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四川省都江堰中学2019届补习班系列练习

第三讲

名词与冠词

一、名词考点透析

1．名词的数

(1)可数名词有单复数之分。如：book－books，box－boxes，leaf－leaves，city－cities。

(2)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数。如：

sons-in-law 女婿

passers-by 过路人

story-tellers 讲故事的人

go-betweens 中介人

(3)下列名词单复数同形。

Chinese中国人

Japanese日本人

sheep绵羊

deer小鹿

horsepower马力

fish鱼

fruit 水果

(4)下列名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法。

细菌bacterium(单数)－bacteria(复数) 资料、数据

datum(单数)－data(复数) 现象

phenomenon(单数)－phenomena(复数) (5) 不可数名词包括专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词，一般没有单复数之分。如：England，London，bread，rice，steel，knowledge，advice，health，wealth等。

Many people think that health is the greatest wealth in the world. 很多人认为健康是世界上最大的财富。

(6)experience表“经验”时是不可数名词，表“经历”时是可数名词。

(7)常见的单复数意义不同的名词有：

value(价值)—values(价值观)；

manner(方式)—manners (礼貌)；

custom(风俗)—customs(海关)；

damage(损害)—damages(赔偿金)；

work(工作)—works(著作)等，需特别注意。

(8)team，group，committee，crew，family等集体名词强调整体时为单数，强调个体时为复数。如：

His group is a big one and all group are very active in the activity. 他那个组是个大组，所有的组员都积极参加活动。

The film attracted a large audience and most audience were moved to tears. 这部影片吸引了大量观众，多数观众都被感动得流下眼泪。

(9)名词做定语时，除man，woman有单复数变化外，其他名词一般用单数。如：

three women doctors 三个女医生

many coffee shops许多咖啡店

2．名词的所有格

(1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加's, 如：

his mother's friend; 他妈妈的朋友们

Susan is a friend of my mother's.苏珊是我妈妈的一个朋友。

(2)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。如：

the window of the room一个房子的窗户

(3)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加

“'s”，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加

“'s”。如：

The lady in a beautiful dress is Jane and Mary's mother. 那位穿漂亮裙子的女士是琼和玛利的妈妈。(共有，暗示琼和玛利是姐妹关系) Those two women are Jane's and Mary's mothers. 那两位女士分别是琼的妈妈和玛利的妈妈。(不共有，分别指两位妈妈) (4)“a(two，some...)＋名词＋of＋名词's/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格。

a friend of my mother's 我妈妈的一个朋友

two photos of mine 我的两张照片

3．抽象名词具体化

表示抽象的特征、状态、思维、行为的一次、一种、一类、一下等，常构成“a/an＋(形容词)＋抽象名词”。如：

a surprise 一个惊喜

a pleasure 一件乐事

a failure一个失败者，一次失败

a great success 一次巨大的成功

a wonderful breakfast 一顿丰盛的早餐

a happiness 一种幸福

强化训练一

用所给单词的适当形式填空。

(一) Robots used for 1._______________(housework) were tested out in some 2._________________ (family)．Tony, one of the 3.______________(robot) looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair and white 4.____________(tooth) speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，5.______________(curious)drove him to have a try on such a new thing. So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire. Claire didn't like the idea at the beginning, but she agreed at last.

At the first sight of Tony, Claire felt embarrassed. Gradually, Tony began to win the 6.____________ (hostess) trust. He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her

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四川省都江堰中学2019届补习班系列练习

home elegant, giving her a new haircut,

changing the makeup she wore and giving her 7.____________ (advise) on her personal 8._______________ (dress)．

Therefore at the party all her

guests who were invited were filled with 9.________________(admire)

when they saw her house was completely changed.

After the

test, the company was satisfied with 10._______________ (Tony) report

and believed it was a 11.__________________(succeed) because he had

successfully made a woman regain her 12.___________________ (confident)

and fall in love with him. (二) Born on August 23, 1998 in America, Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a professional basketball 1.________ (play). But to some degree, many Chinese 2.________ (fan) and coaches take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a 3.____________ (China) just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China. Jeremy Lin has recently become a 4.____________ (succeed) and attracted the 5.______________ (world) attention which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination and pride.In most people's 6.____________ (eye), Jeremy is a miracle. In June 2012, When Jeremy took his third trip to China, a large crowd came to meet him, including some 7.____________ (family), some 8.___________ (child) and some 9.______________(woman) players. They brought cameras to take 10._________________

(photo) with their idol and to show their love and respect to Jeremy Lin.

that I have ever seen. 昨晚的电影是我看过的最感人的影片。

(2)The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黄河是中国第二大河。

(3)The Browns are all fond of playing the violin while the Whites are interested in playing tennis. 布朗夫妇喜欢拉小提琴，而怀特夫妇喜欢打网球。

3．不用冠词的情况

(1)抽象名词表示一般概念时。

(2)在表示职位或头衔的名词前。

(3)在表示季节、月份、日期、节日(但在中国的传统节日前一定要有the)、星期的名词前。

(4)一日三餐、球类活动前。如：

①March 8 is Women's Day，and June 1 is Children's Day. 3月8日是妇女节，6月1日是儿童节。

②We elected Tom monitor of our class. 我们选汤姆为我们的班长。

③It is not very cold here in the south of China in winter，but the winter of 1990 was extremely cold. 华南的冬天不太冷，但1990年的冬天却特别冷。

