，可知他们会经常遛狗，带狗出去玩儿，为狗提供良好的食物和医疗护理。故选G。

2．解析：选C

考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。这一段讲述了如果要成功，就必须像狗一样地工作。这意味着他们必须工作非常非常努力。可知人们必须努力去竞争得到同样的东西，比如好的工作。故选C。

3．解析：选B

考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。后一句讲述了人们在一生中总会有成功的那一天。可知前一句说了每个狗都有属于自己的一天。故选B。

4．解析：选F

考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。这一段讲述了不和善、没心没肺的人会被描述为比垃圾狗还冷漠的人。说明在一些不好的方面人还被比作狗。故选F。

5．解析：选A

考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据前一句暴风雨会使得天气变凉爽，但是我们不想雨下得太大。故选A。

Ⅲ.完形填空

Recently, I flew to Las Vegas to attend a meeting. As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced (宣布) with apology that there would be a slight __1__ before landing. High desert winds had __2__ the airport to close all but one runway. He said that we would be __3__ the city for a few minutes waiting to __4__. We were also told to remain in our seats meanwhile with our seat belts fastened__5__ there might be a few bumps (颠簸). Well, that few minutes turned into about four－five minutes, including a ride that would make a roller coaster (过山车) pale by__6__．

The movement was so sudden that several passengers felt __7__ and had to use airsickness bags (晕机袋) . As you might guess, that's not good thing to happen in a(n) __8__space because it only__9__ to increase the discomfort of the situation. About twenty minutes into the adventure, the entire airplane became very__10__. There was now a sense of worry and fear that could be__11__ noticed.Every passenger simply held on for dear life ... except one. A__12__ was having a good time! With each bump of the__13__ he would let out a giggle (咯咯的笑) of happiness. As I observed this, I__14__ that he didn't know he was supposed to be afraid and worried about his __15__. He neither thought about the past nor about the future. Those are what we grown-ups have learned from__16__. He was __17__the ride because he had not yet been taught to fear it. Having understood this, I took a deep breath and__18__back into my seat, pretending I was __19__ on a roller coaster (过山车). I smiled for the rest of the flight. I even__20__to giggle once or twice, which is much to the anger of the man who was sitting next to me and holding the airsickness bag. 语篇解读：本文记述了作者的一次经历。一次因开会去拉斯维加斯时，飞机因沙尘暴而延时降落，在不断延长的等待和飞机剧烈的颠簸中，成年人焦急、害怕，唯独不知恐惧的婴

儿却在享受着过山车一样的颠簸。因此作者也深受启发，体验了一次孩子的享受。

1．A.mistake

B．delay

C．change

D．wind

解析：选B

mistake“错误”；delay “延迟”；

change“变化”；wind “风”。根据“High desert winds ...to close all but one runway”可知，因沙尘暴关闭所有的跑道，只留一条，故应为延时降落，故选B。

2．A.forced

B．warned C．swept

D．reminded 解析：选A

force“强迫”；warn“警告”；

sweep “打扫”；remind“提醒”。因为沙尘暴迫使(force)机场关闭跑道，故选A。

3．A.watching

B．visiting C．circling

D．crossing 解析：选C

watch“观看”；visit“参观，拜访”；circle“绕转”；cross“横穿”。飞机在等待降落的过程中应该是绕城市盘旋，故应选C。

4．A.arrive

B．enter C．stop

D．land 解析：选D

arrive“到达”；enter “进入”；

stop“停止”；land“着陆”。根据上下文句意可知，飞机要绕城市盘旋几分钟以便等待着陆，故选D。

5．A.if

B．though C．because

D．while 解析：选C

if“如果”；though “尽管”；because “因为”；while“然而”。句意：我们被告知仍在座位上坐好，系好安全带，因为飞机可能会有几次颠簸。此处应为because引导的原因状语从句。故选C。

6．A.experience

B．comparison C．adventure

D．challenge 解析：选B

experience “经验”；comparison “比较，对照”；adventure “冒险”；challenge“挑战”。by comparison意为“相比之下”，故选B。

7．A.sick

B．nervous C．angry

D．afraid 解析：选A

sick“恶心的”；nervous “紧张的”；angry “生气的”；afraid“害怕的”。

句意：像过山车一样的剧烈运动使旅客恶心而不得不用晕机袋。故选A。

8．A.empty

B．narrow C．secret

D．open 解析：选B

empty“打开的”。narrow“狭窄的”；secret “秘密的”；open“打开的”。此空前的that指的是using airsickness bags，也就是发生在飞机上狭小空间内的呕吐，因此选用narrow(狭窄的)，后面的space指的是飞机内部空间。故选B。

