Learning about Languageppt课件课堂实录

Book8 Unit4

Pygmalion Period 2 Learning about language 过去分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，与主语关系是动宾关系，即被动关系。

一、过去分词作状语时的具体用法：

1．过去分词作时间状语相当于一个时间状语从句。

Asked (When he was asked) what had happened, he lowered his head.

当他被问问题的时候,他低下了头。

2．过去分词作原因状语相当于一个原因状语从句。

Frightened (=Because / As she was frightened) by the tiger, the girl didn't dare to sleep alone.

因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。

3．过去分词作条件状语相当于一个条件状语从句。

Grown (If these seeds are grown) in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.

如果种在肥沃的土壤里，

这些种子能长得很快。

Given (If we were given) more time, we could do it better.

如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以做得更好。

4．过去分词作让步状语相当于一个让步状语从句。

Left (Although he was left) at home, John didn't feel afraid at all.

虽然John被单独留在房间里, 他一点都不害怕。

5．过去分词作状语表示伴随动作或状态。

The teacher entered the classroom, (and he was) followed by a group of students.

老师进入教室，后面跟着一帮学生。

二、现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

a.现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

He went out shutting the door behind him.

他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

b.过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。

Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。

三、过去分词在英语学习中是较难掌握的语法知识，同时又是高考中的热点之一。掌握过去分词作状语可从以下几个方面考虑。

1､理清过去分词作状语时与句子的主语的关系

1)过去分词作状语时，过去分词与主句中的主语形成逻辑上的被动关系，有时也表示动作已完成。

Seen in the dark night, lights on top of tall buildings look like stars in the sky.

(seen表示被动，分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生)

Scolded by the teacher, the girl began to cry.

被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。(scolded表示被动且动作已完成)

____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. Put

B. Putting

C. Having put

D. Being put

Lost in thought, she nearly ran into a tree.

陷入沉思，她差点撞到树上。

(lost意为“迷失的”，与逻辑主语连接起来相当于Because she was lost…，作原因状语)与lost类似的过去分词还有disappointed，

dressed，

determined，

devoted，

tired，

exhausted，

prepared，

seated，

caught等。

After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home，

____.

A. exhausted

B. exhausting

C. being exhausted

D. having exhausted

2､注意过去分词作状语时在句中的位置

作状语的过去分词或短语可置于句子的开头，中间或句末，但是必须用逗号隔开以便与主句分开。

The PE teacher stood in the middle of the playground, surrounded by a group of students.

那位体育老师站在操场中间，被一群学生围着。(过去分词作伴随状语)

____ by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

A. Attracting

B. Attracted

C. To be attracted

D. Having attracted

3､掌握过去分词作状语与状语从句的变换

过去分词作状语在功能上相当于状语从句，在句中表示时间､原因､条件､方式､伴随､让步等。所以经常会遇到过去分词前带有once，

when，

while，

if，

as if，

even if，

though，

unless等连词，我们将这种结构看成在连词与过去分词之间省略了与主句相同的主语和be动词。例如：

Once published, this book will be popular with the students.=Once it is published,

this book will be popular with the students.

这本书一旦出版，它将会受到学生们的欢迎。(过去分词作时间状语。注：分词前once可省略)

____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.

A. Compare

B. When compared

C. Comparing

D. When comparing

No matter how frequently ____, the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.

A. performed

B. performing

C. to be performed

D. being performed

3､独立主格结构

如果句中过去分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，这时必须在过去分词前加上主格的逻辑主语。这就叫作独立主格结构。

The town seen from the hill, we can see it more clearly.=If the town is seen from the hill, we can see it more clearly. 如果从山上看这座城市，我们能看得更清楚。

Everything taken into consideration, the party was a success.

将所有的事情考虑在内，晚会算是成功的。

(taken的逻辑主语不是the party，

所以添加其真正的主语everything)

He sat silently, eyes closed.