Grammar and usage(2): Modal verbs: comparisons名师教学视频（文字实录）

译林必修四Unit 2 sports events Period 2 Word power＆Grammar and usage 知识预习

一、知识点预习

知识点预习1 重点单词及词组

1.

__________ n. 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输

vt.

运输，运动

2.

__________ n. 公民；居民

3.

__________ n. 背心，汗衫；坎肩

4.

__________ n. 内衣

5.

__________ adv. 否则，不然

【答案】

1.transport

2.citizen

3.vest

4.underwear

5.otherwise

知识点预习2

根据首字母提示和英文释义写出单词

1. t__________ vt. to carry people or goods from one place to another using vehicles, roads, etc.

答案：transport 2. c__________ n. a person who has the legal right to belong to a particular country.

答案：citizen 3. u__________ n. clothes that you wear under other clothes and next to the skin.

答案：underwear 4. o_________ adv.used to state what the result would be if something did not happen or if the situation were different 答案：otherwise 语法预习

语法预习1：根据提示完成下列表格。

表格1：基本形式

原形

can may must ought to will shall need dare

过去式

could might must (or: had to) ought to would should needed dared

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表格2：情态动词和否定词not连用时的简略形式

情态动词＋not can not could not must not should not ought to will not would not shall not need not dare not

简略形式

can’t

couldn’t

mustn’t

shouldn’t

oughtn’t

won’t

wouldn’t

shan’t

needn’t

daren’t

例句

He can’t ski.

他不会滑雪。

I couldn’t speak English fluently then. 那时候我不能流利地讲英语。

You mustn’t think only of yourselves.

你们不能只想自己。

We shouldn’t be so careless.

我们不应当这样粗心大意。

There oughtn’t to be much noise in a library.

图书馆里不该喧闹。

I won’t do so. 我不愿这样做。

He wouldn’t go to bed before he finished his homework.

他在完成作业以前不愿睡觉。

You shan’t leave your post.

你不得离开岗位。

You needn’t go there alone.

你不必单独去那里。

She daren’t swim in a river. 她不敢在江河游泳。

语法预习2 用情态动词的正确形式填空

1. They (can/might) _________________ be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.

2. You (may/might) _________________ leave now if you wish. 3. (Could/May) _________________ you open the window a bit, please? 4. He (can/could) _________________ be from Sheffield, judging by his accent. 5. (May/Can) _________________ you swim? 6. Listen, please. You (may not/might not) _________________ speak during this exam. 7. They (can’t/may not) _________________ still be out!

8. You(couldn’t/might not) _________________ smoke on the bus.

9. With luck, tomorrow (can/could) _________________ be a cooler day. 10. You (can/might) _________________ be right but I’m going back to check the times.

答案：1-5 might, may, Could, could, Can

6-10 may not, can’t couldn’t, could , might

语法预习3 句子改错

(下列各句分别有一处错误，指出并改正) 1. When I read the story, I wouldn’t help thinking of my days in the countryside.

2. They dare not to express their views boldly. 3. You can’t write to him, he will come back tomorrow.

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4. You mustn’t work tomorrow if you don’t want to.

5. He suggested that we would go together. 6. Whatever the difficulties, we must realize the four modernizations. 7. She mustn’t be hungry; she has only just finished supper. 8. He is honest. He mustn’t have done such a thing.

9. You can’t walk on the grass.

10. Must it rain tomorrow，the meeting would be postponed. 答案: 1.wouldn’t 改为couldn’t 2. 去掉to 3.can’t 改为needn’t 4. mustn’t 改为needn’t 5. would 改为should 6. must 改为will 7. mustn’t 改为can’t 8. mustn’t 改为can’t 9. can’t 改为mustn’t 10. Must改为

Should

重点讲解

知识点1 transport transport

n. 交通运输系统；交通工具；运输

vt. 运输，运动

名词

transport 也可写作：transportation [教材原句]

convenient transport

(P29) 方便的交通工具

【经典例句】

①The goods have been cased up to transport.

