Learning about Language第一课时教学设计

句子的成分

构成句子的基本单位成为句子成分。根据他们在句中的不同作用分为主语、谓语、表语、宾语、补语、定语和状语等七种。

1.主语（subject）

是句子所论述的主题、也可以说是谓语的陈述对象。主语通常由名词（或名词短语）、代词、数词、不定式、动词的-ing形式、’’无人称“it以及名词性从句充当。 Betty likes her new bike. To learn a foreign language is not easy. Seeing is believing. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 2.谓语（predicate）

由动词构成，说明主语的行为动作或所处的状态。谓语有简单谓语和复合谓语之分。

1)

简单谓语由动词或动词词组构成。

They arrived yesterday. He turned off the light just now. 2)

复合谓语，由“情态动词或助动词+动词“或由”联系动词+表语“构成。

We must study English hard. They have lived here for twenty years. I am a teacher. 3.宾语

是及物动词或及物动词短语的接受者，也可以用于介词之后构成介词短语。宾语有直接宾语（direct object）和间接宾语(indirect object)之分。

Tom bought a story-book. I saw him yesterday. He gave me some ink. Our teacher told us an interesting story. 4.表语（predicative）

说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与联系动词（如：be, become, get, look, grow,turn,seen,feel等）一起构成复合谓语。表语通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词或从句充当。

Her sister is a nurse. It’s me. We were at home last night. His cup is broken. This is why she often cries. The weather has turned cold. 5.补语（complement）

表示主语或宾语的身份、特征或与主语或宾语相同的概念。补语有主语补足语和宾语补足语之分。

1)宾语补足语(由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词和从句充当) We elected him monitor. The teacher thought the girl rather clever. 2)主语补足语

将上面两个主动句变为被动句后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。

He was elected monitor. The girl was thought rather cleaver. 6.定语（attribute）

是描述名词、代词的修饰语，常和名词一起构成名词短语。定语有前置定语（多为单词形式）和后置定语（多为副词、短语或从句）之分。

This is a green jeep. Are these students your classmates? I have something to tell you. 7.状语（adverbial）

是修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或句子的成分；有时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、比较状语、程度状语、目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语和伴随状语等。

You are quite right. She will arrive in Beijing on Monday. He stopped to have a look. We’ll set out if is fine tomorrow. 简单句的五种基本句型

1.主语+联系动词+表语（S+V+P）

The bike is new. The map is on the wall. 2.主语+不及物动词（S+V）

He swims. 3.主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）

Children often sing this song. 4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）

She showed her friends all her pictures. 5.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）

We keep our classroom clean and tidy.