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Grammar

倒装（Inversion）

Purpose: To enable Ss to know about the correct order of inversion in the sentences. 1. Ask Ss to look at the sentences in Activity 1 and pay attention to the negative expressions and only phrases. Then ask them to give some summary.

For your reference:

(1) The negative expression comes at the beginning of the sentence. (2) The main verb comes after negative expressions, and the expressions with only. (3) We invert the subject and the verb. (4) We use than with the expressions no sooner. (5) We used when with the expressions hardly. 2.

Ask Ss to rewrite the sentences in Activity 1 without inversion. Suggested Answers: (1) The man was not able to speak until at least thirty seconds had passed. (2) The boy had no sooner spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon. (3) They had hardly sat down when the warden started shouting at them. (4) I have never heard anything like it!” Mr Limbkins said.

(5) The warden started speaking only after some minutes. (6) Oliver understood his situation only then. (7) I have seldom seen such courage.

(注意：将倒装句恢复成陈述句，否定副词等回位时，一般要放在助动词和行为动词之间。) 3.

Present the detailed information about the inversion to Ss. (1) 部分倒装

①

部分倒装句的结构：

否定意义的副词或连词放在句首时

Only + 副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时

as, however连接的让步状语从句

+ 助动词/情态动词

+ 主语

省略连词if的条件从句

+ 谓语

由连词so, neither, nor 引导的句子

②

部分倒装的情形：

(a) 一般来说，倒装句的句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等引起句子的部分倒装。

“Never have I heard anything like it!” said Mr Limbkins.

Seldom have I seen such courage.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. (b) 以否定词开头作部分倒装还有表达形式：Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner… than，意思是as soon as （一……就……）。如：

Hardly had they sat down when the warden started shouting at them. No sooner had the boy spoken these words, than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon. 注：这类倒装形式，常常以正常语序形式出现，且成为一种考查动词时态的句型。如上述例句可变为：

They had hardly sat down when the warden started shouting at them. The boy had no sooner spoken these words, than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon.

(c) 在本模块学习中我们还接触到only + 时间状语（从句）引起的部分倒装。如：

Only after some minutes did the warden start speaking.

Only then did Oliver understand his situation. 注：并列连词Not only… but also连接两个分句时，在第一个分句用倒装结构，即：倒前不倒后。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不用倒装结构。如：

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also stopped the sender outside. (2) 完全倒装

完全倒装的情形：

① here, there, out, in, up, down, now, then, away等副词一些介词短语置于句

首时，引起完全倒装，但如果主语为人称代词时，不能倒装。如：

Here comes the bus!

Out rushed the students when the bell rang!

There he is.

②

在含有直接引语的句子中。“Where were you born?” asked the policeman.

③

为了使句子达到平衡而使用完全倒装，如果不倒装，句子就会显得头重脚轻。如：

Under the tree sits a beautiful girl, who is dressed in white. A beautiful girl, who is dressed in white, sits under the tree.