货物已装箱待运。

②Please find alternative means of transport.

请另外找一个运输方法。

③It is more convenient to transport the goods in bulk.

散装运送货物更方便。

④Cars, trains, etc. are means of transport.

汽车、火车等等都是交通工具。

【归纳拓展】

public transport

公共交通工具

means of transport

交通工具

I normally travel by public transport.

我出门通常乘坐公共交通工具。

The train is a safe means of transportation.

火车是一种安全可靠的交通工具。

【对点精题】

1.His bike is his only means of _____. A. transport

B. transporting

C. walking

D. playing 解析：句意：他的自行车是他唯一的出行工具。transport:交通工具

transporting:运输（transport的ing形式）

答案：A 完成句子

2.所有这些货物都靠火车运送。

All these goods ________ _________ _________ __________. 3.没有任何交通工具，他只好步行上班。

____ _____ __________ _____ ________, he had to go to work on foot. 答案：2.are transported by train

3. With no means of transport

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知识点2

otherwise otherwise

conj.否则，不然adj. 另外的；其他方面的

adv. 否则；另外；在其他方面

[教材原句]

Otherwise, you may hurt yourself. (P31) 否则，你或许会伤害到自己。

【经典例句】

①Do what you've been told; otherwise you will be punished. 照吩咐的去做，否则你将受到惩罚。

②He is noisy, but otherwise a nice boy. 他爱吵闹，但在其他方面是个好孩子。

[名师指津]

otherwise意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子根据情况可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。

③This is the only way for me to deal with it, otherwise I would_be_mad. 这是我处理此事的唯一方法，否则我会发疯的。

④Evidently, realizing this difference and trying to shorten this gap is the key to achieving our accomplishment, otherwise nothing will be gotten in the end.(2013•北京高考书面表达) 显然，意识到这个差别并且努力缩短差距是我们成功的关键，否则最后将一无所得。

【特别提醒】otherwise意为“否则，不然”时，其后的句子根据情况可用陈述语气或虚拟语气。

This is the only way for me to deal with it, otherwise I would_be_mad. 这是我处理此事的唯一方法，否则我会发疯的。

【对点精题】

1(2012·福建高考)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise we ________ more places of interest yesterday. A．visited

B．had visited

C．would visit

D．would have visited 解析：句意：我们在那个小村庄里迷了路，否则我们昨天会看到更多的名胜。本题是由otherwise引出的含蓄条件句。由时间状语yesterday可知，此处是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故选D。

答案：D

语境猜词

2.Do what you’ve been told, otherwise you shall get punished.

3.The rent is high, but otherwise the house is satisfactory.

4.He should have been working now, but he is otherwise occupied.

答案：

2. 否则

3. 在其他方面

4. 另外

语法讲解

语法聚焦1、

can /could 的用法：

用法

表示能力

例句

1. My daughter can speak three languages quite well: Chinese France and English.

我女儿能流利地讲三种语言：中文、法文和英文。

2. Because he was tired, he couldn’t swim across the river.

因为累了，他不能游过河。

1. If we don’t have a guide, we can lose our way in the forest

假如没有向导，我们有可能在森林里迷路。

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表示表示可能

性

表示请求，命令，惊讶等

2. We have just bought 50kg of rice. We can’t be in short of food.

我们刚买了50公斤大米，我们不可能缺粮。

1. Can you lend me your bike?

你能将自行车借给我吗？

2. You can bring the calculator tomorrow.

明天你们要带计算器来。

3. How can he be so rude?

他怎能这样无礼? 1.

---Could you lend me your book? 把你的书借给我好吗？

---Certainly, I can. 当然可以。

2. Could you let me have your pass?

看看你的通行证好吗？

can 和be able to都可以表示能力，但它们的过去式在意义上有点差别，could偏重于表示某人过去有某种能力，但并不明确表示某人干了某事，而was/were able to 则表示过去某人有能力干某事，实际上干了某事。另外，be able to 有更多的时态形式。如：

1.

