Listening and vocabulary课件配套优秀教案案例

冠词

冠词是考纲中要求掌握的语法项目之一，冠词的灵活运用是高考命题的一个热点，几乎每年高考题都有涉及冠词的题目。冠词的考查，主要包括冠词表示“泛指”和“特指”。冠词表示类别，冠词的特殊用法，习语中的冠词，零冠词等情况

当代语法把冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三种。

考点一：不定冠词

1）不定冠词有a和an两种情况，a用在以辅音音素开头的名词前，an用在以元音音素开头的词前；

eg：In a university, a European

and a one-eyed

man walked along a one-way

road with a useful tool. This is a usual thing.

在一所大学里，一个欧洲人和一个一只眼的人拿着一件有用的工具沿着一条单行道走着。这是一件平常之事

An hour ago, an honest man accepted an unusual gift and went to finish an honorable task.

一个小时前，一个诚实的人接受了一件非同寻常的礼物，去完成一项光荣的任务。

2）不定冠词a/an用在单数可数名词前表示泛指，泛指某一人或某一物

eg: The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well-being and a dream of harmony, peace and development.

“中国梦”是一个改善民生的梦，是一个和谐、和平和发展的梦。

3）表示某种身份、职业、地位、国籍

eg: When the Ashleys tried to make her return, Mumbet consulted a lawyer, Theodore Sedgewick.

当Ashleys一家试图让她回来时，Mumbet咨询了一个叫西奥多.塞奇威克的律师

4）用在人名或者时间名词前表示不确定的某个人或者某个时间；用在人名前还可以表示与某人有类似性质的人。

eg: --Excuse me, is there a Mr Tailor living in the neighborhood? There is a parcel for him.

---Sorry, there is no such person here.

---劳驾，这个居民点有一个名叫Tailor的先生吗？

---对不起，这么没有这么一个人

5）不定冠词用在序数词前不表示排序，而表示“再一”、“又一”

eg: She didn’t like the color of the two bags and asked for a third one.

她不喜欢这两个包的颜色，又要了一个。

6）表示单位时间内的频度，含有“每”的概念

eg: The medicine is to be taken three times a day.

这药每天吃三次

7）具有动作意义的名词在与have, take, make等构成短语表示一种短暂性的动作时，前面要加不定冠词

eg: take a look; have a try 8）不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中，如：a waste of 浪费……；all of a sudden突然地；as a rule 通常

eg：It hit me all of a sudden that I had forgotten her birthday.

我突然想起，我把她生日给忘了

考点二：定冠词

1）表示上文提到的人或者事物；

eg:

I have bought a book. The book is very useful. 2）用于说话人与听话人心中都知道的人或事物。

eg:

Close the window, please.

3）用于表示世界上独一无二的事物、自然现象、发明物之前。

the sun, the moon, the earth, the world 等

eg: Do you know who invented the telephone? 4）用于表示方位的名词和西洋乐器之前。

the east, the right, play the piano 5）用于序数词、最高级或者比较级（两者相比较、表示特指的时候）前

eg: Do you know which story is the more interesting of the two?

你认为这两个故事中哪个更有趣？

6）用于集合名词、物质名词和某些专有名词前

eg: Marco Polo is said to have sailed on the Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in the thirteenth century.

据说在十三世纪马可波罗去爪哇岛途中曾航行经过太平洋

7）定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人和事物

eg: Many of the injured are still in danger.

8）用在表示计量的名词前面如by the hour, by the dozen等，但若名词为抽象名词则不加冠词如by weight, by height等；

eg: -- It is said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 a year.

--Right, he will also get paid by the week.

-----据说约翰将拥有一份年收入超过60000美金的工作

----是的，而且会按周获得报酬

9）定冠词the用在表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示全家人或者夫妻俩

eg: The Whites settled down in Canada last year 去年怀特一家在加拿大定居。

考点三：不定冠词

1）不可数名词、复数名词表泛指，用零冠词

eg: Teachers are badly needed in the remote districts.

