Grammar名师教学设计1

Period Three

Grammar & Writing

语法感知

Ⅰ.课文原句感知

1．...as he stood trying(try) to clear his head，he saw a cat. 2．Will，still watching(watch)，saw the cat behave curiously. 3．When it had gone past he crossed the road，keeping (keep) his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating. 4．As she stood looking(look) at it，wondering(wonder) why there was a lamppost in the middle of a wood，and wondering(wonder) what to do next，she heard the pitter-patter of feet coming towards her. 5．Sauron，realising(realise) that the Ring has been found，sends his creatures to get it back. Ⅱ.句型转换

1．When the baby saw its mother，it smiled. →Seeing its mother，the baby smiled. 2．As they hoped to get our support，they sent us their statement. →They sent us their statement，hoping to get our support. 3．If you keep trying，you’ll succeed sooner or later. →Keeping

trying，you’ll succeed sooner or later. 4．The snow lasted a week，so it resulted in a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. →The snow lasted a week，resulting

in

a serious traffic confusion in the whole area. 5．Because we didn’t know her address，we couldn’t get in touch with her. →Not knowing her address，we couldn’t get in touch with her. 语法精析

动词-ing形式作状语可以修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随，相当于与之相对应的状语从句。

一、动词-ing的否定形式、一般式、完成式

1．动词-ing的否定形式是在其前面加not。

2．动词-ing的一般式表示动作与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，而完成式则表示动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作发生。

Not knowing what to do，she turned to him for help. 由于不知道该做些什么，她向他求助。

He hurried home，looking back as he went. 他匆忙回家，边走边往后看。

Having lived there for years，I know it very well. 由于在那儿住了多年，我对它很熟悉。

二、现在分词(短语)在句中作时间状语

1．现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时或相继发生，其逻辑主语为句子的主语。常用的动词(短语)有：hear，see，arrive，return，get to，look，open，close，leave，turn around，walk等，表示一个短暂动作。

Looking out of the window，I saw some boys playing hide-and-seek. 看向窗外时，我看见一些男孩子在玩捉迷藏。

注意：此种情况可以换作“on＋动名词”结构，表示相同的意思，意为“一(刚)……就……”；此种情况也可以换作是when引导的时间状语从句，该从句的动词多用一般过去时表示。

Hearing their teacher’s voice，the pupils stopped talking at once. ＝On hearing their teacher’s voice，the pupils stopped talking at once. ＝When they heard their teacher’s voice，the pupils stopped talking at once. 一听到老师的声音，学生们立即停止了讲话。

2．现在分词所表示的动作完成之后，谓语动作才发生，这时则要用现在分词的完成式，即having done的形式。现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

Having written the letter，he went to post it. 写完信后，他出去寄它。

注意：这种情况可以用“after＋动名词”的一般式表示；也可以用after/when引导的时间状语从句来替换，该从句的谓语动词用过去完成时态表示。

Having finished his homework，the boy was allowed to watch TV. ＝After finishing his homework，the boy was allowed to watch TV.

＝After/When he had finished his homework，the boy was allowed to watch TV. 完成作业后，男孩才被允许看电视。

[题组训练1]

一句多译

一看见她妈妈，小女孩就放声大哭。

(1)Seeing her mother，the little girl burst into tears.(现在分词短语作状语) (2)On seeing her mother，the little girl burst into tears.(on＋动名词) (3)When she saw her mother，the little girl burst into tears.(when引导的状语从句) 三、现在分词(短语)在句中作原因状语

1．现在分词(短语)在句中作原因状语时，相当于一个原因状语从句。与时间状语一样，也要注意现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作的先后关系。

当现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生时，用它的一般形式，此时现在分词的逻辑主语须是句子的主语。这样的原因状语可以换成because，as引导的原因状语从句，该从句谓语动词用一般过去时。

Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help. ＝Because he didn’t know how to work out the difficult physics problem，he asked the teacher for help. 因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。

2．当现在分词表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，可以用现在分词的完成式在句中作原因状语，其逻辑主语须为句子的主语，该短语的作用相当于一个原因状语从句。该从句的谓语动词须用完成时态表示。