I was able to (managed to) finish my homework in an hour. 我终于在1小时内做完家庭作业了。

2. Chuck has been able to realize that friendship is about feelings and we must give as much as we take.

查克能够明白这样的道理：友谊就是感情，我们既要得到关爱，又须给与别人同样多的关爱。

Could用于疑问句中表示请求，语气比较委婉，但肯定回答时要用can，而不用could.

说明

may/might的用法：

用法

表示允许和请求

当might代替may时,在语气上更委婉

表示可能性

例句

1. You may use my camera.

你可以用我的摄像机。

2. May /Might I come in?

我可以进来吗？

1. She may not be free today.

今天她可能没有空。

2. He might come to see you this evening.

今晚他可能来看你。

1. She saved her money in order that she might buy a watch. 为了买块手表，她节省钱。

2. I am saving my money so that I may go to Australia next winter. 我正在攒钱，以便明年冬天到澳大利亚去。

1. May you have a good time. 2. May you succeed. Try as he may, he cannot find her. 1. We may as well stay where we are.

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用在由so that或

in order that引导目的状语从句中

表示祝愿

表示让步

表示建议（和

as well连用）

must 的用法：

用法

2. You may as well consult a dictionary. 例句

1. You must come to school early enough for the morning class. 表示必须，必要，mustn’t (must

你必须早晨到校上早读课。

not) 表示禁止，不2. You mustn’t talk to your father like that. 你不能那样对你父亲讲准

话。

表示主语的肯定推测, “一定”“准是”，比may肯定得多

后面加动词不定式的完成式表示对过去事物的推测

后面加动词不定式的进行式表示对现在进行事物的推测

表示推测的否定和疑问结构不能用must须用can

说明

1. The lady can’t be only 30. She must be 50.

那位女士不可只有30岁。她肯定50岁了。

2. The old man must be our history teacher.

那位老夫子肯定是我们的历史老师。

Mike speaks Chinese very well. He must have studied Chinese before.

迈克的汉语很棒,他以前肯定学过汉语的

She must be waiting for us. 她一定在等着我们。

1. The door is locked; she cannot be at home. 门锁了，她一定不在家。

2. Can the news be true? 这消息可能是真的吗？

must 和have to 都可以表示必须，但must 着重说话人的主观看法，而have to强调客观需要。

另外，have to 有多种时态形式。如：

1. We must learn at least a foreign language well.

我们必须学好至少一门外语。

2. Mother was ill, so I had to look after her at home.

母亲病了，我得在家照顾她。

语法聚焦2 will/would的用法: 用法

用干各种人称，表示意愿、意志或决心

用于第二人称的疑问句，表示征求对方的意见或向对方的请求。Would 比will更委婉客气些

will表示现在

例句

1. I will do anything my country asks me to do. 我决心做祖国需要我做的任何事。

2. Xiao Hong said that she would help me with my maths.

小红说她愿意帮助我学习数学。

1. Will you give this note to Tom as soon as he comes back?

汤姆一回来，你把便条给他，好吗？

2. Would you mind explaining it again? 请你能再解释一遍好吗？

1. Fish will die without water.

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的某种倾向或习惯。

Would 表示过去习惯发生的动作

Would like“愿意，要”

没有水鱼就会死。

2. They will have a party every Saturday evening. 他们总会在周六晚上举行晚会。

3. He would go for a walk every evening when he stayed at the hotel.

当他位住在旅馆的那段时间，他有每天傍晚散步的习惯。

1. I would like to hear your opinions. 我愿意听听你的意见。

2. Would you like to have a chat with me? 你愿不愿意和我一起聊天？

1. I would rather stay at home than go to the cinema. 我宁可呆在家里也不愿意去看电影。

2. He would rather have tea. 他喜欢茶。

3. I would rather not go to the concert. 我宁愿不去参加音乐会。

would 和used to 都表示过去的习惯，但used to 表示这种习惯现在已停止，used to 后面可用状态动词或动作动词，而would后只能用动作动词。

