Using LanguageⅠ教案评析

定义

非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以充担句子的任何成分。

种类

时态

主动

被动

主语

宾语

宾补

表语

定语

状语

不定式

一般式

To do To be done

进行式

To be doing

完成式

To have done To have been done

动名词

一般式

Doing Being done

完成式

Having done Having been done

现在分词

一般式

Doing Being done

完成式

Having done Having been done

过去分词

一般式

Done

形式功能

动词不定式

动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

否定式：not + (to) do

以do为例，动词不定式的构成如下：

（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.

例如：

I'm nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。

He seems to know a lot. 他看起来懂得很多。

（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：

The boy pretended to be working hard. 男孩假装工作得很努力。

He seems to be reading in his room. 看起来他正在他的房间里面读书。

（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：

I regretted having told a lie. 我后悔我说谎了。

I happened to have seen the film. 我偶然看过这部电影。

不定式的句法功能：

作主语：

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上面两句可用如下形式：

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. 十分钟之内完成这项工作是很难的。

It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味着失败。

常用句式有：1、It + be+名词+to do 2、It takes sb.+some time+to do 3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do。常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。

作表语：

Her job is to clean the hall. 她的工作是打扫大厅。

作宾语：

下面谓语动词后常和不定式联用：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer,

例如：I want to be a scientist in the future. At last，Tom managed to get on the bus and arrived on time. 注意：如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：

Max found it necessary to keep the good habit of getting up early.。

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：

I have no choice but to wait for him here. 我只能留在这里等他，别无选择。

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike. 他上周日除了修他的自行车什么也没干。

作宾语补足语：

在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．

他有很多工作要做，所以没去电影院。

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：

I saw him cross the road. 我看见他横过公路。

He was seen to cross the road. 他被我看见横过公路。

作定语：

动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：

①动宾关系（被动关系）

I have a meeting to attend. 我有一个会议要出席。

注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：

He found a good house to live in. 他找到了一个居住的好房子。

What did you open it with? 你用什么打开它？

如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：

He has no place to live. 他无处安身。

This is the best way to work out this problem. 这是解决这个问题的最好办法。

②说明所修饰名词的内容：

We have made a plan to finish the work. 我们制定了一个完成工作的计划。

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：

He is the first to get here. 他第一个来到这儿。

作状语：

①表目的：

He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。

注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：

To save money, every means has been tried.

To save money, he has tried every means. 为了省钱，他使出了浑身解数。

To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

To learn English well, he needs a dictionary. 为了学好英语，他需要一本词典。

②表结果(往往是与预期愿望相反的结果

意料之外)：

常放在never only后

He arrived late only to find the train had gone. 他来晚了，只见火车已经走了。

I visited him only to find him out. 我去拜访他，只见他出去了。

③表原因：常放在形容词后面

They were very sad to hear the news. 他们听到这条新闻非常伤心。

④表程度：

It's too dark for us to see anything. 太暗了，我们什么也看不见。

The question is simple for him to answer. 这问题由他来回答是很简单的。

不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor. 他希望学医并成为医生。

练习1：判断下列句子中不定式的成分及功能

To lose your heart means failure.

It is very nice of you to help me with the work. He appears to have caught a cold. It is unwise of them to do like that. We've decided to put on a short play next week.

She thought it unnecessary to argue with him about it. The teacher asked us to recite the texts. The child has nothing to worry about. To support his family, he worked very hard day and night.

