Using LanguageⅠ主要内容及教案内容

/选修十词汇讲解

Unit 1 venture

n./v.

venture to do

- adventure

web

- website Scottish

adj.

– Scotland

n.

suffering

n. – sufferings

– suffer

v.

suffer losses/pain/defeat (experience something bad) suffer from headaches/shock (feel pain or sadness) strengthen

v. – strength

n. – strong

adj. – weaken

v.

eg. strengthen the bridge/muscles/resolve/position

endurance

n. – endure

vt. – endurable

adj.

= stand, bear, tolerate, put up with

unbearable

adj. –

bear

vt. –

bearable

adj. –

unbearably

adv.

= intolerable adj.

block out

- be blocked out

eg. Black clouds blocked out the sun.

- block n. /v.

eg. An ugly building blocked the view from the window. （挡住，堵住）

The proposal has been blocked by the government. （妨碍，阻碍）

breathless

adj. – breath

n. – breathe

v.

– breathlessly

adv.

– out of breath

rotten adj. – rot n./v. – rotted

blacken

v. – black

n./adj.

circumstance

n.

- in/under the circumstances

eg. Under the circumstances, it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.

- in/under no circumstances

= in no case eg. Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.

bless vt. – blessing

n.

selfish

adj. – selfishly

adv. – selfishness

n.

– unselfish

adj.

= selfless

adj. – unselfishly adv. = selflessly

adv.

– selflessness

n.

hook

n. /v.

be hooked in …= be fascinated by =be attracted to = lose one’s heart to …

aboard

adv./prep.

= on board

eg. We went aboard.

All aboard! seasickness

n. – seasick adj.

anyhow

adv. = anyway; in any case crush

vt.

eg. The car was completely crushed under the truck.

mourn

v. –

mourning

n. –

mournful

adj. (very sad) eg. He was still mourning his brother’s death.

urgent

adj.(= pressing)

–

urgently

adv. –

urgency

n.

- in urgent need of …

vital

adj. + to/for

eg. Vitamins are vital for health.

It is vital that you keep accurate records when you are self-employed . Reading is of vital importance in language learning.

The police play a vital role in our society.

cheerful

adj. = happy

- cheer

v./n.

-

cheer sb. up

persevere

vt. –

perseverance

n. – persevering

adj. 坚忍不拔的，不屈不挠的

persevere in sth./doing

persevere with sth./sb.

eg. Despite a number of setbacks, they persevered in their attempts to fly around the world in a balloon.

faith

n. = belief; trust

–

faithful

adj. –

faithfully

adv. -

have/lose faith in …

give way to = make way for

eg. He refused to give way to anybody on any of the points.

rank

n. /v.

eg. Last year, he was ranked second in his age group.

select

v. –

selection

n.

–

selective

adj. 认真挑选的

，选择性的

-

be selected for/as/from/to do

booming adj. –

boom v./n. 激增，繁荣

eg. Business is booming.

swear

vt. –

swore

–

sworn

-

swear to sb.

swear on sth.

advocate

vt. /n. – advocacy

n.

eg. Many experts advocate rewarding your child for good behavior. The report advocated that all buildings be fitted with smoke detectors.

freezing

adj. (extremely cold) – freeze

v. – frozen

adj.

eg. freezing wind

gratitude

n. –

grateful

adj. –

gratefully

adv.

-

show/express gratitude to sb. for sth.

-

be grateful to sb. for sth.

punishment

n. –

punish

v.

be punished for …

loyal

adj. = faithful

- loyally

adv. –

loyalty

n.

–

disloyal

adj. 不忠诚的

-

be loyal to

tactful

adj. 机智的，老练的–

tact

n. 机智，手法–

tactfully

adv.

eg. I tried to find a tactful way of telling her the truth.

odd

adj. = strange, unusual

eg. The odd thing was that he didn’t recognize me.

-

odd-looking

optimism

n. –

optimistic

adj. –

optimistically

adv.

- be optimistic about …

–

pessimism

悲观– pessimistic – pessimistically

delay

v./n.

= put off

-

without delay

discourage

vt. –

courage

n. 勇气–

encourage

vt. 鼓励

–

encouragement

n. 鼓励

–

discouragementn. 挫折–

discouraging

adj. 使人泄气的

–

discouraged

adj.感到泄气的

-

discourage sb. from doing

eg. His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor.

regular

adj. –

regularly

adv. – regularity

n. 规律性，定期

-

on a regular basis

grasp

vt. (hold or understand)

-

grasp every opportunity to …

eg. They failed to grasp the importance of his words.

give off = send out

eg. The food gave off a bad smell.

bored

adj. – boring

adj. –

boredom

n.