1. I used to smoke heavily, but I don’t any more.

我过去烟瘾很重，但现在不抽了。

2. He would go to see his grandfather on Sunday when he was in middle school. 他中学时星期天常去看望祖父。

3. Ben used to be a heavy smoke.

Ben曾经是一杆老烟枪。

Would rather “宁愿，较喜欢”

说明

Shall/should 的用法：

用法

Shall (表示说话者的意图、许诺、警告、命令、决心等，用于陈述句第二、三人称中) 必须，应

Shall (在条约、规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，一般用于第三人称) 应，必须

Shall (在问句中表示征求对方意见，主要用于第一、第三人称) ……好吗？……要不要？

例句

1. You shall not leave your post. 你不得离开岗位。（命令）

2. You shall see her again before long. 不久你就会见到她。（允诺）

The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st. 新章程自6月1日起施行。

Shall I close the door? 要不要我把门关上？

Let’s go to the cinema, shall we? 我们去看电影好吗？

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Should（表示义务责任）应当，应该

Should have done含责备之意

Should（表示语气较强的假设）万一,

1. You shouldn’t be so careless.

你不应该这样粗心大意。

2. He should have told me the news earlier. 他本来应该早些告诉我这消息。

1. If he should fail to come, ask Jack to work in his place.

万一他不来，就叫杰克代替他工作。

2. Should it rain tomorrow (或If it should rain tomorrow), the meeting would be postponed. 万一明天下雨，会议就延期。

1. They should have arrived in Beijing by this time.

他们这是该已到北京了。

2. The report is written after careful investigation, so it should be reliable.

这份报告是经过周密调查写成的，所以该是可靠的。

1. I should like to have a talk with you. 我想跟你谈一谈。

2. You are mistaken, I should say. 据我看，你可搞错了。

1. It is proper that no hasty decision should be made.

不应当做出匆促的决定。

2. It is astonishing that we should find violence here.

我们这儿竟然有暴力行为，真令人震惊。

1. He suggested that we should make better use of the school library. 他建议我们应该更好地使用学校图书馆。

2. The young doctor proposed that he should try the experiment on himself.

青年医生建议在他自己身上做实验。

Should（表示可能性、推测、推论）可能, 该

Should（表示委婉、谦逊）可, 倒

should（用于表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等的从句中）应该; 竟然会

Should (用于表示建议、命令、决定等的从句中)应该, 必须

ought to 的用法

用法

should/ ought to 都表示义务、责任。Ought to 的语气要更强一些

后面接肯定的动词不定式的完成式表示过去该做而未做的事，如接否定的动词不定式的完成式，则表示一件不该做的事情发生了

例句

1. You ought to be attentive at class.

你在课上应当思想集中。

2. He oughtn’t to be so careless in his work.

他在工作中不应该如比粗心大意。

1. I ought to have washed my clothes last night. 我昨晚就应当洗衣服了。

2. You oughtn’t to have wasted so much time.

你不该浪费这么多时间。

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Need/dare 的用法：

用法

need作情态动词常用于否定句或疑问句中，做实义动词不受限制

例句

1. --Need I go with you to the market?

(情态动词)

需要和你一起到超市去吗？

--No, you needn’t. I’ll manage all by myself.

不必了，我自己能设法去的。

2. Tom doesn’t need to come to the meeting tomorrow. (实义动词) 汤姆不必明天来参加会议。

Your elder brother need not have come last night.

你哥哥昨天晚上本来无需来的。

need not have come 来了，但实际不必来

1. The girl dare not go out at night. （情态动词）

这女孩晚上不敢出门。

2. Dare you climb such a steep cliff?

你敢攀登如此陡峭的山崖吗？

3. He doesn’t dare to cross the river.（实义动词）

他不敢过河。

need后面跟动词不定式的完成式，用在否定句中，表示做了本来不必做的动作

dare作情态动词常用于否定句或疑问句中，做实义动词不受限制

情态动词＋have done 用法

表推测时：

may/might have done（语气不肯定）

过去可能

can’t/couldn’t have done（语气肯定）

过去不可能

must have done（语气肯定）

过去一定

表责备时：

may/might have done 过去本可能做而未做

can/could have done 过去本能做而未做

should have done 过去本该做而未做

ought to have done 过去本应该做而未做

needn’t have done 过去本不必做却做了

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例句

1. ---I didn’t see Mary at the meeting yesterday.