动名词

动名词的形式：

Ving

否定式：not + 动名词

1.一般式：

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

2. 被动式：

He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

3. 完成式：

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

4. 完成被动式：

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

5. 否定式：not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

动名词的句法功能：

作主语：

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

作表语：

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

作宾语：

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

任务2：填入合适的词并找出动名词的成分

1. Can you imagine yourself _______ in a lonely island? (stay)

2. I can't understand your _______ at that poor child. (laugh)

3. She didn't mind _______ overtime. (work)

4. To make a living, he tried _______, _______, and various other things, but he had failed in all. (write; paint)

5. We are looking forward to Mary's _______. (come)

6. She was praised for _______ the life of the child. (save)

7. She ought to be praised rather than _______. (criticize).

8. Is there any possibility of our _______ the championship? (win)

9. He came to the party without _______. (invite)

现在分词

现在分词的句法功能：

作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语，放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

作表语：

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

作宾语补足语：

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

现在分词作状语：

①作时间状语：

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语：

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语，表示伴随：

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。

④作条件状语：

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语：

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语：

He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

⑦作让步状语：

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

Time permitting; we'll do another two exercises.

有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑨作独立成分：

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。

过去分词

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则

要求，要一一记住。

作定语：

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

作表语：

The window is broken. 窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

作宾语补足语：

I heard the song sung several times last week.

有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

作状语：

Praised by the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents.

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.

练习：单句改错

1. Children may not develop the habit of read and the ability to enjoy themselves.

2. It is very difficult for a foreigner learn Chinese. 3. It was silly of you believe what he said. 4. I am thinking of making a trip to London，and visit the British Museum and some parks.

（2016四川卷）

5. I will let you to know as soon as I hear from her. 6. I waved to her but failed attract her attention. 7. I have already seen the film twice. I don’t want see it any more.

8. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.

9. It was clear that he wanted be alone. 10. Most children are interested in listen to stories.

11. Walk quickly is difficult for an old man. 12. To be honest, it is my honor meet you in person and have such a great conversation. 13. be careful in cross the street.

14. The film is very interesting. It is worth see twice. 15. Find work is very difficult these days. 16. Most of us students enjoy ask questions in English. 17. Look，some of my classmates are practicing speak English over there. 18. Teach a child to sing and dance is very interesting.

19. He decided to go to the south，find a good job and living there.

20. My friend Jim is very good at making things and repair things. 非谓语动词高考题精选

1．They knew her very well．They had seen her ____ up from childhood．(MET88)

A．grow

B．grew

C．was growing

D．to grow 2.The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable to ____．(MET88)

A．sit

B．sit on

C．be sat

D．be sat on 3．She didn't remember ____ him before．(MET88)

A．having met

B．have met

C．to meet

D．to having met 4．Mother ____ us stories when we were young．(MET88)

A．was used to tell

B．is used to telling

C．used to tell

D．used to telling 5．Go on ____ the other exercise after you have finished this one．(MET89)

A．to do

B．doing

C．with

D．to be doing 6．

—

What do you think of the book? —

Oh, excellent．It' s worth ____ a second time．(MET89)

A．to read

B．to be read

C．reading

D．being read 7.Do you know the boy ____ under the big tree? (MET89)

A．lay

B．lain

C．laying

D．lying 8.There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light．(MET89)

A．followed

B．following

C．to be followed D．being followed 9．--- Good morning．Can I help you?

--- I'd like to have this package, madam．(MET89)

A．be weighed

B．to be weighed C．to weigh

D．weighed 10．She pretended ____ me when I passed by．(MET98)

A．not to see

B．not seeing

C．to not see

D．having not seen 11．____ more attention ,the tree could have grown better．(MET90)

A．Given

B．To give

C．Giving

D．Having given 12.Most of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa．(MET90)

A．invited

B．to invite

C．being invited

D．had been invited 13．Tom kept quiet about the accident ____ lose his job．(MET90)

A．so not as to

B．so as not to

C．so as to not D．not so as to 14．She searched the top of the hill and stopped ____ on a big rock by the side of the path. (MET90)

A．to have rested B．resting

C．to rest

D．rest 15．Last summer I took a course on _______. (MET90)

A．how to make dress

B．how dress be made

C．how to be made dress

D．how dress to be made 16.The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president. (MET91)

A．to prepare

B．preparing

C．prepared

D．was preparing 17．She’s upstairs ____ letters．(NMET91 )

