Grammar and usage(1): Direct speech and reported speech教学设计及课堂实录

直接引语和间接引语导学案

一、定义

交际中我们常常需要引述别人说的话，一种是一字不差地直接引用别人的话，放在引号内，称为直接引语（The Direct Speech）, 另一种是间接地引述别人的话，称为间接引语（The Indirect Speech）。例如：

He said, “I will choose a book from my students.”

他说：“我将为我的学生们选一本书。”

= He said that he would choose a book from his students.

他说他将为他的学生们选一本书。

二、直接引语与间接引语的转化

1. 标点符号的变化：

e.g. He said to me, “Don’t live in London!”

= He told me not to live in London. 2. 语序的变化：疑问语序变为陈述语序。

e.g. He said to me, “Do you live in London?”

= He asked me if/whether I lived in London. 3. 动词的变化：say (to) 在陈述句中多变为tell等词，在疑问句中多变为ask等词，在祈使句中表示命令多变为tell, order等词，表请求时多变为ask等词。

e.g. He said to me, “Could you please live in London?”

= He asked me if/whether I could live in London.

= He asked me to live in London. 4. 连接词的变化：

连接词

3. 特殊疑问句仍用原来的特殊疑问词连接

5. 时态的变化：

1. 如果主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态，间接引(1) He says, “I live in London.”

= He says that he lives in London. 2. 一般（选择，反意）疑问句用if或whether连接

1. 陈述句用that连接

e.g. He said to me, “I live in London.”

= He told me that he lived in London.

(1) He said to me, “Do you live in London?”

= He asked me if/whether I lived in London. (2) He asked me, “Do you live in London or Paris?”

= He asked me if/whether I lived in London or Paris. (3) He asked me, “You live in London, don’t you?”

= He asked me if/whether I lived in London. e.g. He said to me, “When do you live in London?”

= He asked me when I lived in London.

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时态变化

语中的动词时态保持不变。

2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是过去时态，间接引语中的动词时态作如下变化：

一般现在时→一般过去时

一般将来时→过去将来时

现在完成时→过去完成时

现在进行时→过去进行时

一般过去时→过去完成时

3. 但是过去进行时，过去完成时，过去将来时保持不变。

(2) He says, “I have lived in London for years.”

= He says that he has lived in London for years. (1) He said, “I live in London.”

= He said that he lived in London. (2) He said, “I am living in London now.”

= He said that he was living in London then. (3) He said, “I will live in London next year.”

= He said that he would live in London the next year. (4) He said, “I lived in London for years.”

= He said that he had lived in London for years. (1) He said, “When I saw her, she was living in London.”

= He said that when he saw her she was living in London. (2) He said, “When I got to London, she had lived there for years.”

= He said that when he got to London, she had lived there for years.

4. 表示过去具体年份的状语不变。

e.g. He said, “I was born in 1956.”

= He said that he was born in 1956. e.g. He said, “The earth turns around the sun.”

= He said that the earth turns around the sun.

5. 表示真理、格言、谚语等不受时间限制的句子不变。

6. 强调所谈情况仍然存在时不变。

(1) She said that the bus leaves at 5:40. (公交车尚未开走) (2) He told me that he works as a teacher. (现在仍是教师)

7. could, would, should, (1) He said, “I would like to live in London.”

needn’t, had better, ought to, used to等情态动词不变。

= He said that he would like to live in London. (2) He said, “I used to live in London.”

= He said that he used to live in London.

6. 人称代词的变化：

人1. 一主（根据引号外的e.g. Tom said to Kate, “I have finished my homework.”

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称代词变化

主语变换引号内的人称代词）

2. 二宾（根据引号外的宾语变换引号内的人称代词）

3. 三不变（第三人称不变）

= Tom told Kate that he had already finished his homework. e.g. Tom said to Kate, “You speak English better than me.”

= Tom told Kate that she spoke English better than him. e.g. Tom asked Mike, “Does she often come to school late?”

= Tom asked Mike if/whether she often went to school late.

7. 指示代词、地点副词、动词、时间状语的变化

指

示

代

词

、

地

点

副

词

、

动

词

变

化

1.

指示代词的变化：

this—that

these—those 2.

地点副词的变化：

here—there

now—then 3.

动词的变化：

come—go

bring—take 4.