---She might have been ill, I guess. 2. The streets are all dry. It couldn’t have rained during the night. 3. The streets are all wet, it must have rained during the night. 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 2. ---Did you listen to the speech?

---No, we could have attended it. But we had a lot of traffic on our way. 3. The plan is dead. Maybe I should have given more water. 4. Your brother’s failed in English again. You ought to have given him more help. 5. ---Mr. Smith didn’t come last night, did he?

---No. We needn’t have waited for him. A whole night was wasted.

【对点精题】

1．(2014·宿州模拟)When Harry was at college, he ________ go to the reading room after supper every day. A．should

B．might C．would

D．could 解析：句意：哈里上大学时，总是每天晚饭后去阅览室。would表示“(过去常见的情况)总是，老是”。

答案：C

2．(2014·南京一中模拟)—The research on the new flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job? —________ my students have a try? A．May

B．Must C．Will

D．Shall 解析：句意：“新的流感疫苗的研究是具有挑战性而且要求很高的。你认为谁能做这个工作？”“我的学生可以试试吗？”情态动词shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句时，表示请求。

答案：D

3．(2014·南师大附中高三检测)Mr White ________ at 8：30 for the meeting, bu he didn't show up. A．should have had arrived

B．should arrive C．should be arriving

D．should have arrived 解析：句意：怀特先生本应于8：30出席会议，但是他没出现。根据第二分句的时态可知，此处是对过去发生的事情的推测，所以用“情态动词＋have done”的结构。should have done表示本应该做某事而没做。故选D。

答案：D

4．(2014·北京海淀期中练习)—The weatherman on the news said it might rain later on this afternoon. —Well, I ________ take my umbrella along with me today. A．can

B．may C．could

D．must 解析：句意：“天气预报说今天下午可能会下雨。”“好吧，那我今天必须带把伞。”表示“必须，一定”时，应用情态动词must。故答案选D。

答案：D

5．(2014·安徽名校联考)—Who told you my email address? —I don't remember clearly. It ________ Karen. A．may have been

B．must have been C．should have been

D．could have been 解析：

句意：“谁告诉你我的电子邮件地址的？”“我记不清了。可能是卡伦。”由I don't remember clearly.可推知对这件事不是很确定，所以用may have been。

答案：A

课下自测

一、完成句子

1. They try to cure the disease so that people _________ (能活得更长些).

2. Mr. White, many customers want to see you. _________ (要他们在这儿还是在外面等着呢)？

3. —You _________ (肯定很兴奋) about going to London for study soon. —Well, I _________ (按理说是的)，but I am afraid I ________ (做不好) there because my spoken English is poor. 4. It is amazing that you _________ (竟然取得了如此大的成绩) in these years. 5. Do as you’re told, _________ (否则你就会有麻烦). 6. You __________ (不要玩刀子). It may hurt you. 7. When he was young, he ________ (经常) sit there reading. [来源学科网]

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8. I hope you _________ (能提出) a better plan than this one. 答案：1. may/can live longer 2. Shall they wait here or outside 3. must be very excited;

ought to be; won’t do well 4. should have achieved so much 5. otherwise you’ll be in trouble 6. mustn’t play with the knife[来源:Z§xx§k.Com] 7. would 8. can come up with

二、单项填空

1. —Were you told to attend the meeting? I didn’t see you anyway.

