Learning about Language第一课时教学实录

Book 8 Unit 3

Inventors and Inventions

Grammar

过去分词作表语

1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。

(1) 茶杯破了。

___________________________________ 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。(2) 他已退休。

____________________________________

3. 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。

(3) The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.

______________________________________ 【注意1】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。

(1)

The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.（是____________________）

(2) The library is now closed.

（是___________________________

）

【注意2】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行。但有些动词如

interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人，用

-ing 形式来修饰物,它们是形容词化的分词。

(3) 这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。________________________________ 4) 当他听到他在比赛中赢得第一名时很兴奋。He became ______

when he heard he had won the first place in the competition. 过去分词作定语

作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成；不及物动词的过去分词作定语，

。

1. 过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词

。

We must adapt our thinking to the __________conditions.

我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。

2. 过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句，但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。

The concert ________________was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。

3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有

。

(1)The meeting, ___________by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。

4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。

(2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression.

___________________________________________________ 完成下面句子：

1.______________(污染的)air and water are harmful to people’s health.

2. The problem ________________（在会议上讨论的）

yesterday was very difficult to solve. 过去分词作宾语补足语

（一）能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类：

1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。

(1)

I heard the song _______in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。

（过去分词sung的动作显然________于谓语动作heard；）

(2) He found his hometown greatly

. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。

1

(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found) 2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have, make, get, keep, leave等。

(1) I’ll have my hair ______tomorrow. 明天我要理发。

(2) He got his tooth ____________yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。

(3) Don’t leave those things________. 要把那些事情做完。

【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的

关系。

（二）使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。

1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。

(1) He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。（被别人偷去了）

2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如：

(2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。

（自己的经历）

“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构

“with ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词用作介词

with的宾语补足语。这一结构通常在句中作

、

、

、

等状语。例如：

(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands _______behind his back. 凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。（

）

(2) With water_________, we can see the steam. 水一被加热，我们就会看到水蒸气。（

）

(3) With the matter_________, we all went home. 事情得到解决，我们都回家了。（

）

(4) she stood in front of him, with her eyes ________on his face. 她站在他面前，眼睛注视着他。（

）

(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still__________. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。

（

）

单项选择：

1.You can make yourself ______in English pretty well if you keep on speaking the language. A.

understand

B. understanding

C. to understand

D. understood 2.---- There is a hole in your bag.

---- I know. I’m going to have it ________.

A.

mend

B. mending

C. mended

D. to be mended

3.----How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? ---- The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers. A.

to solving; making

B. to solving; made

C. to solve; making

D. to solve; made 4.English is a language ____ all around the world and is the _____ language of most international organizations. A.

to speak, working

B. spoken , working

C. speaking, worked

D. spoken, worked 5.A: Who are those people with the banner?

B: A group ____ itself the League for Peace. A .calling

B. calls

C. called

D. is called 6.There was a terrible noise_____ a sudden burst of light. A.

followed

B. following

C. to be followed

D. being followed

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