时间状语的变化：

today—that day

tonight—that night yesterday—the day before yesterday morning—the morning before last week—the week before next week—the next week tomorrow—the next day (1) He said to me, “I’ve known you since you came to this place.”

= He told me that he had known me since I went to that place. (2) He said to me, “Will you come here today or tomorrow?”

= He asked me if I would go there that day or the next day. (3) He said to me, “Did you come yesterday, a few days ago or last Sunday?”

= He asked me if I had gone the day before, a few days before or the Sunday before.

(4) She said, “I’ll bring you this book next month.”

= She said that she would bring you that book the next month. tomorrow morning—the next (5) She said, “He will come here again tonight.”

morning 3 days ago—3 days before the day after tomorrow—in 2 day’s time = She said that he would go there again that night. (6) He asked me, “Did you leave London yesterday morning or the day before yesterday?”

= He asked me if I had left London the morning before or two days before.

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练习

一、单项选择。

(

) 1. He asked ________ for the violin. A. did I pay how much

C. how much did I pay

B. I paid how much

D. how much I paid (

) 2. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________.

A. who is he

B. who he is

C. who is it

D. who it is

(

) 3. Can you tell me ________? A. how good is his spoken English C. how well he speaks English

B. how well his spoken English is D. how good he can speak English (

) 4. He said that he had bought the jacket ________. A. before three days

B. three days before C. three days ago

D. last week (

) 5. Did you say ________? A. that what he said was true C. what did he say was true

B. that it was true that he said D. what he said it was true (

) 6. Please tell me ________ from. A. where do you come C. where you will come

B. where you come D. there you come (

) 7. Ask her ________ come with us. A. if she will

B. if or not she will D. whether will she C. that if she will

(

) 8. The driver said that he ________ pick ________ a passenger at West Street. A. will, up

B. would, up

C. will, out

D. would, out (

) 9. He said he ________ in 1993. A. has born

B. had been born

C. had born

D. was born (

) 10. John ________ me he was going to help me with my English. A. explained

B. spoke

C. told

D. said (

) 11. He asked me ________ I would go to Beijing by air the next day.

A. that of

B. if

C. that whether

D. how (

) 12. Mother asked the youngest kid ________ with his toy car.

二、将下列直接引语改写成间接引语。

A. what the matter was

C. what the matter is

B. what was the matter D. what is the matter

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1. He said, “I have been here about ten times.”

2. Mary said, “I have sold my house in London.”

3. The man said, “Smoking is strictly forbidden here.”

4. Ann said, “She moved to Paris in 1956.”

5. Mr Black said, “We started learning Chinese last month.”

6. Mary said, “Why didn’t you stop here yesterday?”

7. Shaw said to Ann, “Your brother will give you a nice gift.”

8. My wife said to me, “Don’t sleep with the window open.”

9. I asked Tom, “Do you live on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor?”

10. He asked, “Should I go with you, Linda?”

11. The teacher said to the students, “Water boils at 100℃.”

12. The nurse said to Grey, “Leave the ward quietly.”

13. He said, “How lovely the house is!”

14. “Would you buy me some stamps?” he said to me. 15. “Who left the banana skin on my desk?” said Cathy. 16. “Are you leaving today or tomorrow morning?” said his secretary. 17. She said, “How long will it take me to fly to that city?”

18. “Where were you last night?” she said. 19. “It is foggy today,” I said. 20. He said, “I must go at once.”

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参考答案

一、

1-5. DDCBA

二、

1. He said that he had been there about ten times. 2. Mary said that she had sold her house in London. 3. The man said that smoking was strictly forbidden there. 4. Ann said that she moved to Paris in 1956. 5. Mr Black said that they had started learning Chinese the month before. 6. Mary asked why I hadn’t stopped her the day before. 7. Shaw told Ann that her brother would give her a nice gift. 8. My wife told me not to sleep with the windows open. 9. I asked Tom whether he lived on the fourteenth floor or the fifteenth floor. 10. He asked Linda whether he should go with her. 11. The teacher told the students that water boils at 100℃. 12. The nurse told Grey to leave the ward quietly. 13. He said how lovely the house was. 14. He asked me to buy some stamps for him. 15. Cathy asked who had left the banana skin on her desk. 16. His secretary asked whether he was leaving that day or the next morning. 17. She asked how long it would take her to fly to that city. 18. She asked where I had been the night before. 19. I said that it was foggy that day. 20. He said that he would have to go at once.

6-10 BABDC

11-12 BB

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