—__________, but I had an accident on the way. A. I was going

B. I would

C. I should have

D. I’d like to 解析：根据上下文可知，“我本该去，但在路上出了事，所以没有去”。should have done表示“本该做而没有做”。如果A项改为I was going to也是正确的。

答案：C

2. The door is wide open. __________ somebody ________? A. May; have come in

B. Can; have come in C. Can; come in

D. May; come in 解析：句意：门大开着。是不是有人已经进来了？由句意可知是对过去发生事情的推测，故排除C、D两项；may表推测时不能用于疑问句，故选B项。

答案：B 3. —Tom said he was late with his homework because he had fallen ill suddenly the night before. —Well, he __________ say it. He always uses that excuse. A. should

B. may

C. can

D. would 解析：答句句意：他常会这么说。他总是用那种借口。would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向，意为：总是，常常。

答案：D 4. They were determined to carry out the plan at first, but then we __________ persuade them to change their minds. A. would

B. could

C. were about to

D. had to 解析：句意：他们一开始决定执行这个计划，但后来我们说服他们改变了主意。were able to表经过一番努力成功地做成某事，相当于managed to do sth.; could只表过去一般性的能力，不一定做了某事。

答案：C 5. I suggested not only __________ to the meeting but also give a speech there. A. did he go

B. his going

C. should he go

D. he should go 解析：句意：我建议他不但要参加这次会议，而且还要在那儿发表演讲。not only… but also…引导两个并列句子时，not only引导的句子要倒装，故排除B、D两项。再根据前面主句是“I suggested…”，其后从句谓语采用“should+动词原形”结构，可以排除A项。因此C项为正确答案。

答案：C 6. Uncle Jack __________ be rather difficult to get along with at times even though he’s a nice person in general. A. should

B. can

C. shall

D. must

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7. (2012·邢台高一检测) John has come back from abroad. —Really? Where is he? I _________ go and see him. A. am going to

B. will

C. may

D. would 解析：句意：尽管整体说来杰克叔叔是个令人愉快的人，但他有时会很难相处。由句意可知此处用can表示客观性的推断，意为“会”。

答案：B

8.[2013·重庆卷] —What are

you doing this Saturday? —I'm not sure, but I

________ go to

the Rolling Stones concert. A．must

B．would

C．should

D．might 解析：考查情态动词。由前面的I'm not sure 可知是不太确定，因此用might表示有可能。

答案：D 9．[2013·重庆卷] —It rained cats and dogs this morning.I'm glad we took an umbrella. —Yeah, we would have got wet all over if we

________.

A．hadn't

B．haven't

C．didn't

D．don't 解析：考查虚拟语气。主句用would have done结构，从句对应用had done结构，答语省略了

taken the umbrella。

答案：A 10. （2014北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long.

A. Can

B. Must C. Shall

D. Should 解析:本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。Can能够，可能；must必须，一定；非得；shall将要；should应该；句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用can I…？表示询问对方是否允许。如：Can I use your dictionary?我可以使用你的字典吗？故A正确。

答案:A 三、动词填空（用适当的情态动词填空）

1. A: There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.

B: It _____ have been a comfortable journey. 2. A: Jack, you _____ play with fire. You _____ hurt yourself.

B: OK, mum. 3. A: Will you stay for dinner?

B: Sorry, I _____. My mother is waiting for me at home. 4. A: My new pencil-box has disappeared.

B: Who _____ have taken it? 5. A: She looks very sad. You _____ have told her the bad news.

B: But I didn’t mean to hurt her. 6. A: _____ you succeed!

B: Thanks a lot. 7. A: A computer _____ think for itself.

B: You are right. It _____ be told what to do. 8. A: Shall I tell Mary about it?

B: No, you _____. I have told her already. 9. A: You _____ call him if you want to.

B: I _____! He is sure to call me.

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10.A: I’m told Tom had another car accident this morning.

B: I can’t believe it. He _____ have been so careless. 答案: 1. couldn’t 2. mustn’t/shouldn’t, may/might/could 3. can’t 4. might/could 5. shouldn’t 6. May 7. can’t, must 8. needn’t 9. can, needn’t 10. couldn’t

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