Having lived with the girl for 5 years，we all know her very well. ＝Because we have lived with the girl for 5 years，we all know her very well. 因为与那个女孩一起生活了五年，我们都非常了解她。

[题组训练2]

句型转换

As he didn’t know how to solve the problem，the boy felt very worried. →Not

knowing how to solve the problem，the boy felt very worried. 四、现在分词(短语)在句中作条件状语

现在分词(短语)在句中作条件状语，其逻辑主语须为句子的主语，该短语相当于一个if引导

的条件状语从句。

Working hard，you’ll succeed. ＝If you work hard，you’ll succeed. 如果你努力学习，你就会成功。

[题组训练3]

(1)完成句子

Being more careful(更细心点)，you can make fewer mistakes. (2)一句多译

动动脑筋，你就会想出办法来。

①Using your head，you will find a way.(动名词) ②Use your head and you will find a way.(祈使句) ③If you use your head，you will find a way.(if) 五、现在分词(短语)在句中作让步状语

现在分词(短语)在句中作让步状语时，相当于一个让步状语从句，有时现在分词前可以带有连词或起连词作用的词组，如although，whether，even if，even though等。

Knowing all this，they made me pay for the damage. ＝Although they knew all this，they made me pay for the damage. 尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

[题组训练4]

句型转换

Knowing where I live，he never comes to see me. →Though/Although he knows where I live，he never comes to see me. 六、现在分词(短语)在句中作结果状语

现在分词(短语)在句中可以作结果状语，它的逻辑主语便是句中的主语，该短语相当于一个结果状语从句，且用主动语态。现在分词(短语)在句中作结果状语时，通常位于句末，中间有逗号。有时为了加强语气，在分词前加thus。

Their car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay. ＝Their car was caught in a traffic jam，and thus it caused the delay. 他们的车遇上交通阻塞，因而耽误了。

[题组训练5]

(1)用所给动词的正确形式填空

①It rained heavily in the south，causing(cause) serious flooding in several provinces. ②The fire lasted nearly ten days，leaving(leave) nothing valuable. (2)句型转换

She was so angry that she threw the cup on the ground and broke it into pieces. →She was so angry that she threw the cup on the ground，breaking it into pieces. 七、现在分词(短语)在句中表示方式或伴随

现在分词(短语)表示方式或伴随，用来说明动作发生的背景或情况。一般情况下，现在分词所表示的动作与谓语所表示的动作同时发生，它的逻辑主语就是句中的主语，谓语动词作为主要动作，而现在分词表示一个陪衬动作。它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句来转换。

The children ran out of the room，laughing and talking merrily. ＝The children laughed and talked merrily，and they ran out of the room. 那些孩子跑出房间，愉快地笑着、说着。

[题组训练6]

(1)句型转换

He lay on the grass and stared at the stars in the sky. →He lay on the grass，staring at the stars in the sky. (2)单句改错

Gather

around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people. Gathering八、独立主格结构

分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般须与主句的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件。

Night coming on(＝When night came on)，we started for home. 夜幕降临，我们动身回家了。

九、独立成分作状语

有些分词(短语)可以作独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见这类分词(短语)有：generally speaking(一般来说)，supposing(假设)，judging from/by(从……判断)，talking

of(谈到)，speaking of(谈到)等。

Generally speaking，girls are more careful than boys. 一般说来，女孩比男孩细心。

Supposing he is ill，who will do the work? 假如他病了，谁来做这份工作呢？

高考链接

Ⅰ.用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．People probably cooked their food in large pots，using(use) twigs(树枝) to remove it.(2016·全国Ⅲ) 2．The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows，making(make) air conditioning unnecessary.(2016·天津)

3．Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way using(use) the sun and the stars.(2015·重庆) 4．There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring(stare) at the night sky.(2014·湖南) 5．When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed，telling(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.(2013·重庆) 6．The sunlight is white and blinding，throwing(throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.(2013·新课标全国Ⅰ) 7．In the beginning，there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world，but everyone added a little，always thinking(think) that it was only small and not very important，and look where we have ended up today.(2013·广东) 8．Tony lent me the money，hoping(hope) that I’d do as much for him.(2012·大纲全国Ⅱ) Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1．After looks

at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were lookingmissing.(2015·全国Ⅱ，短文改错) 2．One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，3.have

our barbecue.(2014·陕西，短文改错) havingFelt

hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013·陕西，短文改错) Feelingthink

for some time，I let her copy my answers.(2013·四川，短文改错) thinking4．After

写作指导

幻想故事最明显的特征就是虚幻、虚构，其中的人物、事物都有神奇的力量或魔力。在体裁上属于记叙文，情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索。