-

be bored with …

eg. a bored expression

changeable

adj. – change

n./v. – unchanging

adj. 不变的

– unchanged

adj. 无变化的

caution

n./v. –

cautious

adj. –

cautiously

adv.

-

with caution

-

caution (sb.) against sth /caution sb. about sth. eg. The government cautioned that pay increases could lead to job losses.

snow blindness

n.

– snow-blind

adj.

admirable

adj. –

admire

v. –

admiration

n.

– admirably

adv.

commitment

n. –

commit

v.

+ to sb./sth./do

eg. The company’s commitment to providing quality at a reasonable price has been vital to its success.

proverb

n.

eg. As the proverb goes, no pain, no gain.

Unit 2 respect

n./vt. –

respectful

adj.尊敬的

–

respectfully

adv.

–

respectable

adj. 受人尊敬

的，体面的

–

disrespectful失礼的，无礼的- disrespectfully

adv.

be respectful to sb. = show respect for sb.

short

adj. – shorten

v.–

shortness

n.短小，不足

–

shortage

n.不足，短缺

–

shortly

adv. 立刻，马上

modern

adj. – modernize

vt.

- realize, socialize, …

burden

n./v.

= load

eg. The burden of organizing the activity fell to me.

I don’t want to burden you with my problem.

hand over

eg. He will hand over charge of his office tomorrow. The thief was handed over to the police.

- hand down 流传，传递

- hand in

- hand out

- lay/put one’s hands on 拿到，抓到

- lend sb. a helping hand

responsible

adj. – responsibility

n.

- bear/shoulder the responsibility of …

- be responsible for sth. /to sb.

allocate

vt. = assign

- allocation

n.

distribute

vt. –

distribution

n.

whichever

adj./pron.

eg. She’ll buy whichever is cheapest. It has the same result, whichever way you do it. （= no matter which you do it）

adore

vt.

–

adoration

n. –

adorable

adj.值得崇敬的，可爱的

– adoring

adj. 崇拜的，爱慕的

pray

vt.

– prayer

n. 祈祷，祷告

- pray for sth.

- pray to sb.

- pray sb. to do

care for = take care of; be fond of

eg. It seemed to be her mission to care for her brother’s children. I’m fond of her but I don’t care for her husband.

- care about 关心，在乎

contradict

vt. –

contradiction

n.

eg. She doesn’t like to contradict her husband in public. The report contradicts what we heard yesterday.

hear … out

eg.

Don’t make any decision yet. Please hear me out.

- hear about/of - hear from sb.

on behalf of sb. = on one’s behalf

= as the representative of sb; instead of sb eg. I am writing on behalf of my mother to express her thanks for your gift.

On behalf of everyone here, I’d like to thank you for your help.

Mr. Knight cannot be here, so his wife will accept the prize on his behalf.

- represent

vt.

eg. The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries. The association was formed to represent the interests of women artists.

flatter

vt. – flattery

n.

beyond question = out of question

eg. Her sincerity is beyond question. He is, beyond question, the best man for the job.

speak out

eg. The newspapers are afraid to speak out against the government. The teacher asked her to speak out.

forecast

vt./n. –

forecast –

forecast/forecasted - forecasted

= predict eg. weather/sales forecast Experts are forecasting a recovery in the economy.

oppose

vt. –

opposed

adj.

- oppose sth./doing

- be opposed to

= be against

– opposite

prep./adj./adv./n.

pack (sth.) up

give away赠送，分发，泄露

eg. She gave away all her money to the poor. His accent gave him away as a northerner.

- give out - give up - give off - give in

fond

adj. – fondness

n.

be fond of : have a great liking for…

a fond look/embrace/memories

(kind and loving

deceit

n. –

deceive v. -deceitful

adj. = dishonest- deceive sb. (into doing)

corrupt

v. /adj.

