Grammar and usage(2): Modal verbs: comparisons第一课时教学设计

M4U2 Grammar and usage 汉寿二中

王

霞

Teaching Aims: 1.Learn that modal verbs can be used to talk about ability,

obligation,

certainty or permission, to make requests, suggestions, offers and to give advice. 2.Enable students to learn that some modal verbs can be used with the continuous form and the perfect form to talk about current affairs or past actions. Teaching Important Points: 1.Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs.

2.How to make students master the usage of modal verbs. Teaching Difficult Points: Develop the students’ ability of using modal verbs and how to make students master the usage of modal verbs. Teaching Methods: Explanation and exercise Teaching Aids: 1.

The multimedia 2.

The blackboard Emotional Value: We should never remember the benefits we have offered nor forget the favor received. Teaching Procedures: Step 1

Warming up Say some sentences to warm up students:

1.Can you drive ?

2.He can jump 2 meters. 3.You must work hard ,or you have to live a hard life. Step 2

Lead in

Read the sentences below, paying attention to the coloured words. 1.We can be there on time tomorrow. 2. May I have your name?

3. Shall we begin now? 4. I will do my best to catch up with them.

5. You must obey the school rules. 6. He said he might lend us some money.

7. You mustn't work all the time.

8. You needn't take it seriously. 9. You ought to bring the child here.

Step 3

Activities:

一、Introduce modal verbs with the following:

1、特征

1) 情态动词本身有词义, 表示说话人的语气或情态,但词义不完全, 不能单独作谓语动词, 只能和不带to的动词不定式

(ought等除外)。即动词原型一起构成谓语动词。

2) 情态动词所表示的情态有: 命令、允许、请求、拒绝、愿望、愿意、义务、必要、可能、敢于、需要等。

2、形式变化：情态动词没有人称和数的变化,

第三人称单数的现在时也无变化。

有些情态动词有过去式,

有的过去式和它的原型相同。如：

can- could; shall - should 情态动词的种类：要运用好情态动词，就要首先对情态动词有一个完整的认识，情态动词分为三种情况：

①

只用作情态动词的有：

must, can / could, may / might, ought to

②

既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：

need, dare

I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore.

You needn't tell him about it as I have told him.

Who would dare to tell him?

He dared not go there at night.

How dare you ask me such a question? 注：need 表示“需要”, 其后可接动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：

The room needs cleaning.

③

既可作情态动词又为助动词的有：

shall / should /, will / would

shall和will作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时

I shall study harder at English.

He will go to Shanghai. 3、基本用法：

1）can, could

① 表示体力或脑力方面的

“能力”, 或根据客观条件能做某种动作的

“能力”。

② 表可能性，用于否定句或疑问句中表示说话人对发生的事情的

“怀疑、猜测、不肯定”

的语气。 can 用于推测时不用于肯定句(除非是经验谈)。

③

表请求、命令

、惊讶等。

④

用于疑问句表请求时could比can 语气更委婉，回答时用can而不用could。

e.g.1. He can speak three languages.

2. We have a lot of food. We can't be lack of food.

3. Can/Could you lend me your

bike?

4. ---Could you lend me your car?

---Yes, I can./----No, I can't. 比较：can

/ be able to：can 的形式只有can / could两种。

be able to 的形式有am / is / are able to; was / were able to;

have / has been able to等多种。

can 表示一般能力。be able to 表示经过努力后而达到的一定境界。

e.g. My brother can play table tennis.

My brother is able to dive under water for 10 minutes.

He was able to escape the earthquake. 2）

may, might

① may 表示

“允许”

或

“请求”，

在口语中可用can替代, 但may比较正式。

②

表示说话人的猜测, 认为某一事情

“或许”

或

“可能”

发生，用might指现在的时候语气较为委婉客气或更加不肯定; might 还可表示

“规劝”。

③表祝愿

e.g. 1. You may use my book.

2. May I come in?

3. She may/might come to see

you tomorrow, but I am not sure.

4. May you succeed! 3）

must

①

表示

“必须”

或

“应当”。其否定式表示

“不应该, 禁止，不准”, 语气比较强烈。

②

表示说话人对事物的肯定推测, 意思为

“一定”

或

“准是”, 语气比may要强得多，其否定形式为can't,其后可接一般式，进行式和完成式。

比较：

have to

表示

“不得不”

“必须”

的概念, 比must更含有

“客观条件使得必须如此做”, 并有时态变化。

e.g. 1. You must finish your homework today.