A．writes

B．is writing

C．write

D．writing 18 .The speaker raised his voice but still couldn't make himself ____．(NMET91)

A．hear

B．to hear

C．heating

D．heard 19.The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back．(MET91)

A．being tied

B．having tied

C．to be tied

D．tied 20．On Saturday afternoon, Mr. Green went to the market, ____ some bananas and visited his cousin. (MET91)

A．bought

B．buying

C．to buy

D．buy 21 .Jane was made ____ the truck for a week as a punishment．(MET91)

A．to wash

B．washing

C．wash

D．to be washing 22．Mr. Smith warned her daughter ____ after drinking. (MET91)

A．never to drive

B．to never drive

C．never driving

D．never drive 23．--- The light in the office is still on.

--- Oh, I ____ forgot. (MET91)

A．turning it off

B．turn it off

C．to turn it off

D．having turned it off 24．I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days．

(MET91)

A．sail

B．to sail

C．sailing

D．to have sailed 25．--- Shall we go skating or stay at home? (MET92)

--- Which ____do yourself?

A．do your rather

B．would you rather

C．will you rather

D．should you rather 高三英语总复习语法专项练习

非谓语动词高考题选参考答案

1．A see是感官动词，后接不带to的动词不定式做宾语补足语，表示从小看到长大成人的全过程。

2．B sit与chair有逻辑上的动宾关系。sit是不及物动词，故需要介词on，且to sit on只能用主动表被动。"It is+adj+to do"为固定句式，用主动表被动。

3．A 从原题中的before这一信息词可暗示考生remember后接having done/doing/to have done等表示"记得做过了"。

4．C 从原题中when we were young这一信息句可判断，应用used to/would表示过去常常。A项："被使用去做…"。B项："现在习惯于做…"。D项是语法错误。

5．A 从原题中after you have finished this one和the other exercise这一信息句可知，A项表示继续做与原来不同的事。B、C项是表示继续做与原来相同的事。D项不符合语法。

6．C be(well)worth doing是惯用法，其中doing是主动形式表示被动意思。

7．D lying是现在分词作后置定语，相当于who is lying这样的定语从句。lie是不及物动词"躺"的意思。

8．B noise与follow之间是主动关系，故用现在分词following作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句which followed the sudden burst of light．

9．D 原题中的have只能理解成使役动词，故have sth．done是找人干某事。如果把have理解成"有"的意思，答语应改为I have a package to be weighed．

10．A pretend后只接不定式作宾语，且not应放在不定式to之前。

11．A give与主句中的主语the tree之间有逻辑上的被动关系，且从主句看，考生应知，这是一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句。故该句相当于If the tree had been given more attention，the tree could have grown better．

12．A 原题were from South Africa可知，the party已开完。故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成。

13．B so as to相当于in order to，它的否定式应放在不定式to之前。[注意]so as to不用于句首。

14．C stop to do sth．=stop and do sth．是停下来所做的事而去做另一件事。stop doing是停止做某事。

15．A 疑问词how加不定式，可作介词的宾语。

16．B 用现在分词作伴随状语。A项是不定式，可做目的状语，但目的状语前不用逗号。C、D属语法错误。

17．D 可参看16题。

18．D make oneself done是惯用法。在本题的意思是："使自己的声音被别人听到"。

19．D 在with结构中，hands与tie之间的关系是被动关系，故排除B项。tied不仅表示被动，还表示完成动作，故排除A、C项。

20．A 从原题中的最后一个动作and visited可知，这是三个一连串的动作作谓语。 21．A make sb．

do这一句型变成被动语态时为：be made to do sth．

22．A warn sb．

not(never) to do sth．是惯用法。

23．C forget to do sth．是"是忘记去做某事"，forget与remember的用法一样。可参看3题。

24．C imagine后接动名词作宾语。Peter是sailing的逻辑主语，也可写成Peter's，它们合起来称为动名词的复合结构。

25．B would rather do sth．是惯用法，变问句时，把would提前。