幻想故事的写作步骤：

1．认真审题，确定文章结构

幻想故事通常由三部分组成：故事的开端、故事的发展和高潮、故事的结局以及教育意义。

2．确定时态

幻想故事通常以一般现在时为主。

3．语言的选择

幻想故事通常为虚构的故事，要求语言比较夸张，生动，富有虚幻性。

常用句式

1．...is one of the greatest fantasy stories ever written. 2．The hero is a boy called...and the heroine is a girl called... 3．There are many extraordinary adventures. 4．Robots play an important role in our future life. 5．Both adults and children will enjoy these stories. 典题示例

2040年的生活会是什么样子呢？请根据以下内容要点，描述2040年某一天的生活情景。词数100左右。

1．我早上7点起床，因为9点钟在天津有一个重要会议；

2．让机器人准备早饭，我去冲澡；

3．我走出别墅，开出上海牌轿车，定好目的地和到达时间就出发了；

4．太空中心发来e-mail 说我的申请报告已经通过，如果再通过体检，就可以迁往月球。我打电话告诉了妈妈，并说回家吃她亲手做的可口晚饭。

写作步骤

Step One

审题谋篇

写作要求是根据提示描写未来某一天的生活情景，写作时应注意下面几点：

1．确定文体：文章属于记叙文，注意故事的三要素。

2．主体时态：以一般现在时为主。

3．主体人称：以第一人称为主。

Step Two

联想词汇

1．起床get up 2．准备早饭prepare the breakfast 3．定好目的地和到达时间set the destination and arriving time 4．通知某人某事inform sb.of sth. 5．通过体检pass the health examination Step Three

句式升级

1．2040年4月4日，我早上7点起床，因为9点钟在天津有一个重要会议。

(1)I get up at 7 am on April 4,2040 because I have an important meeting at 9 o’clock in Tianjin.(because) (2)Having an important meeting at 9 o’clock

in Tianjin，I get up at 7 am on April 4,2040.(现在分词短语作状语) 2．让机器人准备早饭，我去冲澡，饭后我走出别墅，开出上海牌轿车。

(1)I tell my robot to prepare the breakfast before taking a shower; then I walk out of my villa and pull out my Shanghai Car after breakfast.(介词＋动名词) (2)I tell my robot to prepare the breakfast before taking a shower，after which I walk out of my villa and pull out my Shanghai Car.(“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句) 3．太空中心发来e-mail 说如果我通过体检，就可以迁往月球。

(1)The space center e-mails me，saying that I will move to the moon if I pass the health examination.(现在分词短语作状语) (2)The space center emails me and informs me of the news that I will move to the moon if I pass the health examination.(inform sb.of

sth.＋同位语从句) Step Four

连句成篇

Having an important meeting at 9 o’clock

in Tianjin，I get up at 7 am on April 4,2040.I tell my robot to prepare the breakfast before taking a shower，after which I walk out of my villa and pull out my Shanghai Car.I set the destination and arriving time，and then set off.At the moment，the space center e-mails me and informs me of the news that I will move to the moon if I pass the

health examination.Immediately，I call my mother to share the good news and say that I will go home for the delicious supper from her.

Ⅰ.单元语法——用所给动词的正确形式填空

1．Be careful while crossing(cross) the street. 2．He glanced over at her，noticing(notice) that though she was tiny she seemed very well. 3．Having been told(tell) many times，he still repeated the same mistake. 4．Considering(consider) your health，you’d better have a rest. 5．Some students came into the lab，following(follow) the teacher. Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

Are traditional fairytales good all the time? No.Recent research found one in five parents has abandoned those old classics such as Snow

White

and

the

Seven

Dwarves and Rapunzel in favor of more modern books. One third of parents said their children have been left in tears after hearing the terrible details of Little

