Learning about Language教案和课堂实录

Review专题四

语法填空

第一节

四大解题技巧

教学设计

Teaching Aims:Enable the students to grasp and remember the detailed information of the grammatical blanking from the reading material. Teaching Important & Difficult Points How to help the students to grasp and remember the detailed information of grammatical blanking from the reading material. Teaching aids:

a tape recorder, a projector, slides and pictures Teaching Procedure：

Step one

Preparatory

Work Dictation and reading

Step two 语法填空四大解题技巧

一、语法知识填充法

二、词汇填充法

三、逻辑关系填充法

四、固定用法填充法

Lead in （1）语法知识填充法

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典例1 (2017·全国Ⅰ)Fast food is full of fat and salt；by 68.________(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

解析

考查动词-ing形式。

根据语法基础知识可知，介词by后要跟动词-ing形式，故此处应该填eat的-ing形式，因此答案为eating。

点津：语法知识填充法是根据语法基础知识，如主谓一致等要点以及根据句式结构辨别出需要填的相应的连词、副词、形容词以及名词或动词的正确形式等。

牛刀小试1 (2017·全国Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 69.________(care) not to go to extremes

解析

考查形容词。分析语境并根据语法基础知识可知，系动词be后面应该跟形容词作表语，故填形容词careful。

（2）词汇填充法

典例2

(2017·全国Ⅰ)Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be 69.________(care) not to go to extremes.

解析

考查形容词。分析语境并根据语法基础知识可知，系动词be后面应该跟形容词作表语，故填形容词careful。

点津：词汇填充法要根据某些词汇在用法上的特殊搭配进行填充。如：enjoy，allow，suggest，practice等动词后只能接动词-ing形式；want，demand，ask，agree，plan，intend等动词后只能接不定式。

2

牛刀小试2 (2017·全国Ⅲ)But Sarah，who has taken part in shows along with top models，wants 65.________(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 解析

考查动词不定式。动词want 后要接不定式to do sth.，表示“想做某事”，因此答案填to prove。

（3）逻辑关系填充法

典例3(2016·四川)It was time for her to have a new baby,70._____ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.

解析

考查并列连词。句意为：她是时候再生一个孩子了，并且熊猫宝宝也到了该独立的时候了。It was time for...和it was also time for...之间是并列关系，故用and连接。

点津：逻辑关系填充法是指根据上下文的逻辑关系进行填充。

常考的逻辑关系词汇主要有：

(1)表示并列：and，or，meanwhile，as well as，the same as，either...or...，neither...nor...，equally (2)表示转折：but，however，yet (3)表示递进：still，also，indeed，besides，furthermore，moreover (4)表示让步：though，although，even though，even if，anyway，anyhow (5)表示因果：as，because，since，now that，for，as a result of，so that，so/such...that...，consequently，result in/from，thus，therefore，so (6)总分关系：for example，for instance，such as，including 3

(7)结构层次：first，second，third，finally

牛刀小试3 (2017·浙江)Pahlsson screamed 58.___ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt myself，” says Pahlsson.

解析

考查副词。分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。故答案填so。

（4）固定用法填充法

典例4

(2017·全国Ⅰ)When fat and salt are removed from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 65.___ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. 解析

考查固定词组。固定短语as a result意为“结果”。句意为：结果，人们将吃更多的食物尽量去弥补缺少的东西。故答案填a。

牛刀小试4 (2016·全国Ⅱ) Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68.___ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.

解析

考查固定词组，for a while一会儿。译文：让你的身体和思想休息一会儿。

Step three：

practice 跟踪训练1 Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 63._________(process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several 4

other bodily functions.When fat and salt 64.___________(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 65.__ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 66.______(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 67.___(be) full of fat and salt；by 68.______(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. 点津：

63.解析

考查实词之动词，运用词汇填充法解答该题。require sth.to do sth.需要某物做某事，此处用了被动语态，所以填动词不定式to process

64.解析

考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时，由于主语fat and salt是复数概念，且与remove是被动关系，所以填一般现在时的被动语态结构are removed。

65.解析

考查虚词，运用固定用法填充法解答该题。as a result结果，是固定搭配。

66.解析

考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。根据语境可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse更糟糕的是，可以看作固定搭配。

67.解析

考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast food(快餐)是不可数名词短语，谓语动词用单数形式is。

68.解析

考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。介词by之后接动名词作宾语。

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跟踪训练2 Later，engineers 68.________(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which became known as the Tube.This development was only possible with the 69.___________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.The Central London Railway was one of the most 70._________(success) of these new lines，and was opened in 1900.It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages，and proved extremely popular with the public.

语篇解读

本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国伦敦地铁的发展。

点津：

68.解析

考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。全文讲述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。

69.解析

考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。空格前是the，其后接名词。introduce的名词形式是introduction。

70.解析

考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。“one of the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”表示“最……的……之一”，此处应填success的形容词形式successful。

homework

(2017·全国Ⅱ)

In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61._______(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62._____ work.It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method.This included digging up the road,63._______(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.____ top.When all those had been done，the road surface was replaced. 6

点津：

61.解析

考查实词之其他词性，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。crowd是可数名词，且前面没有限定词，故应用复数形式。

62.解析

考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。travel to and from work上下班。

63.解析

考查实词之动词，运用语法知识填充法及逻辑关系填充法解答该题。included后的dig，lay，build是三个并列的动作，根据digging及building可知，lay也应用动名词形式。

64.解析

考查虚词，运用语法知识填充法解答该题。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。

Summary 语法填空四大解题技巧

一、语法知识填充法

二、词汇填充法

三、逻辑关系填充法

四、固定用法填充法

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