Grammar教学设计思路

Module 4 A Social Survey---My Neighbourhood

Grammar

（一）Teaching aims 1. Target Language

a. Key words and phrases

high-rise buildings, traffic, recently, attractive, a shopping mall, particular, remain, so far, up to now, till now b. key sentences

They have built many high-rise buildings in the city. (p34)

The traffic in the city has got much worse recently. (p34) The family has lived in this town for twenty years. (p36) Up to now, I’ve understood everything the teacher’s said. (p36) 2. Ability goals

a. To enable the students to have knowledge of this grammar point: Present perfect tense; b. To enable the students to use the present perfect tense properly. 3. Learning ability goals

Help the students learn how to use the present perfect tense correctly.

4. Emotional goals

Love our motherland and hometown.

（二）Teaching important points and difficult points

1. Teaching important point a. Summarize the rules of the present perfect tense b. Help the students make full use of the present perfect tense to express themselves.

2. Teaching difficult points a. Deal with some difficult language points. b. Get the students to master the usage of the present perfect tense.

（三）

Teaching methods

a.

Whole language teaching..

b.

Cooperative learning.

（四）

Teaching procedures

Step 1 Revision (4 minutes) a. Ask students to retell the conversation. Use the key words. b. T: Now, let’s do the competition.

Try your best to find out the sentences using present perfect tense from the conversation which we have learnt yesterday. The more you write down, the higher score you will get. Step 2 Grammar 1 Present perfect tense 1 (15 minutes) Let Ss know how to use present perfect tense properly. a. (Individual Work) Ask Ss to say out the sentences using present perfect tense, and then ask some questions according to the sentences. (1) It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know. Question: Do you know when the last time was the speaker saw his friend? Answer: The last time that the speaker saw his friend was six years ago. (2) I’ve seen quite a lot of China. I’ve visited some beautiful cities. Question: Do we know when the speaker saw these places? Answer: No, we don’t.

(3) They’ve just completed it. Question: Is it a recent event? Answer: Yes, it is.

(4) They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. Question: Did they do this a long time ago? Answer: No, they don’t. Recently means lately.

(5) A friend’s told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. Question: Did this happen recently? Answer: Yes, it did.

b. (Pair Work) Ask Ss to summarize when to use present perfect tense. We were friends for about six years. (我们过去是朋友，现在是不是，没有说明。）

We have been friends for about six years. (结果对现在有影响：我们现在仍是朋友。) Suggested answers: 现在完成时的用法之一：过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响。人们使用现在完成时，并不关心动作何时发生，只关心这个动作和现在有无联系或对现在产生的影响。但是一般过去时则把注意力放在过去某时发生的动作。

现在完成时与for或since引起的短语连用时，表示从过去开始的动作或状态延续至今；而一般过去时与for引起的短语连用时，只指过去的动作或状态在过去延续了多长时间。

一般过去时通常与表过去某时刻的时间状语连用，如last night, yesterday, last year, three weeks ago等；而现在完成时所带的时间状语包括说话时在内或与说话时非常接近，如today, these days, recently, just等。

The action happened in the past, but has much effect or cause certain result to today. To denote continuous action or state (表持续的动作或状态,常和since或for引导的短语连用). e.g. I have lived here for more than thirty years.

I have been here since last October. To denote the past repeated action (表过去重复的动作,常和always ,often ,many times, every day等时间状语连用). e.g. My father has always gone to work by bike.

(我父亲一向是骑车上班) It has rained every day this week.

(这个星期天天下雨)

To denote the future

(表将来, 尤用在时间状语从句中) e.g. We are going after we have had breakfast. I will wait until he has written his letter. It is used with “

just, recently, before, never ,always, often ,already, in the

past ,so far, up to now, till now” and so on.

c. (Pair Work) Ask Ss to finish Activity 2 on page 34. Suggested answers: have built (2)has got (3) came , stay (4) has visited (5) has lived (6)has not bought, has seen

d. (Group Work) Ask Ss to tell his / her partners about an interesting place that he / she has been to.

Tell him / her when you went and what you did there. And ask if he / she has been there. Try to use the present perfect tense.

(Ask two pairs to act out their dialogue.) Step 3 Grammar 2 Present perfect tense 2 (20 minutes) a. Individual Work

Ask Ss to look at some sentences on the screen. Decide which sentences describe events that continue over a period of time and which sentences describe events that happen at a particular point in time.

(1) And you’ve lived here all your life …

(2) I’ve worked for it for four years now.

(3) … we’ve started a holiday club for children.

(4) A lot of children have joined it. Suggested answers: Sentences 1, 2 describe events which continue over a period of time. Sentences 3, 4 describe events which happen at a particular point in time. b. Pair Work

Ask them to finish Activity 2 on page 36. Suggested answers: A: know

live

remain

stay B: borrow

buy

give

leave

open

put

send c. Pair Work

Ask them how to distinguish the words.

在现在完成时态中，非延续性动词不能和表示延续概念的“for + 一段时间”的时间状语连用。

在表达延续一段时间的动作时，可用与其意义对应的状态性短语来表示。

Eg 他已经结婚10年了。

He has married for 10 years.

( × ) He has been married for 10 years.

( √ )

He married 10 years ago.

( √ )

It is 10 years since he get married.

( √ )

d. Individual Work

Ask the Ss to finish Activity 3 on page 36. Suggested answers: (1) have, known, have known (2) has borrowed (3) has lived (4) Have, sent (5) has, left

e. Individual Work Ask Ss to read the sentences in Activity 4 on page 36. Try to find out which phrases have the same meaning.

(The three phrases all have the same meaning. Their meaning is “到目前为止”.)

Work in pairs. Ask and answer about what you have learnt so far / up to now, this term, in your lessons at school.

Step 4 Assignment (1 minutes) a.

Review the rules of present perfect tense. b.

Finish the exercises on page 85. c.

Finish the translation practice.