Grammar特级教师教学实录

Section_ⅢGrammar —

现在完成时

语法图解

探究发现

①It’s been six years since we last saw each other, you know. ②And this is the first time I’ve visited your hometown. ③I’ve seen quite a lot of China and I’ve visited some beautiful cities. ④But this is one of the most attractive places I’ve been to. ⑤They’ve put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. ⑥My wife’s just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there. ⑦Xiao Li has lived in Xiamen all his life. ⑧The family have lived in the town for twenty years. ⑨Up to now, I’ve understood everything the teacher said. ⑩He has gone to the Great Wall. [我的发现]

(1)现在完成时的构成是：have/has＋过去分词。

(2)由例句①可知，现在完成时可与

since 引导的时间状语从句连用。

(3)由例句⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨可知，现在完成时可与时间状语recently,_just, all his life, for_twenty_years,_up_to_now 连用。

(4)由例句④⑩可知，have/has_been_to 表示“曾经去过(某地)”；have/has_gone_to 表示“已经去了(某地)，去而未归”。

一、现在完成时的基本概念

现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，强调过去的动作对现在的影响。现在完成时与现在有关，属于现在时态。

二、现在完成时的构成

肯定句

否定句

疑问句

被动句

[即时演练1]

按要求改写句子

They have built another hospital in the area. →They haven’t_built another hospital in the area.(否定句) →Have_they_built another hospital in the area？(疑问句)

→Another hospital has_been_built by them in the area.(被动句) 三、现在完成时的基本用法

1．“完成用法”：表示动作在说话时已经完成(可不指出动作发生的确切时间)，但对现在产生某种后果或影响。常与ever, recently, before, so far, up to now, till now, in the past years, these days等时间状语连用。

Tom has made much progress in his learning of Chinese.

汤姆在汉语学习方面取得了很大的进步。

Have you ever been to the West Lake? 你曾经去过西湖吗？

2．“未完成用法”：表示动作发生在过去，并且一直持续到现在，甚至还可能继续下去，这时常和“since＋点时间状语(名词、短语、从句)”或“for＋段时间状语”连用。

We have lived here since 1994. 自1994年以来我们一直住在这里。

I have taught

in this school for 30 years. 我在这所学校任教了30年。

3．在条件、时间状语从句中表示将来完成的动作。

I won’t believe it until I have seen it with my own eyes. 直到我亲眼见到才相信。

He will come as soon as he has finished his work. 他一做完工作就会来。

[即时演练2]

(1)选词填空：for, since ①My aunt has worked in Australia for 15 years. ②Margaret is in her office. She has been there since 7 o’clock.

③Mike has been ill for a long time. He has been in hospital since October. 主语＋have/has＋过去分词．.. 主语＋have/has not＋过去分词．.. Have/Has＋主语＋过去分词．..？

主语＋have/has been＋过去分词．..

(2)翻译句子

①你在这里住了多少年了？

How_many_years_have_you_lived_here? ②吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

Jim_has_finished_his_homework_already._He_is_free_now. ③直到公交车停下了才能下车。

Don’t_get_off_the_bus_until_it_has_stopped. ④我们已在这儿逗留了3个星期。

We’ve_stayed_here_for_three_weeks. 四、现在完成时难点突破

1．现在完成时与瞬时性动词

瞬时性动词也可以有现在完成时，但是不可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用；必须与表示时间段的状语连用时，要用相应的延续性动词来代替。

我买了辆新车。I have bought a new car for two weeks.×我买了新车两周了。I have had a new car for two weeks.√我买了新车两周了。他已经离开了。He has left for an hour.×他已经离开一个小时了。He has been away for an hour.√他已经离开一个小时了。[即时演练3]

单句改错

He has left.√I have bought a new car.√

①Lucy has arrived here for five days.arrived→been ②He has borrowed the book for two years.borrowed→kept ③They have made friends since they went to college.made→been 2．现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

现在完成时

一般过去时

强调对现在造成的影响或产生的结果，落脚点在现在

着重说明动作发生在过去，强调动作本身，落脚点在过去

We have visited the school. 我们参观过这所学校。(说明现在对这所学校有所了解) We visited the school last week.