Red

Riding

Hood.Similarly，Goldilocks

and

the

Three

Bears was also a tale likely to be left on the book shelf as parents felt it related to taking someone else’s things without permission. The survey of 2,000 adults was carried out to mark the launch of the hit US drama GRIMM，which starts tonight at 9pm on Watch，and sees six series based on traditional fairytales.The research found a quarter of parents wouldn’t consider reading a fairytale to their child until they had reached the age of five，as they prompt too many awkward questions.And 52 percent of the parents said Cinderella didn’t send a good message to their children as it portrays a young woman doing housework all day. Steve Hornsey，General Manager of Watch，said，“Bedtime stories are supposed to relax the children and send them off to sleep soundly.But as we see in GRIMM，fairytales can be dark and dramatic tales so it’s understandable that parents worry about reading them to young children.As adults we can see the innocence in fairytales，but a five-year-old with an over active imagination could think they are true.Despite the dark nature of classic fairytales，as we see in GRIMM，good

will defeat evil and there is always a moral to the story.”

Though half of parents said traditional tales are more likely to have a strong moral message than a lot of modern kids’ books，two thirds of mums and dads try to avoid stories which might give their children nightmares.Here are the top ten fairytales which aren’t read by parents any more to their children. 6．The probable reason why some traditional fairytales aren’t read by parents to children is that

. A．they are difficult for their children to understand B．they are forbidden to read according to the rules C．they don’t have any strong moral messages in them D．they are too scary for their young children to hear

答案

D 解析

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“One third of parents said their children have been left in tears after hearing the terrible details of Little

Red

Riding

Hood.”可知父母们开始摒弃传统的童话故事，因为它们对年幼的孩子来说太吓人。

7．Which of the following is TRUE about the recent research? A．Steve Hornsey，General Manager of Watch led the research. B．About 30% children were moved to tears after hearing these tales. C．People like more modern books because old classics are old. D．20% parents thought old classics aren’t fit for modern children. 答案

D 解析

细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...one in five parents has abandoned those old classics...”及第四段中的“...fairytales can be dark and dramatic tales...parents worry about reading them to young children.”可知D项正确。

8．What would the writer probably deal with in next paragraph? A．Why some parents abandoned those old classics. B．Which top ten fairytales are unfit for young children. C．How parents guide children to read old classics. D．What should be carried out to confirm the research. 答案

B

解析

推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Here are the top ten fairytales which aren’t read by parents any more to their children.”可以推断出下一段会提及不再给孩子念的十大童话故事的名字。

9．The passage is mainly developed by

. A．providing examples B．making comparison C．giving different figures D．telling personal experiences 答案

A 解析

篇章结构题。本文是通过举例说明哪些不适合孩子读的经典童话来组织的。

B

Arthur Miller (1915－2005) is universally recognized as one of the greatest dramatists of the 20th century.Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary，attracted like so many others by the “Great American Dream”．However，he experienced severe financial hardship when his family business was ruined in the Great Depression of the early 1930s. Miller’s most famous play，Death

of

a

Salesman，is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as symbol of worth.In Willy Loman，the hero of the play，we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is “burnt out”

and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sympathy：if he can’t do the work，then he is no good to his employer，the Wagner Company，and he must go.Willy is painfully aware of this，and at a loss as to what to do with his lack of success.He refuses to face the fact that he has failed and kills himself in the end. When it was first staged in 1949，the play was greeted with enthusiastic reviews，and it won the Tony Award for Best Play，the New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award，and the Pulitzer Prize for Drama.It was the first play to win all three of these major awards. Miller died of heart failure at his home in Roxbury，Connecticut，on the evening of February 10,2005，the 56th anniversary of the first performance of Death

of

a

Salesman on Broadway. 10．Why did Arthur Miller’s father move to the USA? A．He suffered from severe hunger in his home country. B．He was attracted by the “Great American Dream”．

C．He hoped to make his son a dramatist. D．His family business failed. 答案

B 解析

细节理解题。根据第一段中的第二句“Miller’s father had moved to the USA from Austria Hungary，attracted like so many others by the ‘Great American Dream’”．可知答案选B。

11．The play Death

of

a

Salesman

. A．exposes the cruelty of the American business world B．discusses the ways to get promoted in a company C．talks about the business career of Arthur Miller D．focuses on the skills in doing business 答案

