Grammar设计意图

Adverbial clause of time 1. While he was traveling in space, Yang spoke to two astronauts aboard the International Space Station.

2. When he was orbiting in the capsule, he took photographs of planet earth. 3. When Yang landed, Premier Wen Jiabao telephoned the Control Center. Adverbial clause of reason 1. “As you have asked me so nicely,”

said Sharon, “I’d be delighted to sign your arm.”

2. Since no one else saw the aliens, not many people believe Mr Bates. 3. Now that I have made this first visit, I hope I can come many more times.

1. 由when, whenever, as , while, after, before,

until, till, since, once, as soon as, 等引导的时间状语从句。

1> When the bell rang, the guard was waiting in his seat.

2> While ants grow they change their forms three times.

3> Three months went by before Aqiao knew it.

2. 由the minute, the moment, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, every time, each time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly 等引导的时间状语从句。

3. 其中the minute, the moment, the instant, the second, 以及immediately, instantly, directly 表达的意思一样, 都是

“一…就…”

可以相互替换。

另外还要注意

hardly …when…

,scarcely…when…, no sooner…than…

意义和用法。这三者的意思都是

“一…就…”. 通常都是hardly, scarcely, no sooner 位于句首,他们后面的主句用had done,且倒装.而when, than 后面的从句用一般过去时

4when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句的

区别。1> 作为

“当…时”讲,when可以和延续性动词连用,也可以和短暂性动词连用,而while 和as

只能和延续性动词连用。

when 从句的谓语动词可以在主句动词之前或之后发生或同时发生.而while 和as 从句的动词必须是和主句的动词同时发生。

when 还有

“在那时”

通常用在以下句

型中。

be about to do …when…

had done…when…

be doing…when…

be on the point of doing…when…

原因状语从句

由because, as, since, now that 引导的原因状语从句。

⑴As the tree was a very small one, it doesn’t take long to chop it down.

⑵

Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr. Smith wanted to give John a chance.

形容词glad, sorry, afraid, pleased , satisfied, proud delighted, 也可以接一个有that引导的原因状语从句, 且that可省略。

原因状语从句中应注意的问题

as, because, for, since 的区别

1> as作为从属连词引导原因状语从句时,语气不如because 强烈。它引导的从句常放在句首, 说明原因, 后面的主句则说明结果。

2> because 引导从句时, 语气最强, 直接回答why的问句。她引导的句子是语意中心所在, 一般在句后。