Learning about Language名师课堂实录

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions

The First Period Grammar Teaching goals 教学目标

1. Target language目标语言

a. 重点词汇和短语

committee, bear, jam, mess, expectation, embarrasses, traffic jam, set about, take up b. 重点句子

So nothing went according to plan and that is why... The twin sisters are so much alike that... The weather upset... so much that... When I watch..., I feel as if... 2. Ability goals能力目标

Enable the students to use the past participle as the attribute.

3. Learning ability goals学能目标

Help the students learn how to use the past participle as the attribute.

Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点

How to use the past participle as the attribute.

Teaching methods 教学方法

Individual work and practice. Teaching aids教具准备

A projector and a blackboard. Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式

Step Ⅰ Revision

Check the students’ homework and ask the students to retell the text.

A sample retelling version:

My mother lived in the countryside and was upset about the snakes in the yard. She wanted me to help her get rid of them. How to catch these snakes without hurting them?

First I checked if there were products that might help, but there seemed to be only some powders. So I had to find out a new way. I began researching the habits of snakes. Then I decided on three possible ways and used the last one: to cool the snakes and catch them.

I bought an ice-cream maker and took the bowl from the machine. I put some jelly on the outside and inside walls of the bowl. Then I put the bowl into the freezer and waited. At the same time, I prepared some ice-tubes.

In the following two days, I tried to catch them. But I failed.

Then I decided to use a net to catch the snakes after they became passive. This time, I made it. My friends and relations pressed me to send my invention to the patent office to get recognition. So I filled the form and filed my patent application with the patent office and waited for the result.

Ask the students to translate some sentences or spell some key words in the text. Show the following. Put the following sentences into Chinese.

1. The first thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes. 2. Between the outside and the inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled. 3. Nor will you receive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everybody else’s.

Sample answers: 1. 我做的第一件事是看看是否有能帮我忙的产品，但是好像只有一些用来捕杀蛇的粉末。

2. 在碗内外侧有一些果子冻，当冷却时它们会冻得很结实。

3. 直到做了一次调查后发现你的产品确实与众不同，这时你才会获得专利。

Step Ⅱ Grammar focus T: Now, please look carefully at some examples on the slides and answer some questions below: Show the following.

1. The Titanic is a sunk ship in the ocean. 2. The book intended as a surprise to him was lost in the mail. 3. He seems moved to tears by the film. 4. If bitten by a snake, you should call for help. 5. We left them caught in the storm. Qs: 1. What’s the function of the words in bold? 2. What kind of voice do they have? Why? 3. What part of speech does each of them have? 4. What’s the difference between the structures of the first two sentences? Can you rewrite them in the attributive clause? T: Now, please talk with your partner and then we will deal with the questions one by one. S1: All the words in bold in the sentences are all past participles, which explain and add more information to the meanings of the sentences.

S2: Usually the past participle shows the passive voice to the related part of the sentence. For example in the first two sentences, the verbs sunk and intended indicate the passive relationship to the nouns they modify ship and book while in the third and the fourth sentences the passive relationship is between the subject He and moved; you and bitten. From the last sentence, we know they were caught in the storm. S3: The past participles act as attribute as in the first two examples while they serve as predicative, adverbial, object complement respectively in the next three examples. S4: The past participle in the first sentence modifies the noun following it while in the second sentence the modified noun is in front of the past participle. They can be rewritten as The Titanic is a ship which is sunk in the ocean. The book which was intended as a surprise to him was lost in the mail. Step Ⅲ Discovering useful structures T: First I’d like you to look at the example and talk about the part of speech of the past participle and then look through the text and find out three more sentences used in this way. I’ll give you three minutes. Then we’ll check the answers together.

Ask the students to do Exercise 1 on page 23 and Exercises 2-4 on page 24. And then check the answers.

Step Ⅴ Homework Ask the students to do the following.

1. Finish the exercises on grammar in this unit. 2. Preview the reading materials in Using Language . I. 语法: 过去分词作定语

1. 过去分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。表示被动和完成意义,其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：

Where are the reserved seats? (=Where are the seats which have been reserved?) 预定的座位在哪里？

The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到很好的照料。

We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多合格的工人。

My friend is a returned student.

我的朋友是个归国留学生。

2. 过去分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：

The funds raised (= which have been raised) are mainly used for helping the homeless.

筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。

He is a teacher loved by his students.

他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。

Who were the so-called guests invited (=who had been invited) to your party last night?

昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀? This book, written (= which is written) in simple English, is suitable for beginners.

本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。

The student dressed in white is my daughter.

=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter. 穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。

3. 过去分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：

The newly-built building is our office building. 这座新建的大楼是我们的办公楼。

This is a state-owned factory.

这是一家国营工厂。

This is our school-run factory.

这是我们的校办工厂。

4. 有些不及物动词的过去分词作定语，并不表示被动的意思而是表示完成。这类过去分词常作前置修饰语。例如：

There are a lot of fallen leaves in autumn. 秋天有许多落叶。

The film describes the story about the police who pursue an escaped man. 这部电影描述的是警察抓逃犯的事。

常用的这一类词有：fallen, faded, returned, retired, risen, grown up, vanished等。

5. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：

Is there anything unsolved?

还有没解决的问题吗？

There is noting changed here since I left this town. 自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。

6. 过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：

(1) 及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。

lost time—time which is lost

a well-known writer—a writer who is well- known a beaten team—a team which is beaten

(2) 部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。

a returned soldier—a soldier who has returned retired workers—workers who have retired a learned man—a man who is of much learning a sunken ship—a ship which has sunk