9．A.serves

B．continues C．fails

D．happens 解析：选A

serve“起……作用，用作……”；continue “继续”；fail“失败”；happen “发生”。在这种情形下本来就很难受，在飞机上呕吐使得这种难受更加强烈。故选A。

10．A.quiet

B．hot C．dirty

D．crowded 解析：选A

quiet “安静的”；hot“热的”；dirty“脏的”；crowded“拥挤的”。根据后文中“a sense of worry and fear”可知，人们都很紧张、焦虑，在这种情形下飞机上的人一定是静悄悄的。故选A。

11．A.partly

B．gradually C．shortly

D．clearly 解析：选D

partly “部分地”；gradually“渐渐地”；shortly“立刻，马上”；clearly“清晰地”。飞机上的焦躁不安，应该是能够很明显的被观察到，故选D。

12．A.pilot

B．baby C．guard

D．man 解析：选B

pilot “飞行员”；baby “婴儿”；guard“警卫”；man“男人”。此处应是“baby”，和下文“we grown-ups”形成对比，故选B。

13．A.seats

B．passengers C．flight

D．airplane 解析：选D

seat“座位”；passenger“乘客”；flight“航班”；airplane“飞机”。由文意可知，飞机的每一次颠簸让孩子体验坐过山车一样的感受，孩子发出咯咯的笑声，故选D。

14．A.realized

B．hoped C．agreed

D．insisted

解析：选A

realize“意识到”；hope“希望”；agree“同意”；insist“坚持要求”。句意：我通过观察，才意识到这个孩子并不知道他应该害怕或是担心自己的安全，故选A。

15．A.health

B．safety C．joy

D．future 解析：选B

health“健康”；safety “安全”；

joy“玩笑”；future“前途”。此处表示，为他的安全担心，故选B。

16．A.teachers

B．books C．experience

D．practice 解析：选C

teacher“老师”；book“书”；

experience “经历”；

practice“实践”。成人都是从孩子时代过来的，是成人的亲身经历让他们知道孩子不知道什么是害怕和担心，故选C。

17．A.learning

B．taking C．missing

D．enjoying 解析：选D

learn“学习”；

take “携带”；

miss“错过”；enjoy“享受”。因为孩子不知道害怕，自然是在飞机的颠簸中享受坐过山车般的快乐，故选D。

18．A.sat

B．lay C．went

D rode 解析：选A

sit“坐”；lie“躺”；go“去”；ride“骑”。sit back into my seat意为“坐回到我的座位上”，故选A。

19．A.nearly

B．finally C．really

D．suddenly 解析：选C

nearly“几乎”；finally “最终”；

really“真的”；

suddenly“突然”。句意：我坐回到我的座位上，假装真的坐上了过山车，故选C。

20．A.attempted

B．managed C．wanted

D．decided 解析：选B

attempt “试图”；

manage“完成”；

want“想要”；

decide“决定”。句意：我甚至咯咯地笑了一两次。作者应该是真的笑出了声，才让邻座的手拿呕吐袋的人懊恼。manage to do“做成了某事”。故选B。

Ⅳ.语法填空

Once there lived a rich man 1.________ wanted to do something for the people of his town.

2.________ first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 3.________ very large stone. Then he 4.________ (hide) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road？”said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 5.________ man came along and did the same thing; then another came, and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 6.________.

Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 7.________ (say) to himself: “The night 8.________ (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.”

Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 9.________(strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 10.________the stone, he found a bag of money. 答案：1.who

2.But

3.a

4.hid

5.Another

6.it

7．saying

8.will be

9.strength

10.Under Ⅴ.短文改错

One day in her way to school, Fang Fang found a wallet near the bus station. She open it and found a lot of money and a calling card. So she knew the owner name, address or telephone number. She thought the owner must be worrying. She went to a public telephone and called the owner. Then she waited at the bus station. The owner came by a taxi very soon and Fang Fang gave the wallet to her. The owner was very thankful that she took out a 100-yuan notes to reward Fang Fang.But Fang Fang polite refused it and went on school. 答案：第一句：in→on 第二句：open→opened 第三句：owner→owner's; or→and 第四句：worrying→worried 第五句：去掉a 第七句：very→so 第八句：notes→note 第九句：polite→politely; no后加to