二、冠词考点透析

1．不定冠词最基本的用法

不定冠词最基本的用法是泛指，表示“一个/一张/一本……”以及用于第一次出现的可数名词单数前。如：

(1)An umbrella is an article that keeps the rain out. 伞是用来遮雨的物件。

(2)Ten years is a long time. 十年是漫长的一段时间。

2．定冠词最基本的用法

定冠词最基本的用法是表特指。在重复出现的名词、形容词最高级、序数词、江河湖海、山脉群岛、海峡海岸、乐器名称、某些建筑物前面，都需有定冠词。如：

(1)The film I saw last night is the most moving one

④I always have breakfast at home and lunch at school. 我通常在家吃早餐，在学校午餐。

⑤Some students will play basketball after school，and others will go running around the campus. 放学后，有的学生打篮球，有的学生则在校园里跑步。

4．习惯用法

英语中有不少名词不带冠词，带定冠词或带不定冠词意思完全不同。如：

go to school 上学

go to the school 去学校

in front of 在……前面

in the front of 在……前部

(sit) at table 在吃饭

(sit) at the table 坐在桌子旁边

go to sea 去当水手

go to the sea 到海滨去(度假) out of question 没问题

out of the question 不可能

be in hospital 在住院

be in the hospital 在医院

强化训练二

Ⅰ.用a，an或the填空。

1．They tested kite gliders both with and without ____

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四川省都江堰中学2019届补习班系列练习

pilot. 2．The students returned to school with ________ sense of achievement. 3．Today，his memory is celebrated by Burns clubs across the world and his birthday is________unofficial “National Day”for Scots and those with Scottish ancestry, celebrated with Burns suppers. 4．Several years later，the boss promoted Bob to manager，but Tom remained as ________ ordinary worker. 5．The Chinglish expression “long time no see” has become ________ standard English phrase. 6．Therefore，many young girls on TV choose to wear the most provocative(挑逗性的)clothes to catch attention，but when it comes to singing they are in ________ complete mess. 7．Today the Internet is playing ________ important and essential role in our life. 8．With the arrival of spring，the Dorritys took the children for ________ outing. 9．Then a man approached me and...I later learned that ________ man made his living this way：tricking tourists. 10．Ma Wendi is used to curious glances when she walks six dogs at the same time.They are not all hers. ________ 25-year-old veterinary graduate is a full-time dog walker. Ⅱ.在空格处填入一个适当的冠词，使文章结构完整，语意通顺。

When I walked down 1.______ Third Avenue, as 2.______ rule, I used to look into the windows of

3.______ old shop that sold old and beautiful things. Since I often took my walk after the closing time, I cupped my hands against 4.________ windows to get 5.________ small look at the treasures inside. Some things looked as if they had not been cared for 6.________ long time, but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface. I even thought they were 7.________ most beautiful that I had ever seen. That was how I felt about old people，too. I knew their value, and it hurt me when others missed it.

I was raised by my grandmother and given 8.________ deep sense of the value of experience. Taught to behave well, my sister and I respected other people, regardless of their age or color. My grandmother was loved by all 9.________ people around her. She was known to be 10.________ wise and kind woman, who was able to do things well even in her last years. Old people should be treated as fine gold. They may be gradually tarnished(失去光泽) by age, but they can be polished with respect. You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities. Ⅲ.下列各句都有一个错误，请改正。

1．Two Germen came to visit Beijing last month and they were attracted by the beauty of the city. 2．A friend of my sister was admitted to the University of Manchester. 3．How nice a jacket is! I bought it on the Internet. 4．Two thiefs slid into Mr. Green's house, but they were caught before they could take anything away. 5．Tu Youyou is one of the excellent woman scientists in China. 6．The program Running Man in Zhejiang satellite TV turned out great success. 7．Li Ming likes to help others and is called living Lei Feng. 8．The birds flew away in all direction when they heard the shot. 9．Have you heared of the death of the Nelson Mandela! 10．Wherever he goes, he makes it the rule to give his mother a call every day.

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四川省都江堰中学2019届补习班系列练习

IV.用所给词的适当形式填空：

1.Some schools will have to make ________________ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform. 2. -Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave. -I'd like to , but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my _________________ (apologize). 3. One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. 4. There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some _____________ (think) and then let me know. 5. What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ________________ ( able ) to “ air condition” a house without using electric eqwipment.

6. He gave himself a new name to hide his _________ (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task. 7. -Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one? -That's a good ________________ (suggest). 8.Her ________________ (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 9.Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with

_________________ (patient). 10.While she was in Paris, she developed a ________ (tasty) for fine art. 11. My first _______________ (impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man. 12. -Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency? -Well, you know, English is my ___________ (strong). So it is my best choice. 13. You'd better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _________________ (refer). 14. Your __________________ (perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn. 15.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ___________________

(competent). 16.Jane's grandmother had wanted to write _______ children's book for many years ,but one thing or another always got in ________ way. 17. I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by _______ gunman wearing a mask. 18. _________ more learned a man is, _________ more modest he usually becomes. 19. Life is like _______ ocean: Only _________ strong-willed can reach the other shore. 20. I can't tell you ______ way to the Wilsons ' because we don't have ______Wilson here in the village. 21.The paper is due next month, and I am working seven days _____ week, often long into ______ night. 22. Sarah looked at _______ finished painting with _________ satisfaction. 23.India attained _______ independence in 1947, after ____ long struggle. 24. The parents were shocked by ______ news that their son needed _______ operation on his knee. 25.It was _____ co1d winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _______ night sky. 26.People develop ______ preference for a particular style of learning at _______ early age and these preferences affect learning. 27.The "Chinese Dream" is ______ dream to improve people's well-being and _________ dream of harmony, peace and development. 28. Animals are obviously _________ lower form of life than _______ man.

29. Four and ______ half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and ________ break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar. 30.Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _____ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _____ thirteenth century.

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