Learning about Language名师教学设计1

授课者：许妙思

Unit 4 Pygmalion Learning about Language 1. 过去分词充当定语、表语和宾语补足语。 作用与用法：

过去分词(表示完成和被动的动作)具有形容词、副词的作用,在句中可以用作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语,但不能单独构成谓语。

①

定语 过去分词作定语,表示分词动作与所修饰的名词之间存在被动关系。单一的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前;过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰之后,过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以转换为一个定语从句。

如: The broken window (=The window which was broken) will be replaced soon. 破损的窗户很快就会被换掉。

The books bought yesterday (which were bought yesterday ) are of high quality. 昨天买的书确实很不错。

②

表语 过去分词作表语, 表示主语的状态, 且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词, 是形容词化的过去分词。 如: I’m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.

我对金庸写的小说很感兴趣。

③

宾语补足语

作宾语补足语的过去分词一般是及物动词,和宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有: A. see, hear, watch, feel, think ,find 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词。

We found her greatly changed.

我们发现她变了很多。

B. make, get, have, help, leave 等表示“致使”意义的动词 What made them so frightened? C. like, want, wish, order 等表示“希望、要求”等意义的动词 He won’t like such questions discussed at the meeting. 他不想让这样的问题在会上讨论。

2. 现在分词与过去分词的区别: ①

定语

现在分词作定语常表示“动作正在进行”,此时或当时的状态等;过去分词则常表示“动作发生在谓语动词的动作前”等;被修饰的名词一般是现在分词的逻辑主语,是过去分词的逻辑宾语。

如: I know the man standing there. 我认识站在那儿的那个人。

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授课者：许妙思

Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗？

②

表语

现在分词作表语,具有主动的含义,意味着“起这种作用”;而过去分词作表语具有被动含义, 意味着“受这种影响”。

如: The work was tiring. 这项工作挺累人的。

The workers were soon tired. The book is well written. (表语) The book was written by a soldier. (被动语态) ③ 宾语补足语

现在分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑主语(即主动关系);过去分词作补足语,被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾语(即被动关系)。

如: I heard someone calling me. I heard my name called. 我听见有人喊我。

完成句子

1. _______ (污染的)air and water are harmful to people’s health.

2. The problem ____________________ (在会议上讨论的) yesterday was very difficult to solve. 3. He became ______ (兴奋) when he heard he had won the first place in the competition. 4. I am _________ (感兴趣) in the story. 5. I haven’t got the film ________ (冲洗)yet. 6. Do you know the man _______ (站) beside the door? 单句改错

7. A breaking cup is lying on the floor. 8. The meeting holds yesterday was very important. 9. When I entered the room. I found Mary seating beside my mother. 10. When they woke up , they found the world outside completely changing. 单项选择

11. After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home____. A. exhausting B. exhausted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted 12. You can make yourself ___ in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. 工人们很快就感到累了。

注意: 作表语的过去分词表示状态,构成被动语态的过去分词表示动作:

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授课者：许妙思

A. understand B. understanding C. to understand D. understood 13. He took a deep breath as he opened the exam paper ___ to him. A. handing B. being handing C. handed D. being handed 14. ---How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---The key ___the problem is to meet the demand __ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving ; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made 15. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it ___ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained 16. He glanced over at her, ___ that though she was tiny, she seemed very well put together. A. having noted B. noted C. to note D. noting 17. _____ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing 18. Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to ____before the party.

A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change 19. The disc digitally ____in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A. recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 20. The flowers ______ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 3. 过去分词(短语)作状语

过去分词(短语)作状语，句子的主语与分词所表示的动作构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即是该分词动作的承受者。过去分词(短语)作状语可表示时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等意义。这种过去分词(短语)相当于一个时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、伴随等状语从句。过去分词(短语)作状语时，可单独使用，也可在其前面加上连词when, if, once, though, unless等，以便明确作何种状语。

(1). 过去分词作时间状语，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。例如：

Asked what had happened, he lowered his head. (=When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head. ) 当他被问到发生什么事情的时候, 他低下了头。

(2). 过去分词作原因状语。例如：

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授课者：许妙思

Frightened by the tiger, the girl didn’t dare to sleep alone. (=Because / As she was frightened by the tiger, the girl didn’t dare to sleep alone. )

因为害怕老虎, 这个女孩不敢单独睡觉。

(3). 过去分词作条件状语，有时过去分词前可用if等词。例如: Planted in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. (=If these seeds are planted in rich soil, they can grow fast. ) 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，

这些种子能长得很快。

(4). 表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。例如：Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. (=Though /Although he was laughed at by many people, he continued his study. ) 尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。

(5). 表方式或伴随情况。例如：

The old man went into the room, supported by his wife. 那个老人在他的妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。

4、过去分词的独立结构 (1). 分词作状语时，要特别注意其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。否则，分词必须有自己的主语。这种带主语的分词被称为分词的独立结构或叫独立主格，在句中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件等。

﹡All things considered, her paper is of great value. 把所有事情考虑在内的话，她的论文很有价值。

（2）独立结构有时也可以用“with/ without + 名词(或代词的宾语)+ 分词”的结构，表示伴随状况。例如： ﹡They sat there silently, (with) their eyes fixed on the lake. 他们静静地坐在那里，眼睛注视着湖面。

高考印证

1. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. A.