2. You mustn't talk to your parents like that.

3. He must be at home now.

4. Your mother must be waiting for you.

5. He must have been to Beijing before.

6. The door is locked; she can't be at home. 5）

shall

①

作情态动词在陈述句中用于第二和第三人称, 表示说话人给对方的

“命令”

“警告”

“许诺”

“威胁”

“强制”等。

②

但在疑问句中,主语为第一或第三人称,表示说话人征求对方的意见。

③表法律条文，规章制度等，用于第三人称。

e.g. 1. Don't worry. You shall have the tickets for

the game.

2. He shall get punished if he breaks the law.

3. Our school rules shall take effect this week.

4. Shall I close the fan?

5. Shall he come to see you this afternoon? 6）

should ①

表示

“劝告”

“建议”, 译为

“应当”。

②

可表示说话人的感情如

“惊奇”

“愤怒”“失望”

“不满”,意为“竟然”等。

③

表示一种推测，可能性, 译为

“估计”

“按理应当”。

比较：ought to：

①

表示

“有义务或必要”做某事，语气比should 更强一些。

②

表示劝告。

e.g.

1. You should study hard.

2. You should have finished your homework on time.

3. His words should be true.

4. How should you behave like that!

5. He suggested that we should make full use of our time to study.

6. You ought to be attentive at class. 7）

will

① 作情态动词用时在陈述句中可用各人称作主语, 表示其

“意志”

“意愿”

“决心”或者临时做出的决定等。

② 在疑问句中用第二人称作主语, 表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。

③ 有时表示一种习惯动作或状态或自然规律。

e.g.

1. I will do everything I can to help you.

2. ——Would you come over to dinner tonight?

—OK. I will bring a bottle of red wine.

3. Will you give this book to Mary?

4. Fish will die without water. 8）would

①

可用于各人称, 表示过去时间的

“意志”

“愿望”

和

‘决心”。

②

表示说话人本身的

“意志”

或向对方提出

“请求’,比will 语气要委婉。

③

还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作。还可以构成would like to do, would rather 9）情态动词表推测的用法

一般用must (一定)，may(可能)，might / could (也许，或许)表示肯定的推测。例如：

He must / may / might be at home now.

can’t / couldn’t (不可能), may not/might not (可能不)可以用来表示否定的推测。例如：

It can’t / couldn’t be Professor Wang. He has gone to America last month.

疑问句中可用can / could ...?(能……) 表示推测。例如：

Could he have finished his thesis?

10）

“情态动词＋have＋过去分词

”结构

must have done 过去一定做了某事

can’t/couldn’t have done 过去不可能做了某事

may/might have done 过去可能做了某事

needn’t have done 过去本来没有必要做而做了某事

could have done 过去本来能够做某事而没有做

should/ought to have done 过去本来应该做某事而没有做

shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done 过去本来不应该做某事而做了

e.g.

I didn’t hear the telephone; I must have been asleep.

He could have walked to the station; it is so near.

He may not have finished the work.

She might have caught a cold.

The tree is dead. I should have given it more water.

Tom ought not to have told me your secret. (2)

Ask students to make sentences using these words to talk about ability. Show the usage of the modal verbs on the screen.

(3)

Talk about obligation of the modal verbs “should, ought to, have to, must ”,

Show the usage of the modal verbs on the screen. Step 4

Practice

Ask students to read the instructions for the exercise on page 29, complete the article individually, and then check the answers in class. Ask students to give reasons for each choice they make. Step 5 Homework Do Part C1 and C2 on page 100 of the workbook. Step 6

Design on the blackboard 1. can/ could

2. may/ might

3. shall/ should 4. must/mustn’t/ needn’t/ can’t /couldn’t 5. will /would

6. need/ dare/ needn’t/ daren’t Feedback（教学反思）

情态动词的高考点主要涉及must/shall/can的用法较多，尤其是情态动词+have done的结构，通过本节课对于情态动词的用法及其辨析的讲解，讲练结合，学生能基本掌握几个主要的常考的情态动词的用法。