偏远地区非常需要教师

2）称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词

eg: Dr. Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “A fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”

这所学校的校长Peter Spence博士告诉我们，这里五分之一的学生将继续到牛津或剑桥大学深造。

3）月、季、星期、节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，用零冠词

eg: A year can be divided into four seasons--- spring, summer, autumn and winter.

4）no与such连用时应放在such之前，such后的名词不用冠词

eg: There is no such thing as a free lunch in the world.

5）在turn（变成）作表语的名词前不用冠词，但become后的可数名词作表语时前要加冠词

eg: He became a doctor while his brother turned teacher.

他成为一名医生而他弟弟当了教师

【针对训练】

I 单句语法填空

1.

Long long ago there was ______old king who had _____ very beautiful daughter.

2.

He was a famous teacher before he turned _______ lawyer.

3.

If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be ______ must for you to make _______ most of your time.

4.

---Well, that is one of _______most expensive hotels in town, I’m afraid.

-----Do you mean we’d better choose _______ cheaper one? 5.

We Chinese have a dream---- _______ dream to turn a well-off life into ______ a reality by 2020.

6.

Here is _______very person we are looking for, one with _______ good knowledge of German.

7.

It is _______ great pleasure for me to give a speech on ________ nature of human beings.

8.

Today the Internet is playing ________ important and essential role in our life.

9.

Finally, I accepted _______ offer of an 80-year-old peasant woman who lived alone in a little house.

10.

Mr Smith was elected _______president of our school yesterday.

答案：1. an; a

2./

3 a; the

4. the;a

5. a;a

6. the; a

7. a; the

8. an

9. the

10. / II 单句改错

1.

Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside.

2.

I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning.

3.

Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.

4.

As result, the plants are growing everywhere.

5.

That day I didn’t learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity.

6.

Yesterday afternoon, I paid visit to Mr. Johnson. I was eager to see him, but outside his room I stopped.

7.

In our country, every child has the chance to receive an education.

8.

He would greet us in a tree outside our bedroom, calling hello as we lay in bed in the morning.

9.

After about half a hour, the rain had stopped and I went home.

10.

We all know that the man is the most developed animal in the world.

答案：

1.

Countryside前加the

2 hurry前a

3 第一个a改成an

4 as后加a

5 a改成an 6 paid后加a

7 去掉an

8 a改成the

9 a改成an

10 去掉第一个the

【感悟高考】

1.

（2015新课标全国II）The adobe dwellings built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _______ most modern of architects and engineers.

2.

（2015广东）Mr. Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned _______

farm, which looked almost abandoned.

3.

（2015湖南）For all your information, you don’t have to go to _______ library to find the relevant resource and takes notes on it.

4.

（2015浙江）Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years, but one thing or another always got in ______ way.

5.

（2015四川）Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be _______ Beethoven.

6.

（2015重庆）I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by _______ gunman wearing a mask.

7.

（2014全国新课标I）Now, years later, this river is one of ______ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

8.

（2014广东）She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _______ top floor.

9.

（2014天津）Life is like _______ ocean: Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.

10.

（2014重庆）I can’t tell you ______ way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have _______ Wilson here in the village.

答案：1 the

2 a

3 the

4 a,the

5 a

6 the,a

7the

8 the

9 an

10 the,a

【语篇填空】

There once was a king who offered 1.______ prize to 2.______artist who would paint 3._____ best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The king looked at all 4.________ pictures. But there were only two he really liked, and he had to choose between them.

One picture was of a calm lake. The lake was a perfect mirror for peaceful high mountains all around it. Overhead was a blue sky with fluffy white clouds. All who saw this picture thought that it was 5._______ perfect picture of peace.

The other picture had mountains, too. But there were rugged and bare. Above was 6.______ angry sky, from which rain fell and in which lightning played. Down 7.______side of the mountain tumbled a foaming waterfall. This did not look peaceful at all.

But when the king looked closely, he saw behind 8.________ waterfall a tiny bush growing in a crack in the rock. In the bush 9._______ mother bird had built her nest. There, in the midst of the rush of angry water, sat the mother bird on her nest--in perfect peace.

The king chose10. ______second picture.

答案：1 a

2 the

3 the

4 the

5 a

6 an

7 the

8 the

9a

10 the