Use B. Using C. Used D. To use 2. _______ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. A.

Translating

B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated 3. ______ an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later. A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base 4．________ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see 5. Though ______ to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.

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授课者：许妙思

A.

surprising B. was surprised C. surprised

D. being surprised 6. ________ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land. A.

Being encouraged

B. Encouraging C. Encouraged

D. Having encouraged 7. _______ the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars. A. Giving

B. Having given C. To give

D. Given 8. _______ not to miss the flight at 15: 20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry. A.

Reminding

B. Reminded C. To remind D. Having reminded 9. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ________ with his old one.

A. comparing

B. compares C. to compare

D. compared 10. ___ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 11. If ___ the same treatment again, he’s sure to get well. A. giving B. give C. given D. being given 12. _____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

A. Being founded B. It was founded

C. Founded D. Founding 13. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 14. ___ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given 15. ___ in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 16. Unless ___ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited 17. When _____, the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 18. A lot of kids had chains around their necks with keys_____.

A. attaches B. having attached C. attaching D. attached 19. _____ more attention, the trees could have grown better. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 20.____for his expert advice, Holmes was able to help a great number of people with their personal affairs. A. He was known B. Well known C. Having known D. Been known 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。

1. The teaching buildings _____ (build) in 1960 need repairing. 2. I found my school bag ____ (leave) in Mary’s room.

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授课者：许妙思

3.We all felt _________ when we saw the _________ news. (astonish) 4. Compared with ______ (develop) countries, we still have a long way to go. 5. The English teacher entered the room, _________ (follow) by his students. 短文改错

A little kid fell into the lake while she was playing with her little friends. They were too frightening to know what to do next. Unfortunately, a pretty lady and a man passed by and saw the drowning girl. The man immediately dived into the water and take the girl to the bank and at the same time, the lady called the ambulance in time. Before the ambulance came, the lady, which proved to be a nurse, performing first aid to the kid. A few of minutes later, the kid sent to the nearest hospital and finally saved. The story is a good example where first aid can make a differences. From it, we know it is necessary to know basic first aid skills so that we can be better preparing for an emergency. 语法填空1. Last week, we visited the world famous Terracotta Warriors (兵马俑) Museum in Xi’an. The entire Pit 1 is enclosed within a grand structure, 1. protects the site from weather. What lay in front of us was the awesome view of terracotta warriors and horses. Each of these figures was handmade, lifelike and having different2. (face) expressions and postures. As we walked down the site, we realized that the entire pit is still not3. (complete) excavated(挖掘). Many broken pieces of the terracotta warriors and horses still lay within the pits, 4. (wait) to be restored in the future. All the 5. (explain) here have proper English translation, so it isn’t difficult for international tourists

6. (understand) different parts of the pit. 7. touring round Pit 1, we went on to Pit 2. Apart from warriors and horses, we could find war carriages and bronze weapons here. There’s 8. exhibition showing some special discoveries. We could see the excavation work is still ongoing. Pit 3 is a lot smaller, but the terracotta figures here9. (preserve) much better 10. (compare) to Pit 1 and 2, as the pit was not burned. 语法填空2. The woman who lives across the street is in her late 80’s, and 2 years ago I was gifted with the chance to help1. (she) a few days in a week. I learned that she has a kindred spirit and so we became great 2. (friend). Lately she has been down in3. (depress) mood and she has expressed that she is just tired4. being alive.

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授课者：许妙思

She feels very lonely and frustrated with her inability to do much of anything anymore. We have begun talking about the stages of life, especially the final stage5. our bodies become less able and we learn 6. (focus) on our spirits. 7. (follow) the reminder yesterday, I passed on8. book to her which describes how caterpillars (毛毛虫) just know that there is more to life than crawling and eating. 9. (eventual) they take a chance and become butterflies! It seemed fit for where she is in her life right now. I know this must be her time to fly because her spirit deserves so much joy. I love it when I can feel us holding each other, our load lighter on both ends. And then we breathe into this wild10. (real).

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