我们上周参观了这所学校。(只说明上周参观学校这个动作) She has lived in Paris for twenty years. 她在巴黎住了20年了。(可能刚搬走，还可能继续住下去) She lived in Paris for twenty years. 她在巴黎住了20年。(现在已经不在那里住了) [即时演练4]

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

①He received (receive) a letter from his mother yesterday. ②Shanghai was (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it has_become (become) a large city. ③I have_taught (teach) here for fifteen years. ④—You speak very good French! —Thanks. I studied (study) French in Sichuan University for four years.

(2)对比翻译

①她在这所学校任教20年了。(可能刚调走，还可能继续教下去) She_has_taught_in_this_school__for_twenty_years. ②她曾在这所学校任教20年。(现在已经不在那里任教了) She_taught_in_this_school__for_twenty_years. 3．现在完成时的三种常用句型

(1)It is/has been ＋一段时间＋since ... It is/has been seven years since Tom started learning English. 汤姆学习英语已经有七年时间了。

(2)This/It is the first/second/... time (that) sb. have done sth.“这是某人第一/二/……次做某事”。

It’s the first time (that) the boy has spoken to a foreigner. 这是这个男孩第一次同外国人说话。

(3)在“This/That/It is the ＋形容词最高级＋名词＋that从句”结构中，that从句要用现在完成时态。

This is the best film that I’ve ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Mr Li is not at home. He has_gone (go) to Shanghai. 2．This is the first time that she has_visited (visit) the Great Wall. 3．The three of us traveled (travel) around Europe for about a month last summer.

4．This is the most interesting party that I have_enjoyed (enjoy)．

5．A lecture on the computer has_been_given (give) three times by Mr. Zhang already. 6．The unemployment rate in this district has_fallen (fall) from 6% to 5% in the past two years. 7．Miss Green taught (teach) us English last year. She has_taught (teach) us for about 2 years. 8．Mr. Brown has_made (make) a lot of friends since he came (come) to work in New York two years ago. 9．He joined

(join) the army two years ago. In other words, he has_been (be) a soldier for two years. 10．—Have you seen (see) my dictionary? —Yes, I saw (see) it on your bed yesterday. Ⅱ.完成句子

1．We have_been_friends since we were_very_young. 我们从很小的时候就是好朋友。

2．Over the years, we have_developed_a_good_friendship with each other. 最近几年，我们已经互相培养了良好的友谊。

3．We have_learned_2,000_English_words so far. 到目前为止，我们已学了2 000个英语单词了。

4．It is the first time this year that he hasn’t_worked on a Saturday. 这是今年他第一次在周六不上班。

5．He has_lived_in_the_city for three years, and he has_made_a_lot_of_new_friends. 他在这个城市住了三年了，并且交了许多新朋友。

6．We haven’t_decided when to discuss the problem again. 我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。

7．He left_his_hometown five years ago and no one has_seen_him ever since. 他五年前离开了家乡，从此之后没有人见过他。

8．Whatever the result is, we should accept it with a smile, because we have_tried_our_best.

无论结果怎样，我们都要微笑着接受，因为我们已经尽了全力。

Ⅲ.短文改错

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。

修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。

Here are the information about Manchester University. It is about 200 miles away from London, and it has the very big schoolyard. You can live in the school or near the school. It has all sorts of course. I’m sure you will find one you like it. I know you are particularly interesting in human rights. So I will see that there is anything on their website. I’ll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport when you arrived. You met him a few years ago, but he had changed a lot since then. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. 答案：第一句：are→is 第二句：the→a 第四句：course→courses 第五句：去掉it 第六句：interesting→interested 第七句：that→if/whether 第八句：在meet之前加to; arrived→arrive 第九句：had→has 第十句：or→and