贪污的，腐败的，使腐化

–

corruption

n.

eg. corrupt officials

He was corrupted by power and ambition.

greed

n. –

greedy

adj. –

greedily

adv. - be greedy for sth.

innocent

adj. –

innocently

adv. –

innocence -

guilty

-

be innocent of eg. She was found innocent of any crime. It was all innocent fun. (= harmless) ) n.

an innocent young child

cunning

adj./n. eg. He was as cunning as a fox.

store

v. –

storage

n.

eg. food storage facilities

author

= writer

sacrifice

n. /v. eg. Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education. They offered sacrifices to the gods. (祭品) She sacrificed everything for her children.

make a name = become famous

allergic

adj. –

allergy

n.

- be allergic to

eg. I like cats but unfortunately I’m allergic to them.

You could see he was allergic to housework.

(having a strong dislike of sth/sb) - sensitive

(easily offended or upset; reacting quickly; able to measure very small changes)

sneeze

n./v.

make a sneeze

confirm

vt. –

confirmation

n.

eg. It has been confirmed that the meeting will take place next week.

rewind

vt. – wind

v. – rewound – rewound

- rewrite, rework, revisit, review …

cash

n./vt.

- in cash用现金

- pay cash - cash a check 兑现支票

cheque /check

by check用支票

sign

v. –

signature

n.

terminal

n./adj.

– terminate

v. (=end)

vacant

adj. (empty; unoccupied) – vacancy

n. eg. a vacant seat job vacancies

dust

n. – dusty

adj.

respond

vi. /vt.= answer, react, reply

–

response

n.

- respond to …

eg. When asked about the company’s future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.

How did they respond to the news?

staff

n.

eg. medical/teaching staff a staff of ten ten staff The staff in this shop are/is very helpful.

suspect

vt./n. /adj. = feel doubt about

- suspicious

adj. 可疑的

- suspect sb of sth./doing eg. I began to suspect that they were trying to get rid of me. He resigned after being suspected of theft.

insult

n./vt.

– insulting

adj. 侮辱的，无礼的

eg. I have never been so insulted in my life.

The questions were an insult to our intelligence.

scold

vt. – scolding

n. eg. He scolded them for arriving late.

drunken

adj. u - drink –drank – drunk - drunk

adj.(not usually before a noun.) eg. a drunken driver drunk driving

demand

vt./n.

– demanding

adj. 要求高的，要求严的

- meet/satisfy one’s demands满足某人的要求

- in demand 需求大

- on demand 一经要求

- demand sth. - demand to do

- demand that …(should) do …

Unit 3 civil

adj. – citizen

n.

civil war

register

n./v.

boycott

n.

prohibit

vt. = forbid

offend

v. –

offence

n.

just

adj. –

unjust

adj. (not fair) – justice

n.

separate

v./adj.

–

separation

n. (division; breaking or coming apart)

tradition

n. – traditional

adj.

- pass on the tradition to …

- follow the tradition

submit

v. – submission

n.

willing

adj. –

unwilling

adj. (=reluctant) - be unwilling to do

seize

vt. – grasp, catch, take hold of, take control of - seize on: take and use eagerly

collide

v. –

collision

n.

- collision course

冲突（的进程或行动）

hope

n./v. – hopeful

adj. – hopefully

adv.

negotiate

v. – negotiation

n.

chaos

n.

- in chaos punctual

adj. – punctually

adv. = on time

coincidence

n. – coincident

adj.

- by coincidence = by accident

pedestrian

n.

march

vi. = advance

- March

pave

v. –

pavement

n.

salute

v. – salutation

n. 招呼，致敬

abuse

n./vt.

hostile

adj. –

hostility

n.

resolve

n./v.

= resolution/determine

pray

v. – prayer

n. 祈祷

bomb

n./vt.

supreme

adj.

nationwide

adj.

constitution

n. – constitutional

adj.

fundamental

adj. = basic; essential

battle

n. = fight; struggle

happy

adj. – happily

adv. –

happiness

n.

liberty

n. = freedom

skim

vt. – skimmed – skimmed – skimming

evident

adj. = obvious; clear - evidently

adv. – evidence

n.

- self-evident

不证自明的；不言而喻的

brief

adj. (short) – briefly

adv.

discriminate

v. –

discrimination

n.

- racial discrimination

philosophy

n. – philosophical

adj.

commit

vt. (do sth illegal or wrong) - commit a crime

live out

(experience)

creed

n.

brotherhood

- sisterhood

- motherhood parenthood – childhood

oasis

n.

symphony

n.

almighty

adj. (having all power)

quote

v. –

quotation

n.

dominate

v. – dominator

n. – domination

n.

-