A 解析

细节理解题。根据第二段中的第一句“Miller’s most famous play，Death

of

a

Salesman，is a powerful attack on the American system，with its aggressive way of doing business and its insistence on money and social status as symbol of worth.”和第三句中“Willy is ‘burnt out’and...the cruel world of business...for sympathy...”可知答案选A。

12．What can we learn about Willy Loman? A．He treats his employer badly. B．He runs the Wagner Company. C．He is a victim of the American system. D．He is regarded as a hero by his colleagues. 答案

C 解析

推理判断题。根据第二段中的“In Willy Loman，the hero of the play，we see a man who has got into trouble with this system.Willy is “burnt out” and in the cruel world of business there is no room for sympathy...”可知答案选C。

13．After it was first staged，Death

of

a

Salesman

. A．achieved huge success B．won the first Tony Award C．was warmly welcomed by salesmen D．was severely attacked by dramatists

答案

A 解析

细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Miller’s most famous play，Death

of

a

Salesman...”和第三段的内容可知答案选A。

Ⅲ.语法填空

(2017·河北大名一中高二上月考) You

are

never

too

old

to

try

to

make

your

dreams

come

true. This could be Mary Moe’s motto—the 14.expression(express) that best represents her spirit.Mary Moe 15.has done(do) a lot during the past 91 years.For much of that time，she 16.wanted(want) to fly，but never had the chance—until now. Mary Moe may look like 17.an average grandmother.But she is not.She just learned how to fly an airplane，a dream she has had 18.since she was a little girl.Growing up，she 19.was inspired(inspire) by two American pilots：Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart.They became her inspiration.Lindbergh made the solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.Five years later，Earhart became the first woman 20.to make(make) the flight.But Mary Moe could not find time to make her dream 21.come(come) true.At age 34，she was just too busy—busy fighting cancer.She was also busy with her job in advertising and busy raising her family.Everything seemed to be working 22.against Mary.Then，at age 91，her wish 23.finally(final) came true.The new pilot says it is never too late to spread your wings and try something new. Ⅳ.短文改错

(2017·湖南长沙一中高二上月考) Dear Ms.J.K.Rowling，

It is great pleasure to write to you.I like reading all of your Harry Potter book.A few days before，I listened to a radio programme about you.Now I know that you teach English at home and in others countries before you started writing books.I also know that you could only write the first book while your baby daughter was asleep，so you worked on them for five years.That was a very much difficult job.Your son David and your daughter Jessica must be proud for you.I hope I can become as successfully as you when I grow up.Thank you for spending time read my letter. Yours sincerely，

Michele 答案

Dear Ms.J.K.Rowling，

book∧It isa/my

great pleasure to write to you.I like reading all of your Harry Potter .A few booksdays beforeteach，I listened to a radio programme about you.Now I know that you

English at agotaughtothers

countries before you started writing books.I also know that you could only otherthem

for five ithome and in write the first book while your baby daughter was asleep，so you worked on years.That was a very much difficult job.Your son David and your daughter Jessica must be proud forsuccessfully

you.I hope I can become as

as you when I grow up.Thank you for spending time ofsuccessfulread

my letter. readingYours sincerely，

Michele Ⅴ.书面表达

人类已经进入信息时代，到本世纪中期，生活将会是什么样子？请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇畅想未来的短文。

要点提示：

1．生活的地方；

2．购物和看病；

3．电视节目；

4．家务和上学；

5．饮食；

6．环境；

7．宇宙探索。

注意：1.词数100左右；

2．必须包含所有的要点；

3．要有合适的题目。

参考词汇：机器人robot 参考范文

What Will the Life Be Like in the Future?

I often dream about the life in the future.What will it be like?

Perhaps we will be able to live on the moon.And some will live under the sea.It will be very common to go shopping and see a doctor at home on the Internet.There will be more kinds of TV programs for us to choose from.Besides，more children will choose to study at home on the computer.Also，robots will do housework for us if we don’t want to do it. In addition，we will have healthier food.Pollution will get controlled.Both water and the sky will become cleaner.People will have more free time.They will be able to go to other stars on holiday.They will even live with people from other stars.